2017年12月英語四級真題及答案卷一

2017年12月英語四級及答一PartIWriting(25Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180PartIIListeningComprehension(25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)HerfriendErika.C)HerB)Herlittlebrother.D)HerA)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)BysellinglemonadeandB)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)ByaskingforhelponsocialQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)FindingcheaperwaysofhighwayGeneratingelectricpowerforpassingProvidingcleanenergytofivemillionTestingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarA)TheycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalTheycanbelaidrightontopofexistingTheyareonlyabouthalfaninchTheyaremadefromcheapQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustA)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)InadequatefundingforB)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)ThelackofcluesabouttheA)ToobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalToidentifythereasonsforthelions’TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandTofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ostA)Lionswalking.C)SomecamB)Lions’tracks.D)TrapssetbylocalSectionDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Atofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Her‘luckybirthday’.C)HerweddingB)Acallfromherdad.D)AspecialgiftfromtheA)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)TookheronatripB)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)ThrewherasurpriseA)ThegiftherhusbandhasThetripherhusbandhasWhathasbeentroublingherWhatherhusbandandthemanareupA)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidayHe lthewomenthesecretifherhusbandHeiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsHewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TheyaresensitivetothedynamicsofaTheyseetheimportanceofmakingTheyknowwhentoadoptatoughTheytaketherival’sattitudeintoA)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)TheyknowwhentomakeB)Theyknowwhentostop.D)TheyknowhowtocontroltheirA)Theyarepatient.C)TheylearnB)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)TheyupholdtheirA)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sB)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)GettoknowtheotherSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.At eachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramWhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasHowmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillHowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonA)They ycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingTheydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterTheytriedtomeetastronauts'specificTheytriedtomakebestuseofthelatestA)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)They madeinB)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)TheywereinventedintheQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoPeoplehadplentyoflandtocultivateItmarkedthebeginningofsomethingEverythingwasnaturalandgenuineA)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)TheyhadallkindsofB)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)PolishingallthesilverB)Furnishinghercountryhouse. ngneedleworkbytheQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)TrytofollowyourfootprintsA)YoumayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingYoumayexposeyourselftounexpectedYoumaygetdrownedinasuddenYoumayendupenteringaA)Lookforfood.C)StartaB)Waitpatiently.D)WalkA)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)CheckthelocalB)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)FindamapandaPartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereis sagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29 memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly32.Insidearat'snoseareupto1,000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptorswhereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect33smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTBWhentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisTraditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoread sagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.n-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyResearchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultima ybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.satColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultima ylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialworkskill.”Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsider ngso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofschoolstorefrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandMostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Atative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(說出)yourthoughts,theyshouldbeaHowstudents yhandlestressmaydependonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation等式inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.OurfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschoolAlothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalready ,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,”heresponded.Itseemstomethompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthen ngtheactualtestinclassthetickingclockoverhead.Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.ElderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesinSomebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultima ymorehelpfultostudents.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginTheauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsatStudentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyDifferentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofMostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsontypeofcoursebeingTheauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsSomestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreeSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingThatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleeinadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“ effect.Ifa staysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthe -nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbe ngthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellon nightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleelessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthe nightonlythelefthemispheresoftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresCuriousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironmentDrSasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleeparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鳴聲)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenightSheworkedoutthatifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.ThisispreciselywhatsheWhatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingabout -nightTowhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)InwhatwayitcanbeWhatdowelearnaboutDr.Yuka ngherShefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileShefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsandSheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleeWhatdidDr.Sasakidowhen didherShemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleeinanewSherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.ShetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumanWhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherSheyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonSherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedSheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentShecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentWhatdidDr.SasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherTheytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanTheytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasaTheyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularTheydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregularPassageQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingIt’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandle atwork.Beingoverworkedor mittedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.DidyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelNearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reported“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentThismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisisrangewhenwomenhavechildren.It'salsorangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeableto tallvolunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortuna y,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheirAttheworkplace, asawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoid orstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmedia resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheofwhat'stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem-evenifthat ngtheboringworkThisdifferenceinhandling couldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely–includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateWhatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithTheyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoTheyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanontheTheytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldTheytendtopushthemselvesthelimitsoftheirWhydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?TheystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandTheyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaTheydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirTheyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyWhatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerTheirunwillingnesstosayTheirdesiretobeconsideredAnunderestimateoftheirownAlackofcouragetofaceMenandwomandifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplacesinthat womentendtobeeasilymenaregenerallymorementendtoput alwomenare orereadytoWhatisimportanttoagoodA ality.C)ThecouragetoadmitTheabilitytodelegate.D)AstrongsenseofPartⅣTranslation(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet90PartIWritingRecentyears,therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatientshasbeenaheatedtopic.However,withtheincreasinglyseriousphysician-patientrelationship,itisimportanttofindoutsomewaystosolvetheproblem.Therefore,somemeasuresmentionedbelowarethemostimportantaspectsthatweshouldtakeintoconsideration.Ontheonehand,itisindispensablethatcommunicationbetweendoctorandpatientsshouldbestrengthenedduetothethefactthatdoctor-patientcommunicationcanbeseenasabridgeoftwo-waycommunicationbetweendoctorsandpatients,whichisbeneficialforthemtoimprovetheirrelationship.Asamatteroffact,althoughsometimestherearesomedefectsinmedicalinfrastructure,patientscanmakeallowanceforthemfriendlyfortheirgoodrelationship.Ontheotherhand,themostimportantcharacterdoctorshouldhaveisprofessionalethicsthatistheforemostwaytogaintrustfrompatients.Allinall,itishightimethatbothhospitalsandpatientsshouldtakesomestepstodealwithcurrentpoorrelationship.Onlyinthisway,canwecreateaharmonioussociety.PartIIListening1.B)Herlittle2.C)Bysellinglemonadeand3.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillion4.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexisting5.A)Endlessfightinginthe6.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ost7.B)Lions’8.A)Her‘lucky9.D)Threwherasurprise10.B)Thetripherhusbandhas11.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturns12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofa13.B)Theyknowwhento14.C)Theylearn15.D)Gettoknowtheother16.D)Howspaceresearchbenefitspeopleon17.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouter18.A)Theyareextremely19.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomething20.A)Theybelievedinworkingfor ngneedleworkbythe22.C)Sitdowna