考研考博-英語(yǔ)-伊犁師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-伊犁師范大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Asweareonthepointofsomeimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircredit（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transmit“傳送，輸送，發(fā)射”；B選項(xiàng)transfer“轉(zhuǎn)移，搬遷，調(diào)動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)transact“（與人或組織

）做業(yè)務(wù)，做交易”；D選項(xiàng)transport“運(yùn)送，運(yùn)輸”。由credit（信用）可知C選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，credittransacting表示“信用交易”。句意：由于我們正與他們進(jìn)行一些重要的交易，我們想確切地了解他們的信用交易情況。

2.單選題

Witheachsuccessivevisitourknowledgeofthoseregionsincreased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.successful

B.consecutive

C.fruitful

D.occasional

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們對(duì)這些地區(qū)的了解每一次都在不斷增加。successive意為連續(xù)的，接替的。successful成功的，一帆風(fēng)順的；consecutive連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的；fruitful富有成效的，多產(chǎn)的；occasional偶然的，臨時(shí)的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

3.單選題

Amotionpicturedirectorforovertwentyyears,JohnChampmanstampedhisfilmwith（

）tyleandpersonalconviction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.himself

B.hisown

C.his

D.him

【答案】B

【解析】考查人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞的用法。句意：二十多年來(lái)，電影導(dǎo)演John將他的電影深深烙上了個(gè)人風(fēng)格和個(gè)人信仰的記號(hào)。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。hisown“他自己的”。

4.單選題

Researchersproducedevidencetosupportwhatmostofusalreadyknew—thatacupofteaistheanswertoanycrisis.

Dr.MalcolmCross,apsychologistatCityUniversityLondon,testedtheanxietylevelsofagroupofpeoplefollowinga（1）

situationandrevealedthatevenasinglecupofteahasa（2）

calmingeffect.Histeamgave42volunteersamentalarithmeticexamand（3）

offeredhalfofthemacupofteaandtheotherhalfaglassofwater.Thewatergroup’sanxietylevelssoared（4）

25percentcomparedwithbeforethetask,（5）

theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety—despitethedifficulttest,theywererelaxedthanwhentheystared.

Accordingtoasurveycarriedoutfortheresearch,68percentofBritons（6）

teainadilemma,makingitthenation’smostcommonresponsetotroubleof（7）

kind.About60percentsaidthepromiseofcomfortandwarmthwasthemainreasonforputtingthekettleon.“The（8）

ofmakinganddrinkingtea—particularlyduringtimesofstress—isatthevery（9）

ofBritishculture,”Crosssaid.

Thisstudyshowsthatthesocialpsychological（10）

ofteaenhancetheeffectsofitschemicalmake-uponourbodiesandbrains.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.light-hearted

B.serious

C.comfortable

D.stressful

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.rigorous

C.severe

D.selective

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.previously

B.afterwards

C.besides

D.lately

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.by

D.at

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.while

B.however

C.meanwhile

D.nevertheless

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.giveup

B.oweto

C.lookon

D.turnto

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.whichever

B.whatever

C.however

D.whoever

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ceremony

B.function

C.ritual

D.observance

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.beginning

B.moment

C.end

D.core

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.aspects

B.faces

C.sites

D.ways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)light-hearted“輕松的”；B選項(xiàng)serious“嚴(yán)肅的”；C選項(xiàng)comfortable“愜意的”；D選項(xiàng)stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”。句意：倫敦城市大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家馬爾科姆?克羅斯博士測(cè)試了一組人在________情況下的焦慮水平，發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，需要鎮(zhèn)靜的情況只有當(dāng)人處于緊張的狀態(tài)，所以stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)significant“有效的”；B選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)密的”；C選項(xiàng)severe“嚴(yán)峻的；劇烈的”；D選項(xiàng)selective“有選擇性的”。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)即使是一杯茶也有________的鎮(zhèn)靜作用。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，significant“有效的”形容effect“作用”比較合理，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)previously“預(yù)先”；B選項(xiàng)afterwards“然后”；C選項(xiàng)besides“以及”；D選項(xiàng)lately“近來(lái)”。句意：他的團(tuán)隊(duì)給42名志愿者進(jìn)行了心算測(cè)試，________給其中一半人一杯茶，另一半人一杯水。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和橫線(xiàn)前面的and得知是先做測(cè)試再給水或茶，所以afterwards“然后”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)soaron非固定搭配；B選項(xiàng)soarin非固定搭配；C選項(xiàng)soarby“激增了……”；D選項(xiàng)“激增到……”。句意：與任務(wù)前相比，喝水對(duì)比組的焦慮水平飆升________25%。根據(jù)下文theteagroupactuallyreportedafourpercentreductioninanxiety（喝茶對(duì)比組的焦慮感實(shí)際上減少了4%），可知這里在對(duì)喝水對(duì)比組和喝茶對(duì)比組的結(jié)果進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，可推測(cè)結(jié)果在內(nèi)容方面一致，所以soarby“激增了……”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.考查語(yǔ)法。句意：________喝茶對(duì)比組的焦慮感實(shí)際上減少了4%。4個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思都為然而。A選項(xiàng)while引導(dǎo)從句；B選項(xiàng)however，C選項(xiàng)meanwhile和D選項(xiàng)nevertheless后面緊跟逗號(hào)，橫線(xiàn)后面為完整的從句，所以A選項(xiàng)while符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)giveup“放棄”；B選項(xiàng)oweto“由于”；C選項(xiàng)lookon“看待”；D選項(xiàng)turnto“求助于”。句意：這項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，68%的英國(guó)人在遇到兩難困境時(shí)會(huì)________喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國(guó)人面對(duì)麻煩時(shí)最普遍的應(yīng)對(duì)方式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指人們選擇通過(guò)喝茶幫助自己脫離那個(gè)焦慮的困境，所以turnto“求助于”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查代詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whichever“無(wú)論哪個(gè)”；B選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么”；C選項(xiàng)however“無(wú)論如何”；D選項(xiàng)whoever“無(wú)論是誰(shuí)”。句意：這項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，68%的英國(guó)人在遇到兩難困境時(shí)會(huì)求助于喝茶，這使得喝茶成為英國(guó)人面對(duì)________種類(lèi)的麻煩時(shí)最普遍的應(yīng)對(duì)方式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指無(wú)論遇到什么麻煩，人們選擇喝茶，所以whatever“無(wú)論什么”比較符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ceremony“（公共或宗教的）典禮；（正式或傳統(tǒng)的）禮節(jié)”；B選項(xiàng)function“盛大的集會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)ritual“習(xí)慣；（尤指）宗教儀式”；D選項(xiàng)observance“宗教（或傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日）的儀式”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的________——尤其是在壓力大的時(shí)候。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，在壓力大的時(shí)候喝茶是一種習(xí)慣，所以ritual“習(xí)慣”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)beginning“開(kāi)始”；B選項(xiàng)moment“時(shí)刻”；C選項(xiàng)end“結(jié)束”；D選項(xiàng)core“核心”。句意：泡茶和喝茶的習(xí)慣——尤其是在壓力大的時(shí)候——是英國(guó)文化的________。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指喝茶是英國(guó)文化中不容忽視的一部分，所以core“核心”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)aspects“方面”；B選項(xiàng)faces“表面；面部”；C選項(xiàng)sites“地點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)ways“方法”。句意：這項(xiàng)研究表明，茶在社會(huì)心理________增強(qiáng)了其化學(xué)成分對(duì)我們身體和大腦的影響。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指從社會(huì)心理的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，茶對(duì)我們的影響更大了，所以aspects“方面”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Amtrak(美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridershipalongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.

Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationatthetime.

However,timechangedandtheautomobilebecameAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanliness,and2)travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat____.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized____.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause____.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumers’attitudes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectoftraintravel

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencewheretheycouldenjoyfreedom

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramswhichcouldbringmoreaudience

C.theirprofitcouldbeincreasedby15percent,whichwaswhattheyexpected

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudience

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是什么？

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.A.為了表明在速度和便利方面火車(chē)無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica’sstandardofconvenience.B.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)汽車(chē)對(duì)美國(guó)方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影響。

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.C.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行社在市場(chǎng)推廣中的作用。

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumers’attitudes.D.為了說(shuō)明說(shuō)服性溝通在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的重要作用。

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題考查的是作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。本文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“提出問(wèn)題——分析問(wèn)題——解決問(wèn)題”，首段提出“鐵路客流量下降”的問(wèn)題，第二段及第三段前半部分分析該問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因，從第三段后半部分開(kāi)始講DDBNeedham確定地解決問(wèn)題的策略是“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者（encourageconsumers）考慮火車(chē)旅行的其他方面，以改變他們的態(tài)度（inordertochangetheirattitudes），并增加在西方考慮火車(chē)旅行的可能性”，通過(guò)廣告宣傳把西部的鐵路打造成火車(chē)旅行體驗(yàn)，最終的結(jié)果是，鐵路線(xiàn)路的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)了。一篇文章的分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題部分是文章的重點(diǎn)，而本文重點(diǎn)部分是在講DDBNeedham的宣傳策略和廣告投放對(duì)于解決西部鐵路客流量下降問(wèn)題的重要作用，因此，D選項(xiàng)“為了說(shuō)明說(shuō)服性溝通在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的重要作用”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為了表明在速度和便利方面火車(chē)無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，火車(chē)和飛機(jī)的比較只在分析問(wèn)題部分提到了，本不是文章話(huà)題的重點(diǎn)，不會(huì)是作者的寫(xiě)作目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“為了強(qiáng)調(diào)汽車(chē)對(duì)美國(guó)方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的影響”，原文第三段第一句雖然提到了“汽車(chē)成為了美國(guó)交通便利的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，但是本文主要討論的是鐵路客運(yùn)量的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“為了強(qiáng)調(diào)旅行社在市場(chǎng)推廣中的作用”，原文雖然提到了火車(chē)旅行，但并未提及旅行社，進(jìn)行廣告宣傳的是廣告代理商，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat____.從文章中可以推斷，美國(guó)鐵路公司客運(yùn)量的下降是由于____。

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportationA.火車(chē)不適合短途客運(yùn)

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationB.火車(chē)不是最快最便捷的交通工具

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeC.火車(chē)不像過(guò)去那樣快捷方便了

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenienceD.在豪華和便利方面，火車(chē)無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thedropinAmtrakridership定位到原文第二段及第三段。第二段提到“曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，火車(chē)是穿越西部廣大地區(qū)唯一可行的方法。與當(dāng)時(shí)的其他交通工具相比，火車(chē)快速、豪華、便捷（fast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenient）?！庇纱丝芍?，火車(chē)曾經(jīng)受歡迎的原因是“它的快速、豪華、便捷”。另外，第三段第一、二句提到“然而，時(shí)代變了，汽車(chē)（theautomobile）成了美國(guó)的方便標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此外，航空旅行（airtravel）已經(jīng)很容易地確立了自己作為長(zhǎng)途旅行的最快方法的地位?！庇纱丝芍?，現(xiàn)在，汽車(chē)和飛機(jī)成為了更便捷的交通工具。綜上所述，鐵路客運(yùn)量下降的原因是，相比較而言，它已經(jīng)不是最便捷的交通工具了，有其他交通工具取代了它的位置，B選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)不是最快最便捷的交通工具”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)不適合短途客運(yùn)”，原文并未具體提及短途客運(yùn)的問(wèn)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)不像過(guò)去那樣快捷方便了”，原文并不是說(shuō)火車(chē)沒(méi)有以前快、沒(méi)有以前方便了，只是有了更快、更方便的交通工具，取代了它的位置，這是相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“在豪華和便利方面，火車(chē)無(wú)法與飛機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，原文不僅提到了飛機(jī)，還提到了汽車(chē)，B選項(xiàng)的表述更完整，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized____.為了鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者乘坐火車(chē)旅行，DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)了____。

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrainsA.火車(chē)提供的自由和便利

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravelB.火車(chē)旅行的實(shí)用性

C.theadventurousaspectoftraintravelC.火車(chē)旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintripsD.火車(chē)旅行的安全和清潔

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Toencourageconsumers和DDBNeedham定位到原文第三段第三句，該句提到“DDBNeedham的任務(wù)是鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者考慮火車(chē)旅行的其他方面（otheraspects），以改變他們的態(tài)度，并增加考慮在西部進(jìn)行火車(chē)旅行的可能性?！鼻皟删涮岬?，“汽車(chē)是便利（convenience）的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”、“飛機(jī)是最快的（fastest）交通工具”，那么，DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)的應(yīng)該是“便利和速度”以外的因素。第四段最后一句提到“它強(qiáng)調(diào)了乘坐火車(chē)所獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并把西部火車(chē)旅行描繪成奇妙的冒險(xiǎn)（portrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures）?！庇纱丝芍?，DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)的是西部火車(chē)旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性，C選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)提供的自由和便利”，“便利”不是DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)旅行的實(shí)用性”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“火車(chē)旅行的安全和清潔”，可定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“整個(gè)市場(chǎng)的兩個(gè)部分是目標(biāo)：1）焦慮的飛行者——那些關(guān)心安全、放松和清潔（safety,relaxation,andcleanliness）的人”，但這并不是DDB強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause____.火車(chē)廣告之所以出現(xiàn)在以自然和美國(guó)為主題的家庭電視中，是因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencewheretheycouldenjoyfreedomA.它們可以專(zhuān)注于有意義的旅行體驗(yàn)，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他們可以享受自由

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramswhichcouldbringmoreaudienceB.它們可以提高電視節(jié)目的效果，這可以帶來(lái)更多的觀眾

C.theirprofitcouldbeincreasedby15percent,whichwaswhattheyexpectedC.它們的利潤(rùn)可以增加15%，這是他們所期望的

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudienceD.大多數(shù)旅行愛(ài)好者和憂(yōu)慮的飛機(jī)乘客被認(rèn)為是節(jié)目的觀眾

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTV定位到原文最后一段第二句，該句提到“這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性投放在面向家庭、涉及自然和美國(guó)的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標(biāo)受眾（inordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences）?！庇纱丝傻?，這么做是為了“觸及目標(biāo)受眾”，即他們認(rèn)為自己的目標(biāo)受眾是這些節(jié)目的觀眾。第四段提到目標(biāo)受眾有兩類(lèi)，“憂(yōu)慮的飛機(jī)乘客（anxiousfliers）”和“旅行愛(ài)好者（travel-lovers）”。綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)旅行愛(ài)好者和憂(yōu)慮的飛機(jī)乘客被認(rèn)為是節(jié)目的觀眾”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們可以專(zhuān)注于有意義的旅行體驗(yàn)，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，他們可以享受自由”，可定位到第四段第二句，該句提到“該機(jī)構(gòu)隨后開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，專(zhuān)注于旅行體驗(yàn)（focusedontravelexperiences），如自由（suchasfreedom）、逃避、放松和享受西部曠野?！庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)與本題無(wú)關(guān)，屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

B選項(xiàng)“它們可以提高電視節(jié)目的效果，這可以帶來(lái)更多的觀眾”，廣告并不能提高電視節(jié)目的效果，不是為了增加節(jié)目觀眾，而是為了吸引觀眾成為游客，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“它們的利潤(rùn)可以增加15%，這是他們所期望的”，可定位到原文最后一句，該句提到“帝國(guó)建造者在芝加哥到西雅圖的航線(xiàn)上的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)了15%”，但這表達(dá)的是在這些節(jié)目投放廣告的效果，而不是原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于因果倒置。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause____.根據(jù)這篇文章，“帝國(guó)建造者”的客流量和利潤(rùn)都有所增加，原因是____。

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertisedA.它的名字有吸引力，并且對(duì)路線(xiàn)的宣傳很有效

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceB.它提供了令人興奮的旅行經(jīng)歷

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsC.它的乘客可以欣賞到大西部的曠野

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattleD.它在芝加哥和西雅圖的報(bào)紙和雜志上做了大量的廣告宣傳

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theEmpireBuilder定位到原文第五段。本段第一句提到“‘帝國(guó)建造者’是一個(gè)浪漫的名字（theromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains（EmpireBuilder,etc.））”；第二句提到“這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性投放在面向家庭、涉及自然和美國(guó)的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標(biāo)受眾”，由此可知，這些廣告的宣傳很有效。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)“它的名字有吸引力，并且對(duì)路線(xiàn)的宣傳很有效”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“它提供了令人興奮的旅行經(jīng)歷”，選項(xiàng)雖然表述正確，但沒(méi)有廣告宣傳，火車(chē)的收益不會(huì)增加，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

C選項(xiàng)“它的乘客可以欣賞到大西部的曠野”，這雖然是廣告的內(nèi)容，但火車(chē)收益增加主要得益于火車(chē)線(xiàn)路的名字以及有效的宣傳，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

D選項(xiàng)“它在芝加哥和西雅圖的報(bào)紙和雜志上做了大量的廣告宣傳”，原文提到廣告主要投放在電視節(jié)目中，“芝加哥到西雅圖”是火車(chē)的線(xiàn)路，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

6.單選題

Studycanhelpuslookintothefutureand（）confusedthinking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notify

B.simplify

C.clarify

D.justify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:學(xué)習(xí)能幫助我們展望未來(lái),可以澄清混亂的思想。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Notify通知,公布;simplify使簡(jiǎn)化,使簡(jiǎn)易;clarify使更清晰易懂,闡明,澄清;justify證明…正確(或正當(dāng)、有理),對(duì)…作出解釋。故C符合句意。

7.單選題

Nowhereelsealongthecoast______suchshallowwatersofarfromland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthere

B.isit

C.thereis

D.itis

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.isthere有B.isit它是

C.thereis有D.itis它是

【考查點(diǎn)】倒裝。

【解題思路】Nowhere是含有否定的詞語(yǔ)，把含有否定的詞語(yǔ)放在句首，句子需要部分倒裝，而根據(jù)alongthecoast（沿海），可知用therebe句型符合句意。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

C、D選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有倒裝；

B選項(xiàng)并不符合句意。

【句意】沿海沒(méi)有其他地方有如此遠(yuǎn)離陸地的淺灘。

8.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscramthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalifiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,etc.Complete.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts;therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone'sownhouseandfileatone'sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy"towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreatsbyfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravelersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin"veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid"infilefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

2.WhichoffilefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed（

）.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish（

）.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Meltingsnows

B.Largepopulation

C.Steephillsides

D.Fertilevalleys

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcomingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，“debts”不是指?jìng)鶆?wù),而是上文提及的“Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.每個(gè)家庭和氏族都有世仇恩怨，長(zhǎng)期不和。眾多的部落和部落的組合形成了怨怨相報(bào)的惡性循環(huán)局面。”所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.帕坦人的生活充滿(mǎn)了樂(lè)趣，山谷被無(wú)盡的陽(yáng)光和充沛的水滋養(yǎng)著，肥沃得幾乎不需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)就能生產(chǎn)出稀少人口所需的適量物資?！庇纱丝芍?選項(xiàng)B與原文中“sparsepopulation”不符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.”步槍的便捷性在印度高地最受歡迎。選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句...awholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.一系列的爭(zhēng)吵就是從這個(gè)源頭開(kāi)始的?！笨芍x項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.他們?cè)噲D通過(guò)威脅、筑堡壘和發(fā)放補(bǔ)貼來(lái)確保這些道路的安全?！笨芍x項(xiàng)C也錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravelersalongtheroad.一路上人們都被要求保持安靜，不要互相射擊,最重要的是不要向沿途的行人開(kāi)槍?！笨陀^上來(lái)說(shuō),阻止了帕坦人之間的仇恨,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要描述的都是和帕坦人相關(guān)，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A，范圍太廣；選項(xiàng)B和C只是文中提到的細(xì)節(jié)，不夠全面；只有選項(xiàng)D最能概括全文主旨，所以正確。

9.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,notheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction.Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoreresponsibilitysocietytakesforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffuses.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheircommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassageis（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para2)?

4.Theworld“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefonditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotdriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwar,governmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwar,governmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.”人類(lèi)暴力的許多表現(xiàn)總是由影響進(jìn)攻行為的社會(huì)習(xí)俗所決定的。由此可得知，人類(lèi)的暴力會(huì)受社會(huì)影響，選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.”社會(huì)中的暴力是通過(guò)法律制度來(lái)控制的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.”在國(guó)家控制的法律制度中，個(gè)人被排除在暴力行為引起的報(bào)復(fù)循環(huán)之外，國(guó)家承擔(dān)保護(hù)他們的責(zé)任。也就是說(shuō)懲罰不再是由相關(guān)個(gè)人直接處理的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)可知“allegiance”應(yīng)與“commitment”“supremesacrifice”意思相近，再根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)A更符合原文語(yǔ)境。句意：這是國(guó)家向人民提出最強(qiáng)有力的要求，要求他們作出承諾、忠誠(chéng)和最大的犧牲的時(shí)刻。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.”一方面（國(guó)家）保護(hù)個(gè)人不受暴力侵害，另一方面又為了國(guó)家的利益使個(gè)人犧牲在暴力之下。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

10.單選題

Theofficialsaidthedevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilitytofosterglobaleconomicgrowth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.affect

B.helptodevelop

C.upset

D.acquire

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。foster表示“促進(jìn)，撫育”；A項(xiàng)affect“影響”，B項(xiàng)helptodevelop“幫助發(fā)展”，C項(xiàng)upset“使心煩，顛覆”，D項(xiàng)acquire“獲得”。句意：這位官員表示，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家有責(zé)任促進(jìn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)句意可知，foster在句中表示“促進(jìn)發(fā)展”；該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedb