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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京電子科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Chemicalbombscarrychemicalagentssuchasnervegas,orbiologicalweaponssuchasthecontagiousdiseaseanthrax.

問題1選項

A.infectious

B.destructive

C.mysterious

D.incurable

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.infectious傳染性的,感染的(尤指通過呼吸)B.destructive引起破壞(或毀滅)的,破壞(或毀滅)性的

C.mysterious神秘的,不易解釋的D.incurable不能治愈的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】contagious的意思為“(疾?。┙佑|傳染的”,修飾disease,指的是傳染病,infectious與之詞義相近,因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】化學(xué)炸彈含有神經(jīng)毒氣等化學(xué)物質(zhì),或炭疽熱傳染病等生物武器。

2.單選題

JillKerConway,presidentofSmith,echoestheprevailingviewofcontemporarytechnologywhenshesaysthat“anyoneintoday’sworldwhodoesn’tunderstanddataprocessingisnoteducated.”Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.Saysshe:“Theverystronglyutilitarianemphasisineducation,whichisaneffectofman-madesatellitesandthecoldwar,hasreallyremovedfromthisculturesomethingthatwasveryprofoundinits18thand19thcenturyrots,whichwasasensethatliteracyandlearningwereendsinthemselvesforademocraticrepublic.”

IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.OverjoyedwiththeirrediscoveryoftheclassicallearningthatwasthoughttohavedisappearedduringtheDarkAges,theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.Itspurpose,totheextentthatithasone,istopassonfromgenerationtogenerationthecorpusofknowledgethatconstitutescivilization.“Whatcouldmanacquire,byvirtuousstriving,thatismorevaluablethanknowledge?”askedErasmus,perhapsthegreatestscholaroftheearly16thcentury.Thatideahasacquiredatraditionofitsown.“Theeducationalprocesshasnoendbeyonditself,”saidJohnDewey,“Itisitsownend.”

Butwhatexactlyisthecorpusofknowledgetobepassedon?Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).Asrecentlyasthelastcentury,whenlessthan5%ofAmericanswenttocollegeatall,studentsinNewEnglandestablishmentswerecompelledmainlytomemorizeandrecitevariousLatintexts,andcrustyprofessorsangrilyopposedtheintroductionofanynewscientificdiscoveriesormodernEuropeanlanguages.“Theyfelt.”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnionPacificRailroadpresidentwhodevotedhislateryearstowritinghistory,“thataclassicaleducationwastheimportantdistinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.”

1.ThefirstparagraphshowsthatJillKerConwayacceptsutilitarianemphasisineducation().

2.Educationforeducation’ssakewasprobablyopposedby().

3.Theideathateducationtransmitsknowledgeisdatedbackto().

4.ItcanbeinferredthatCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.().

5.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrue?

問題1選項

A.wholeheartedly

B.withreservation

C.againstherownwill

D.withcontempt

問題2選項

A.scholarsintheRenaissanceperiod

B.JillKerConway

C.scholarsintheDarkAges

D.Plato

問題3選項

A.theRenaissancehumanists

B.themedievaluniversities

C.the18thcentury'sAmericanscholars

D.thecoldwarperiod

問題4選項

A.devotedhislateryearstoclassicaleducation

B.wasanadvocateofeducationinhistory

C.wasanopponenttoclassicaleducation

D.regretteddiminishingtheimportanceofthedistinction

問題5選項

A.FivepercentofAmericancollegestudentslearntLatintexts.

B.StudentsinNewEnglandlearntLatintextsinofficialorganizations.

C.StudentswerecompelledtolearnmodernEuropeanlanguages.

D.AmericancollegestudentshadtolearnLatintextsbyreading.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Butsheinsiststhattheincreasingemphasisonthesemattersleavecertaingaps.(但她堅持認為,對這些問題的日益重視留下了一定的差距。)我們可以知道知道,雖然吉爾?克爾?康維支持實用主義教育,但是她認為實用主義教育仍然有一些欠缺,因此B選項“仍然有余地”正確。A選項“全心全意地”;C選項“與她的意志相違背”以及D選項“帶有目的性的”,都不正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句和第二句IncontrasttoPlato’sclaimforthesocialvalueofeducation,aquitedifferentideaofintellectualpurposeswasadvocatedbytheRenaissancehumanists.Overjoyedwith...theyarguedthattheimpartingofknowledgeneedsnojustification—religious,social,economic,orpolitical.(與柏拉圖對教育的社會價值的主張相反,文藝復(fù)興時期的人文主義者提倡一種完全不同的關(guān)于智力目的的觀點。他們?yōu)橹匦掳l(fā)現(xiàn)被認為在黑暗時代已經(jīng)消失的經(jīng)典知識而欣喜若狂,他們認為知識的傳授不需要任何理由——宗教的,社會的,經(jīng)濟的或政治的。)通過這兩句話我們知道,柏拉圖認為教育應(yīng)該具有社會價值,而文藝復(fù)興時期的人文主義者持有與柏拉圖完全不同的觀點,提出知識的傳授不應(yīng)該具有宗教、社會、經(jīng)濟、政治目的,由此我們可以推斷出,文藝復(fù)興時期的人文主義者建議“教育只為教育而生”即“educationforeducation’ssake”的觀點,綜合考慮,最有可能反對“教育的目的就是教育本身?!钡氖前乩瓐D,因此D選項“柏拉圖”正確。A選項“文藝復(fù)興時期的學(xué)者”沒有提到;B選項“吉爾?克爾?康維”,她雖支持實用主義教育,但仍認為它有一些欠缺,因此不正確;而C選項“黑暗時代的學(xué)者”,沒有提及。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第二句Insimplertimes,itwasallincludedinthemedievaluniversities’Quadrivium(arithmetic,geometry,astronomy,musiC.andTrivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic).(在較簡單的時代,它全部被包括在中世紀大學(xué)的四科(算術(shù)、幾何、天文學(xué)、音樂)和三科(語法,修辭,邏輯)中。)通過這句話我們知道,在簡單時代,中世紀大學(xué)向?qū)W生傳授四門學(xué)科(算術(shù)、幾何、天文、音樂)和三學(xué)科(語法、修辭、邏輯)的知識,因此我們可以判斷出教育傳授知識的觀點可以追溯至中世紀大學(xué),因此B選項“中世紀的大學(xué)”正確。A選項“文藝復(fù)興時期的人文主義者”;C選項“18世紀的美國學(xué)者”以及D選項“冷戰(zhàn)時期”,都不符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段“Theyfelt,”saidregretfullyCharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.,theUnion...distinctionbetweenamanwhohadbeentocollegeandamanwhohadnotbeentocollege,andthatanythingthatdiminishedtheimportanceofthisdistinctionwasessentiallyrevolutionaryandtendedtoanarchy.(“他們的感受。小查爾斯?弗朗西斯?亞當斯遺憾地說。“聯(lián)合太平洋鐵路總統(tǒng)晚年致力于書寫歷史,”一個古典教育的重要區(qū)別是一個人上大學(xué),一個人沒有上大學(xué),任何削弱這種區(qū)別的事本質(zhì)上都是革命,傾向于無政府狀態(tài)?!保┳髡咴谝眠@段話時用了regretfully(遺憾地)一詞,從而說明CharlesFrancisAdams,Jr.是反對古典教育的,因此C選項“是古典教育的反對者”正確。A選項“晚年致力于古典教育”;B選項“是歷史上教育的倡導(dǎo)者”以及D選項“遺憾的是降低了區(qū)別的重要性”都屬于抓住這一段引語中的個別詞句進行發(fā)揮,都與原文不符,也無法由原文推知。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段第三句Asrecentlyasthelastcentury...ormodernEuropeanlanguages(近至上個世紀,當美國上大學(xué)的人總共還不到5%的時候,新英格蘭教育機構(gòu)里的學(xué)生卻在被迫著記憶和背誦各種拉丁文本,那些頑固的教授憤怒地反對引進任何新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)或現(xiàn)代歐洲語言)。B選項中的officialorganizations是該句中establishments的改寫,意思上與原文相符,因此B選項“新英格蘭的學(xué)生在官方機構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)拉丁文”正確。A選項“百分之五的美國大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)拉丁文”;C選項“學(xué)生們被迫學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代歐洲語言”以及D選項“美國大學(xué)生必須通過閱讀來學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語”都不符合原文。

3.單選題

______howtooperateaswitchboard,Ihadtoasktheofficesupervisortoshowmethecorrectprocedures.

問題1選項

A.Notknown

B.Notknowing

C.Nottoknow

D.Havingnotknown

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我不知道如何操作總機,只好請辦公室主管告訴我正確的程序。動詞know與主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,排除A,C選項。非謂語動詞的否定形式not置于非謂語動詞之前,應(yīng)該是nothavingknown,排除D選項。因此B選項正確。

4.單選題

Thelittlegirlisignorant()thebasicrulesofEnglishgrammar.

問題1選項

A.for

B.of

C.with

D.against

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。ignorantof意為“不知道,不了解”,為固定搭配。選項B正確。

5.單選題

Manfred(

)withsurethatnineoutoftengentlemenwhodancedwiththischarmingyoungladywouldfallinlovewithher.

問題1選項

A.allude

B.adduce

C.averred

D.advert

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。allude“暗指”;adduce“舉出;引證”;aver“斷言;主張”;advert“引起注意,提及”。句意:曼弗雷德斷言跟這位充滿魅力的女士跳舞的男士中,十分之九愛上了她。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

BadluckhasplaguedMr.Averythroughouthisentirelife.

問題1選項

A.hunted

B.followed

C.haunted

D.clungto

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。plague“困擾;使苦惱;使得災(zāi)禍”;A選項hunt“打獵;搜索”;B選項follow“跟隨;遵循;追求”;C選項haunt“困擾,使苦惱”;D選項clingto“堅持;依靠;依附”。句意:艾弗里先生一生都為壞運氣所困擾。題干說到“throughouthisentirelife他的整個一生”,可推測出plague在這里有“困擾”的意思,因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Studiesshowthatmostadoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheir(

)parentsare.

問題1選項

A.natural

B.first

C.primitive

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。naturalparents“親生父母”。句意:研究表明,大多數(shù)被收養(yǎng)的孩子都想知道自己的親生父母是誰。A項符合題意。

8.單選題

ShouldIreceiveanymessageswhileIaminthemeeting,kindlyholdthemformetillaftertheoilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft.

問題1選項

A.Should

B.whileIaminthemeeting

C.kindlyholdthemfor

D.oilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。名詞所有格漏用。應(yīng)改為oilcompany’srepresentativeshaveleft.

9.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ManypeopleseemtothinkthatcreativityisproducingtheBigIdea—anideafromnowheresocleverandsoprofoundthatitdefinescreativity.(41)Oneofthekeylessonsofthisbook,andaclearmessagetotheprospectiveclientwhorejectedmyproposals,isthis:theinstantBigIdeadoesnotexist.

(42)Ideascomethroughaseriesofsmallstepsormoves.Theybuildupeachothertoproducethefinalidea.Lookbackonanyideayouhavecomeupwith;thinkbacktopreciselyhowtheideagrew,andtraceitslineage.(43)Ratherthanthecreativeideabeinganinstantrevelation,itwillmorelikelybecharacterizedbyahaphazardseriesofmoves,stepsandlinkages.

(44)(Astudyoftheremaining5percentofpatentswould,Isuspect,revealthattheyaretheproductsofincrementalthought.)Anytrulygreatidea(possessingsignificantaddedvalue)willgenerallyhaveemergedasaresultofaseriesofincrementalsmallstepsingeneratingit,withmuchofitsinherentaddedvaluegainedinthesubsequentimplementation,orinhowitwassold.

Examineanyfieldofactivitywherecreativeideasaregeneratedandused,whetheritistheworldofmanagement,thearts,ortelevisioncomedy.(45)Indeed,themanagementguruTomPetersdescribesinhisbookAPassionforExcellence(Peters,1996)severalcasestudieswhereorganizationsmadedecisionstopursueaBigIdea:“Inallofhistoryitseems,fromFrenchfryseasoningatMcDonald’stoIBM’sSystem/360computer,thefirstandsecondprototypesdon’twork.”O(jiān)ftenthekeypeopleinaprojectweresimplyintenton“makingitwork”;throughtrialanderrortheyeventuallysucceeded.NoBigIdeabroughtaninstantsolution.

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.

【答案】41.E

42.A

43.C

44.F

45.B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.Creativity,anditstaskofgeneratingideas,isessentiallyincremental.A.創(chuàng)造力及其產(chǎn)生想法的任務(wù)本質(zhì)上是遞增的。

B.Theirideasarecreatedthroughanumberofmini-steps,notviaaninstant,earth-shatteringmomentofinspiration.B.他們的想法是通過許多小步驟創(chuàng)造出來的,而不是通過瞬間、驚天動地的靈感。

C.Theblindingflashofinspirationwill,ifyouarehonestenough,belinkedtoanearlierideaorelementthatyoumayhavebeendealingwith.C.如果你足夠誠實的話,精彩的靈感閃現(xiàn)會與你之前處理過的想法或元素聯(lián)系起來。

D.Inpublicrelationsworkitmaybethenewcampaignideathatnooneelsehasthoughtof,whichwillachievesignificantpublicity,orthephotocallgimmickthatshowstheproductinanewlightandgeneratesextensivemediacoverage.D.在公共關(guān)系工作中,這可能是一個其他人沒有想到的新的宣傳理念,它將取得重大的宣傳效果,或者是以新的角度展示產(chǎn)品,并產(chǎn)生廣泛的媒體報道的照片宣傳噱頭。

E.ItismuchmoreconvenienttobelievegreatcreativepeoplesomehowintuitivelyandinstantlyarriveatBigIdeasratherthanrecognizethatcreativitycanbeamessy,unglamorousandprotractedprocess.E.人們更容易相信,偉大的創(chuàng)意人士會以某種方式,憑直覺立即得出偉大的想法,而不是認識到,創(chuàng)造力可能是一個混亂、乏味和漫長的過程。

F.ThisincrementalnatureofcreativityisconfirmedbytheUK’sPatentOffice,whichreportsthat95percentofnewpatentsaremerelyadaptationsofexistingones.F.英國專利局證實了創(chuàng)造力的這種漸進式性質(zhì),該局報告稱,95%的新專利只是對現(xiàn)有專利的改編。

41.空格前提到“很多人似乎認為創(chuàng)造力指突然產(chǎn)生一個特別聰明、宏大的想法”,這與E選項是對應(yīng)的,所以該題選擇E項。

42.空格后一句提到“想法來自一系列的小步驟或行動(aseriesofsmallstepsormoves)?!?,這一句是對A項觀點的具體說明和解釋,故A項正確。

43.根據(jù)該空前一句“回顧你想到的任何想法;準確地回想一下這個想法是如何發(fā)展起來的,并追溯它的沿襲”,其中提到了一個人稱代詞you,所以后面應(yīng)該還是以第二人稱為主,C項正確。

44.后面括號里面提到了remaining5percentofpatents,所以該段第一句是對這個專利的描寫,故F項正確。

45.上一段最后一句還提到“任何真正偉大的想法通常都是由一系列漸進的小步驟產(chǎn)生的(aseriesofincrementalsmallsteps),其內(nèi)在的附加價值大多是在后續(xù)的實施中獲得的,或者是通過它的銷售方式獲得的”,接著該段就提到“檢查任何產(chǎn)生和使用創(chuàng)造性想法(creativeideas)的活動領(lǐng)域”,可推測,第二句是要迎合上一段的最后一句,所以B項正確。

10.單選題

“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.WhilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses’shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-1nselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKtmsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat(

).

2.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

).

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

).

4.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

).

5.Modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

).

6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improveexistingcollections

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題6選項

A.Collectionandcollectors

B.Theevolutionofmuseums

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。slippery意為狡猾的,不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可以推測,這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)獻給繆斯女神的任何東西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日,甚至是一本教科書。”由此可知選項D正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)原文句意:隨著它們的增加和擴大,作為補充,造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”,而是“特定場地的”,被認為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中“thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries...”對皇室和教堂遺跡的憤怒促使古物學(xué)家把它們(文物)藏在避難所的陳列室里。由此可知,是為了保護皇家和教堂的財富,選項A符合原文。

6.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是“museum”一詞的變化過程,所以選項B最能概括全文。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe()concernofstategov-ernments.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.excluding

C.excessive

D.exclusive

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:—般來說,國家邊境問題是政府()關(guān)心的問題。

extinct滅絕的;excluding除…外,不包括;excessive過度的,過分的;exclusive獨有的,專一的。D項exclusive獨有的,專一的符合句意,在這里表示“專門的,特別的”。

12.單選題

Whenyouarecamping,therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe().

問題1選項

A.putupwith

B.caughtupwith

C.comeupwith

D.keptupwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。putupwith“忍受,容忍”;caughtupwith“給…迷住,入迷”;comeupwith“提出,想出,趕上”;keptupwith“趕得上,和…保持聯(lián)系”。句意:當你露營時,你不得不忍受許多不便。A項符合題意。

13.單選題

Ifhockeyplayersaretoo(

),theyarepenalized.

問題1選項

A.clumsy

B.aggressive

C.brisk

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。clumsy“笨拙的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的”;brisk“敏銳的,活潑的”;flexible“靈活的,柔韌的,易彎曲的”。句意:如果曲棍球選手太過于具有攻擊性,將會被處罰。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Maryfounditdifficultto____Jim’sfatherwhenhedisapprovedoftheirmarriage.

問題1選項

A.standfor

B.standout

C.standby

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析與上下文語義。A選項standfor“代表”;B選項standout“顯眼;突出”;C選項standby“繼續(xù)支持(某人),尤指處于困境者”;D選項standupto“經(jīng)受??;反抗(某人)”。句意:Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)很難____Jim的父親,當他不贊成他們的婚姻時。A、B選項不符合句意,排除;Jim的父親不是處于困境者,而是相對來說更強大的人,D選項更符合句意,表達的是“Mary發(fā)現(xiàn)當Jim的父親不贊成他們的婚姻時,反抗他很難”。因此,本題最佳選項為D。

15.單選題

Onlyonceinawhile()anovellikethat.

問題1選項

A.theloverofbookscomesabout

B.theloverofbookscomesacross

C.doestheloverofbookscomeacross

D.doestheloverofbookscome

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒裝。Only位于句首,句子需要倒裝,由此可首先排除選項A和選項B;再根據(jù)句意:愛書的人只有偶爾才會遇到這樣的小說。comeacross意為“偶遇,無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”,選項C符合語境。

16.單選題

Glaeser________hisinterestinurbanareasdirectlytohisyouthinNewYorkCity,whereheliveduntilhewenttocollegeatage17.

問題1選項

A.attributed

B.conducted

C.devoted

D.contributed

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.attributed歸因于,歸功于B.conducted實施,執(zhí)行

C.devoted獻身,致力D.contributed貢獻,捐贈

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“hisinterestinurbanareas(他對城市地區(qū)的興趣)”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯,表示格萊澤怎么樣這份興趣,空格處還需要能夠和下文的to進行搭配。由后半句句意“他在那里一直生活到(liveduntil)17歲上大學(xué)”可知,因為他的青年時代一直都生活在紐約這樣的大城市,所以他會對城市地區(qū)感興趣,換言之,他對城市地區(qū)有興趣的原因是在紐約生活的經(jīng)歷。attributesth.tosth.是固定搭配,意為“把……歸因于……”,指認為某事物是另一事物的結(jié)果,因此A選項attributed“歸因于,歸功于”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項conducted“實施,執(zhí)行”指組織或進行特定的活動,不能和“interest(興趣)”進行搭配;

C選項devoted“獻身,致力”,devoteoneselftosb./sth.指把大部分時間、精力等投入到某人或某物中,不符合題干的語義邏輯;

D選項contributed“貢獻,捐贈”,contributesth.tosth.指贈予錢或物品以幫助某人,不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】格萊澤將他對城市地區(qū)的興趣直接歸功于他在紐約的青年時代,他在那里一直生活到17歲上大學(xué)。

17.單選題

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項exhausted“筋疲力盡的;疲憊不堪的;耗盡的;枯竭的”;B選項abandoned“被拋棄的;(房屋,車輛)被廢棄的;無約束的;恣意放蕩的”;C選項injured“受傷的;受損害的”;D選項deserted“荒蕪的;被遺棄的;無人居住的”。句意:手術(shù)使病人___,需要很長的時間恢復(fù),現(xiàn)在卻使他們感到輕松舒適。本句表達“手術(shù)讓病人精疲力竭”,因此A選項正確。

18.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatesupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytobebusiness.

1.Thewritermentionstheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalstosuggestthat().

2.ItcanbeinferredformDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat().

3.Dr.Worm’scommentof“thesefiguresareconservative”(Line1,Paragraph3)means().

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersmaintainthat().

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’().

問題1選項

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.Slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

問題2選項

A.thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

B.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesaretherewere15yearsago

問題3選項

A.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

B.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

C.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

D.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

問題4選項

A.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation

B.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan'tworkforalongertime

C.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

D.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

問題5選項

A.technologicalapplication

B.managementefficiency

C.catch-sizelimits

D.biomasslevel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到原文第一段。文章通過講述史前人類到達新地方時,大型動物會突然滅絕,進而引出討論的話題,即海洋生物也會在人類來臨之后面臨滅絕的危險。因此,本題正確答案為C選項。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“…thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.”可知,一個新的漁場在被開發(fā)后的15年中大型捕食類魚種的生物量平均減少了80%。在有些長期捕撈的地區(qū),自那以后,這個數(shù)量又減少了一半(剩余20%的一半),因此一共下降了90%;故B選項表述正確,其余選項均不能由他們的論文得出。故本題正確答案為B選項。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到原文第三段。沃姆博士承認論文中的數(shù)據(jù)是保守的,因為現(xiàn)在捕魚的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高,已經(jīng)用上了衛(wèi)星和聲納定位,這些設(shè)備50年前是無法使用的。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了。以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了,以前被鯊魚搶走的,現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚都不見了,自然被捕撈的就更多了。由此可知,之前的那些數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過時了。故本題正確答案為C選項。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一段可知,兩位博士認為,他們的工作給出了正確的基準線,因為人們之所以沒有察覺到海洋中發(fā)生的巨大變化是因為他們只回顧了過去相對較短的一段時間,所以在未來的管理工作中要明確“移動基準線”的意義。因此,本題正確答案為A選項“人們要根據(jù)變化情況調(diào)整基準線”。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知,當目標魚種的生物量約為其原始水平的50%時,漁場就可以收獲最大的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量。而大多數(shù)漁場都遠低于這一水平,這是一種糟糕的經(jīng)營方式。由此可知,作者最關(guān)心的是漁場的可持續(xù)產(chǎn)量,也就是關(guān)心biomasslevel(生態(tài)量)。故本題正確答案為D選項。

19.單選題

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably(

)reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetailsincluded.

問題1選項

A.concise

B.clear

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)后半句:只用了簡短的幾頁但卻涵蓋了所有的細節(jié),說明這個報告簡潔明了,選項A最符合語境。

20.單選題

Sheshouldhavebeenherebutshe’s______fluthatisgoingaroundrecently.

問題1選項

A.gonethroughwith

B.gonedownwith

C.comeinfor

D.comeupagainst

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項gonethroughwith“將(決定的事)做了”;B選項gonedownwith“得病”;C選項comeinfor“遭到(批評),受到(指責(zé))”;D選項comeupagainst“面臨,碰到”。句意:她本應(yīng)該來的,但她______最近肆意橫行的流感。這里對流感進行搭配,B選項gonedownwith“得病”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

21.單選題

Sitdown,straightenyourlegsand______yourfeet.

問題1選項

A.suffocate

B.flex

C.inflate

D.affront

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.suffocate壓制,阻礙B.flex屈伸,活動(四肢或肌肉,尤指為準備體力活動)

C.inflate膨脹

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