考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京網(wǎng)絡(luò)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow（）,particularlyinWesternEurope.

問題1選項

A.obscure

B.obsolete

C.optional

D.overlapping

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項obscure“昏暗的，朦朧的”；B選項obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時的”；C選項optional“可選擇的”；D選項overlapping“重疊的”。根據(jù)句意可知，火藥的引入應(yīng)該是使弓箭逐漸被淘汰，所以選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

問題2選項

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

問題3選項

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

問題4選項

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

問題5選項

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第一句話adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...選項C中的“l(fā)evy”和“tax”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此C為正確答案，其余選項均未體現(xiàn)。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，第二段第二句話：這已經(jīng)引起了巨大的反抗，反過來也會導(dǎo)致針對法國的貿(mào)易制裁，和選項A相一致，其中選項中的“trigger”和原文的“l(fā)eadto”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項均未體現(xiàn)。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句話：他們都認為國際稅收體系并未跟上當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟形勢。選項B“目前的國際稅收體系需要升級”是該句話的反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項均為體現(xiàn)。

4.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段最后一句話：對于國際稅收體系的未來充滿疑慮和選項C相一致。其中選項中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項里的tax是貫穿全文的主旨詞；而文章以法國對數(shù)字服務(wù)征稅為起點，全文描寫了包括法國在內(nèi)的其他國家對全球稅收系統(tǒng)的擔(dān)憂，因此選項B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余選項均未能體現(xiàn)文章關(guān)鍵詞和全文主旨。

3.翻譯題

什么是幸福？古今中外，很多人都對它作出過不少的論述。幸福是一種心境、一種感覺，是心里欲望得到滿足時的狀態(tài)，是感到生活有巨大樂趣并自然而然地希望它持續(xù)久遠的愉快心情。有些人窮其一生卻找不到幸福，而有些人則時刻被幸福光環(huán)所圍繞。這是因為幸福的人有一顆感知幸福的心，有一雙善于發(fā)現(xiàn)幸福的眼睛。對于這樣的人，一切都顯得美好。房后清風(fēng)做琴，檐下雨露為弦，屋頂鳥啾如歌，天上月光當(dāng)酒。幸福簡單又深奧，玄妙又簡潔。所以要想得到幸福就要有一種如水心態(tài)，在平淡中尋找幸福，在細微中品味幸福。幸福有時就是一個分式，欲望是分母，所得是分子。如果想得到更多的幸福，最好的方法莫過于減少分母，增加分子。

【答案】Whatishappiness?Manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussionaboutitatalltimes.Happinessisakindofmood,afeeling,astatewhendesiresintheheartissatisfied,orahappymoodwhichfeelsthegreatjoyoflifeandhopesthatitcanlastforalongtimenaturally.Somepeoplespendtheirentirelivesbutcannotfindhappiness,whileothersarealwayssurroundedbyit.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveaheartwhichcanperceivehappiness,andapairofeyeswhichisgWhatishappiness?Ancientandmodern,manypeoplehavemadealotofdiscussiononit.Happinessisamood,afeeling,astateofmindinwhichthedesiresoftheheartaresatisfied,ajoyfulmoodinwhichonefeelsthatlifehasgreatpleasuresandnaturallywantsthemtolast.Somepeoplegothroughlifewithoutfindinghappiness,whileothersaresurroundedbyahaloofhappiness.Thisisbecausehappypeoplehaveahearttoperceivehappiness,andapairofeyesgoodatfindinghappiness.Fortheseperson,alliswell.Behindthehouse,windasalyre;undertheeaves,rainanddewasastring;ontheroof,birdstweetlikeasong;andinthesky,moonlightaswine.Happinessissimpleandprofound,mysteriousandconcise.Soifyouwanttogethappiness,youshouldhaveamentalitylikewater,lookingforhappinessintheplain,andtastinghappinessinthesubtle.Happinessissometimesafraction,desireisthedenominator,whilegainsisthenumerator.Ifyouwantmorehappiness,thebestwayistoreducethedenominatorandincreasethenumerator.

4.單選題

Ragtimeisamusicalformthatsynthesizesfolkmelodiesandmusicaltechniquesintoabriefquadrille-likestructure,designedtobeplayed—exactlyaswritten—onthepiano.AstronganalogyexistsbetweenEuropeancomposerslikeRalphVaughanWilliams,EdvardGrieg,andAntonDvorakwhocombinedfolktunesandtheirownoriginalmaterialsinlargercompositionsandthepioneerragtimecomposersintheUnitedStates.ComposerslikeScottJoplinandlamesScottwereinasensecollectorsormusicologists,collectingdanceandfolkmusicinBlackcommunitiesandconsciouslyshapingitintobriefsuitesoranthologiescalledpianorags.

Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.

Theclassicformulaforthepianoragdisposesthreetofivethemesinsixteenth-barstrains,oftenorganizedwithrepeats.Theragopenswithabright,memorablestrainortheme,followedbyasimilartheme,leadingtoatrioofmarkedlyricalcharacter,withthestructureconcludedbyalyricalstrainthatparallelstherhythmicdevelopmentsoftheearlierthemes.Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner,endingonanoteoftriumphorexhilaration.

Typically,eachstrainisdividedintotwo8-barsegmentsthatareessentiallyalike,sotherhythmic-melodicunitofragtimeisonlyeightbarsof2/4measure.Therefore,themesmustbebriefwithclear,sharpmelodicfigures.Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass—inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.

Ragtimeremainsdistinctfromjazzbothasaninstrumentalstyleandasagenre.Ragtimestylestressesapatternofrepeatedrhythms,nottheconstantinventionsandvariationsofjazz.Asagenre,ragtimerequiresstrictattentiontostructure,notinventivenessorvirtuosity.Itexistsasatradition,asetofconventions,abodyofwrittenscores,separatefromtheindividualplayersassociatedwithit.Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.

1.Accordingtothepassage,eachofthefollowingisacharacteristicofragtimecompositionsthatfollowtheclassicragtimeformulaEXCEPT（

）.

2.Theauthorrejectstheargumentthatragtimeisamechanicalmusicbecausethatargument

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheessentialnatureofragtimehasbeenobscuredbycommentariesbasedon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingismostnearlyanalogousinsourceandartisticcharactertoaragtimecompositionasdescribedinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.syncopation

B.abasslinedistinctfromthemelodicline

C.risingrhythmic-melodicintensity

D.fulldevelopmentofmusicalthemes

問題2選項

A.improperlyidentifiescommercialragtimemusicwiththesubtlerclassicragtimestyle.

B.doesnotaccuratelydescribethesoundofragtimepianolamusic.

C.confusesthemeansofrecordingandtheessentialcharacterofthemusic.

D.exaggeratestheinfluenceoftheperformancestyleofprofessionalragtimeplayersonthereputationofthegenre.

問題3選項

A.thewayragtimemusicwasfirstrecorded

B.themusicalsourcesusedbyScottJoplinandJamesScott

C.thedancefashionsthatwerecontemporaryragtime

D.earlyreviewers’accountsofcharacteristicstructure

問題4選項

A.Symphonicmusicderivedfromcomplexjazzmotifs.

B.Anexperimentalnovelbasedonwell-knowncartooncharacters.

C.Adramaticproductioninwhichactorsinventscenesandimproviselines.

D.Aballetwhosedisciplinedchoreographyisbasedonfolk-dancesteps.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？題干問的是根據(jù)這篇文章，除了哪一項外，下面的每一個都是拉格泰姆作品的一個特征？定位到第四段中Notconcernedwithdevelopmentofmusicalthemes,theragtimecomposerinsteadsetsathemedownintact,infinishedform,andlinksittovariousrelatedthemes.Tensioninragtimecompositionsarisesfromapolaritybetweentwobasicingredients:acontinuousbass―calledbyjazzmusiciansaboom-chickbass~inthepianist’slefthand,anditsmelodic,syncopatedcounterpartintherighthand.拉格泰姆作曲家不關(guān)心音樂主題的發(fā)展，而是完整地、完整地設(shè)定一個主題，并把它與各種相關(guān)的主題聯(lián)系起來。拉格泰姆樂曲的張力來自于兩種基本元素之間的對立:鋼琴師左手彈連續(xù)低音(爵士音樂家稱之為“boom-chickbass”)和右手彈有旋律的切分低音?？芍狣項“音樂主題的全面發(fā)展”不是拉格泰姆作曲的特點，故D項正確。A項“切分音”和B項“與旋律線不同的低音線”，C項“旋律強度不斷上升”這段均有提及。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中Ithassometimesbeenchargedthatragtimeismechanical.Forinstance,WilfredMellerscomments,“ragsweretransferredtothepianolarolland,evenifnotplayedbyamachine,shouldbeplayedlikeamachine,withmeticulousprecision.”However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.Ragtime’sisnotamechanicalprecision,anditisnotprecisionlimitedtothestyleofperformance.Itarisesfromragtime’sfollowingawell-definedformandobeyingsimpleruleswithinthatform.有時有人指責(zé)拉格泰姆是機械的。例如，威爾弗雷德?米勒斯評論道，“拉格泰姆被轉(zhuǎn)移到自動鋼琴上，即使不是機器演奏，也應(yīng)該像機器演奏一樣具有細致的精確度?！比欢?，我們沒有理由僅僅因為商業(yè)制造者對拉格泰姆音樂使用了機械錄音的方法（這是當(dāng)時記錄鋼琴演奏的唯一方法）就認為拉格泰姆本身就是機械的。拉格泰姆音樂不是機械的精度，也不局限于精度的表現(xiàn)風(fēng)格。它源于拉格泰姆遵循的一種定義明確的形式，并在該形式中遵循簡單的規(guī)則。可知C項“混淆了錄音的手段和音樂的本質(zhì)特征”正確。D項“夸大了專業(yè)的拉格泰姆音樂演奏者表演風(fēng)格對這種音樂流派的影響”，A項“錯誤地將商業(yè)拉格泰姆音樂與更微妙的古典拉格泰姆風(fēng)格區(qū)分開來”；B項“沒有準(zhǔn)確地描述拉格泰姆鋼琴音樂的聲音”；文中均未提及，故答案C

3.判斷推理題。題干問：從文中可推斷出拉格泰姆音樂的本質(zhì)被基于什么基礎(chǔ)上的評論所遮蔽？定位到第二段中“However,thereisnoreasontoassumethatragtimeisinherentlymechanicalsimplybecausecommercialmanufacturersappliedamechanicalrecordingmethodtoragtime,theonlywaytorecordpianosatthatdate.然而，沒有理由僅僅因為商業(yè)制造商對拉格泰姆使用了一種機械錄音方法，就認為拉格泰姆本身就是機械的，這是當(dāng)時唯一一種錄制鋼琴的方法?！笨芍捎诶裉┠酚昧艘环N機械錄音法，故A項正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干問：下列哪一項在來源和藝術(shù)特征上與文中描述的拉格泰姆樂曲最為相似?A項“從復(fù)雜的爵士主題中衍生出來的交響樂?！?；B項“一部以著名卡通人物為原型的實驗性小說”；C項“演員們創(chuàng)造場景并即興創(chuàng)作臺詞的一種戲劇作品”；D項“以民間舞蹈為基礎(chǔ)的有紀律的舞蹈編排的芭蕾舞”。定位到第三段中“Theaimofthestructureistorisefromonethemetoanotherinastair-stepmanner拉格泰姆結(jié)構(gòu)的目的是要以階梯狀的方式從一個主題上升到另一個主題······與最后一段中“Inthissenseragtimeismoreakintofolkmusicofthenineteenthcenturythantojazz.從這個意義上說，拉格泰姆音樂更像是十九世紀的民間音樂，而不是爵士樂。由此對應(yīng)可推知有“folk-dancesteps民間舞蹈步伐”的D項正確。

5.單選題

In（

）ofMr.Mainwaring’syearsofservice,thecompanypresentedhimwithagoldwatch.

問題1選項

A.contradiction

B.appreciation

C.confrontation

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)下文可以推測,這是為了表達感謝,所以選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Twocenturieshave（）tomeetinsmallerworkinggroupsanddeepennegotiationsovertheNorth’snuclear.

問題1選項

A.persisted

B.pledged

C.asserted

D.petitioned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。persist“堅持”；pledge“發(fā)誓”；assert“聲稱”；petition“請愿”。本句意為“兩個世紀以來，他們堅持以較小的工作小組開會，就朝鮮的核問題深化談判”，較小的工作會議形式需要堅持進行，因此選項A正確。

7.單選題

Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand（

）efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.extend

C.defend

D.possess

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項secure“保護（使免受危險或失?。?，提供保證；獲得，取得”；B選項extend“延伸，擴大”；C選項defend“防護，辯護，防衛(wèi)”；D選項possess“占有，擁有；纏住，迷住”。句意：本打算用來擴大出口基地從而有效地從國際貿(mào)易中獲得效益的資金卻用到了沒有經(jīng)濟效益的進口貿(mào)易中去了。根據(jù)句意可知，且選項中能與gains搭配的只有secure，故A選項正確。

8.單選題

Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.

問題1選項

A.prolific

B.sedentary

C.sluggish

D.measured

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prolific“多產(chǎn)的，豐富的”；B選項sedentary“定居的，靜坐的”；C選項sluggish“蕭條的，遲鈍的”；D選項measured“量過的，慎重的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息“hibernators”以及后半句“通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長”可知，填空處應(yīng)指代謝率相對緩慢，所以選項C符合語境。句意：代謝率相對緩慢的物種，包括冬眠動物，通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長。選項C正確。

9.不定項選擇題

SomerecenthistorianshavearguedthatlifeintheBritishcoloniesinAmericafromapproximately1763to1789wasmarkedbyinternalconflictsamongcolonists.Inheritorsofsomeoftheviewpointsofearlytwentieth-century.ProgressivehistorianssuchasBeardandBecker,theserecenthistorianshaveputforwardargumentsthatdeserveevaluation.

Thekindofconflictmostemphasizedbythesehistoriansisclassconflict.YetwiththeRevolutionaryWardominatingtheseyears,howdoesonedistinguishclassconflictwithinthatlargerconflict?Certainlynotbythesideapersonsupported.AlthoughmanyofthesehistorianshaveacceptedtheearlierassumptionthatLoyalistsrepresentedanupperclass,newevidenceindicatesthatLoyalists,likerebels,weredrawnfromallsocioeconomicclasses.(Itisnonethelessprobablytruethatalargerpercentageofthewell-to-dojoinedtheLoyaliststhanjoinedtherebels.)Lookingattherebelside,wefindlittleevidenceforthecontentionthatlower-classrebelswereinconflictwithupper-classrebels.Indeed,thewareffortagainstBritaintendedtosuppressclassconflicts.Whereitdidnot,thedisputingrebelsofoneoranotherclassusuallybecameLoyalists.Loyalismthusoperatedasasafetyvalvetoremovesocioeconomicdiscontentthatexistedamongtherebels.Disputesoccurred,ofcourse,amongthosewhoremainedontherebelside,buttheextraordinarysocialmobilityofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety(withtheobviousexceptionofslaves)usuallypreventedsuchdisputesfromhardeningalongclasslines.Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatisticssuggestanarrowingofeconomicopportunityasthelatterhalfofthecenturyprogressed-thattotalkaboutsocialclassesatallrequirestheuseoflooseeconomiccategoriessuchasrich,poor,andmiddleclass,oreighteenth-centurydesignationslike“thebettersort”.Despitethesevaguecategories,oneshouldnotclaimunequivocallythathostilitybetweenrecognizableclassescannotbelegitimatelyobserved.OutsideofNewYork,however,therewereveryfewinstancesofopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

Havingsaidthis,however,onemustaddthatthereismuchevidencetosupportthefurtherclaimofrecenthistoriansthatsectionalconflictswerecommonbetween1763and1789.“ThePaxtonBoys”incidentandtheRegulatormovementarerepresentativeexamplesofthewidespread,andjustified,discontentofwesternsettlersagainstcolonialorstategovernmentsdominatedbyeasterninterests.Althoughundertonesofclassconflictexistedbeneathsuchhostility,theoppositionwasprimarilygeographical.Sectionalconflict-whichalsoexistedbetweenNorthandSouth-deservesfurtherinvestigation.

Insummary,historiansmustbecarefulaboutthekindofconflicttheyemphasizeineighteenth-centuryAmerica.Yetthosewhostresstheachievementofageneralconsensusamongthecolonistscannotfullyunderstandthatconsensuswithoutunderstandingtheconflictsthathadtobeovercomeorrepressedinordertoreachit.

1.TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.

5.Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardandBecker”(lines5-6)inorderto____.

問題1選項

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.

問題2選項

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.

問題3選項

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.

問題4選項

A.IandIVonly

B.IIandIIIonly

C.IIIandIVonly

D.I,II,andIIIonly

E.I,II,III,andIV

問題5選項

A.isolatethetwohistorianswhoseworkismostrepresentativeoftheviewpointsofProgressivehistorians

B.emphasizetheneedtofindconnectionsbetweenrecenthistoricalwritingandtheworkofearlierhistorians

C.makeacasefortheimportanceoftheviewsoftheProgressivehistoriansconcerningeighteenth-centuryAmericanlife

D.suggestthatProgressivehistorianswerethefirsttodiscovertheparticularinternalconflictsineighteenth-centuryAmericanlifementionedinthepassage

E.pointouthistorianswhoseviewsofhistoryanticipatedsomeoftheviewsoftherecenthistoriansmentionedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:E

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

TheauthorsuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttherepresentativenessofcolonialorstategovernmentsinAmericafrom1763to1789?關(guān)于1763年至1789年美國殖民政府或州政府的代表性，作者建議下列哪個選項？

A.Thegovernmentsinadequatelyrepresentedtheinterestsofpeopleinwesternregions.A.政府沒有充分代表西部地區(qū)人民的利益。

B.Thegovernmentsmoreoftenrepresentedclassintereststhansectionalinterests.B.政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益。

C.Thegovernmentswerelessrepresentativethantheyhadbeenbefore1763.C.政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性。

D.Thegovernmentsweredominatedbytheinterestsofpeopleofanuppersocioeconomicclass.D.政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟階級的利益所支配。

E.Thegovernmentsofthenortherncolonieswerelessrepresentativethanwerethegovernmentsofthesoutherncolonies.E.北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段，該處講到“1763年至1789年間，派系沖突很常見”，還講“西方定居者普遍而合理地不滿于由東方利益主導(dǎo)的殖民地或州政府”。換言之，政府沒有充分地代表西方的利益。比對選項，A選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“政府更多地代表階級利益而不是地方利益”，倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性，但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”，因此更多地代表地區(qū)性利益，B選項屬于反向干擾；

C選項“政府沒有1763年以前那么有代表性”，文中沒有提到，C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“政府被上層社會經(jīng)濟階級的利益所支配”，文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

E選項“北方殖民地的政府不如南方殖民地的政府有代表性”，文中倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“區(qū)域沖突——也存在于北方和南方之間——值得進一步調(diào)查?！辈]有直接說明，因此屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutsectionalconflictsinAmericabetween1763and1789?根據(jù)文章，下列哪項是關(guān)于美國1763年至1789年之間地區(qū)沖突的真實陳述？

A.Theseconflictswereinstigatedbyeasterninterestsagainstwesternsettlers.A.這些沖突是由東方利益集團反對西方定居者挑起的。

B.TheseconflictswerethemostseriouskindofconflictinAmerica.B.這些沖突是美國最嚴重的沖突。

C.Theseconflictseventuallyledtoopenlyexpressedclassantagonism.C.這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達的階級對立。

D.Theseconflictscontainedanelementofclasshostility.D.這些沖突中含有階級敵對的成分。

E.Theseconflictsweremotivatedbyclassconflicts.E.這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第二段，該處講到“盡管在這種敵意之下存在著階級沖突的隱蔽性，但這種對立主要是地區(qū)性的”。換言之，這種沖突含有隱蔽的階級性。比對選項，D選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“這些沖突是由東方利益集團反對西方定居者挑起的”，文中倒數(shù)第二段說西方定居者不滿東方，且并沒有說這些沖突是由東方利益集團挑起的。A選項為相反選項，屬于無中生有；

B選項“這些沖突是美國最嚴重的沖突”，并沒有說是最嚴重的沖突。B選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“這些沖突最終導(dǎo)致了公開表達的階級對立”，文中提到“在紐約以外，公開表達階級對立的例子卻很少”，C選項屬于反向干擾；

E選項“這些沖突是由階級沖突引起的”，文中提到東西區(qū)域沖突是由不滿足利益引起的。所以并不是由階級沖突引起的。E選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingsocioeconomicclassandsupportfortherebelandLoyalistcausesduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar?從文章中可以推斷出，作者最可能同意下列哪項關(guān)于美國革命戰(zhàn)爭期間的社會經(jīng)濟階級和對反叛和保皇黨事業(yè)的支持的陳述？

A.Identifyingaperson’ssocioeconomicclassistheleastaccuratemethodofascertainingwhichsidethatpersonsupported.A.確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準(zhǔn)確的方法。

B.IdentifyingapersonasamemberoftherebeloroftheLoyalistsidedoesnotnecessarilyrevealthatperson'sparticularsocioeconomicclass.B.認定一個人是叛逆者或保皇派的成員并不一定表明這個人的特定社會經(jīng)濟階層。

C.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtherewerefewerdisputesamongsocioeconomicclassesontheLoyalistside.C.叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管保皇派社會經(jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少。

D.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughtheLoyalistsidewasmadeupprimarilyofmembersoftheupperclasses.D.叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管?；逝芍饕缮蠈与A級的成員組成。

E.BoththerebelandtheLoyalistsidescontainedmembersofallsocioeconomicclasses,althoughmanyupper-classrebelseventuallyjoinedtheLoyalists.E.叛軍和?；庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了?；庶h。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段，該處講到“新的證據(jù)表明，?；庶h像反叛者一樣，來自所有社會經(jīng)濟階層”。換言之，社會經(jīng)濟階層大幅度參與了兩派，兩黨都有來自社會經(jīng)濟階層的人。比對選項，B選項恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“確定一個人的社會經(jīng)濟階層是確定這個人支持哪一方的最不準(zhǔn)確的方法”，文中只是說社會經(jīng)濟階層開始在兩黨之間流動。A選項屬于過度推斷；

C選項“叛軍和?；逝啥加猩鐣?jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管保皇派社會經(jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少”，文中沒有提到?；逝缮鐣?jīng)濟階層之間的爭端較少，C選項屬于無中生有；

D選項“叛軍和保皇派都有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管保皇派主要由上層階級的成員組成”，文中提到“盡管許多歷史學(xué)家接受了早期的假設(shè)，即?；庶h代表上層階級，但新的證據(jù)表明，?；庶h像反叛者一樣，來自所有社會經(jīng)濟階層”，該選項無中生有；

E選項“叛軍和保皇黨雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，盡管許多上層叛軍最終加入了保皇黨”，文中沒有說到上層叛軍加入了保皇黨，E選項無中生有。

4.【選項釋義】

Thepassagesuggeststhattheauthorwouldbelikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesocialstructureofeighteenth-centuryAmericansociety?

I.Itallowedgreatereconomicopportunitythanitdidsocialmobility.

II.Itpermittedgreatereconomicopportunitypriorto1750thanafter1750.

III.Itdidnotcontainrigidlydefinedsocioeconomicdivisions.

IV.Itpreventedeconomicdisputesfromarisingamongmembersofthesociety.這篇文章表明，作者可能同意下列關(guān)于18世紀美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)的陳述中的哪一種？

1.它帶來了更多的經(jīng)濟機會，而不是社會流動性。

2.它使得1750年之前的經(jīng)濟機會比1750年之后更多。

3.它沒有包含嚴格定義的社會經(jīng)濟劃分。

4.它防止了社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟糾紛。

A.IandIVonlyA.只有I和IV

B.IIandIIIonlyB.僅限II及III

C.IIIandIVonlyC.僅III及IV

D.I,II,andIIIonlyD.只有I,II和III

E.I,II,III,andIVE.I,II,III,和IV

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知在18世紀美國社會結(jié)構(gòu)中，兩黨中都有社會經(jīng)濟階層。這有利于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，叛軍和?；庶h雙方都包含了所有社會經(jīng)濟階層的成員，沒有嚴格的社會經(jīng)濟劃分。因此II和III正確。選B。

【干擾項排除】

I中，不僅帶來更多的社會發(fā)展機會，而且促進了社會流動性。因為文中說到社會結(jié)構(gòu)事實上是如此具有流動性（Socialstructurewasinfactsofluid-thoughrecentstatistics）。所以I錯誤。

IV中，防止社會成員之間發(fā)生經(jīng)濟糾紛，兩黨之間都有不同的社會經(jīng)濟階層成員，不可能沒有經(jīng)濟糾紛。所以IV錯誤。

5.【選項釋義】

Theauthormostlikelyrefersto“historianssuchasBeardan