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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題
Doyourememberlastsummer,whenfurioustravelerswerepoundingonCongresstodosomethingaboutairlinecustomerservice?Airlinespromisedtoimprove,andtheyadoptednewstandardsjustbeforeChristmas.Butasanothersummernears,plentyofexperiencedtravelersdon’tseemuchimprovementincustomerserviceoverall.
Thismonth,theDepartmentofTransportation’s(DOT)inspectorgeneral’sofficewillissueitsfirstcriticalarticleonwhetherairlinesarehonoringtheirpromises.Onesurveysuggestsproblems:ThenumberofcomplaintstotheDOTaboutthetop10airlinesinthefirstquartersoared89%fromayearago.
Hitlastsummerbypassengercomplaintsandthethreatofconsumer-protectionlawsbyCongress,14carriersvoluntarilyagreedtoadoptasetofbasiccustomer-servicestandardscalledCustomersFirst.Fromimmediaterefundstotruthfulreservationagentstotoiletsthatflushduringonboarddelays,the“12commitments”topassengerswereintroducedasamajorefforttoimproveservice.Sincethen,airlineshavebeenredesigningwebsites,retrainingemployeesandupgradingtechnology.
Recently,DOTinspectorgeneralKennethMead,atMcCain’srequest,sent20examinerstoairportstodocumentwhethereachairlineisdoingwhatitpromised.Meadcautionstravelersshouldn’texpecttoomuch.Mostofthepromisesareaimedatbettercommunicationwithcustomers,notproblemsfreeflights.
“Wethinkpassengers,bothbusinessandleisure,perceivetravelasmoreofaquarrelthesedays,”spokeswomanShellySassonsays.“Someofthisisperception,butalotisreality.”“Andwhenimprovementsaremade,ittakesalongtimeforthemtobenoticed”,shesays.
Now,theeffortsmaybeworking.Duringthefirstquarter,Deltahadthesecond-lowestrateofcomplaintsamongthetop10carriers.Still,itsrate,alongwithothercarriers,isupfromlastyear.McCainandotherlawmakerssaynewconsumerprotectionlawsaren’toutofthequestioniftheindustry’svoluntaryprogramdoesn’twork.
56.Thepassagetellsusthat______.
57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?
58.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesentence“Someofthisisperception,butalotisreality.”(Para.5)?
59.Theauthorhaswrittenthelastparagraphmainlytomean______.
60.Inparagraph1,thephrase“poundingon”means“______”.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.passengercomplaintsincreasethoughairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairservice
B.passengercomplaintsdecreaseforairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairservice
C.airservicehasbeenimprovedgreatlythoughitishardtobenoticedbypassengers
D.airserviceneedsimprovingbadlyastheresultsofpassengercomplaints
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Governmenthassentofficialstocheckanyimprovementtheairserviceairlineshavemade.
B.Somepeoplesuggestpassengersshowmoreunderstandingtoairlinesabouttheireffortstobetterairservice.
C.Toimproveairservicedoesn’tmeanthattherewillnolongerbeanydeficienciesinairtraveling.
D.Itisthoughtthatpassengersshouldbepatientwhentheyarewaitingforanyimprovementmadebyairlines.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Somepeople’scomplaintsaboutairservicearerathersubjective,butmostpeople’sarefairlyobjective.
B.Whenpeopletravelbyair,theyusuallyquarrel,whichisafactpassengersallsee.
C.Somepeopletakeabiasedviewonairservicebecausetheydon’tseefacts.
D.Mostpeoplesawfacts,butafewpeoplefailed.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.therateofcomplaintsisgoingupinallairlinesinspiteoftheeffortstheymade
B.improvementssomeairlineshavemadearenoteffective,whichleadstomorecomplaints
C.theremaybeaneedtopasslawstoimproveairlinecustomers’service
D.somepeoplearetooaggressivewhencomplainingaboutairservicethoughairlineshavemadegreateffortsonit
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.strikingat
B.urging
C.attacking
D.soundingwithloudnoises
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】56.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
56.Thepassagetellsusthat______.56.文章告訴我們______。
A.passengercomplaintsincreasethoughairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairserviceA.盡管航空公司已經(jīng)采取措施改善航空服務(wù),乘客的投訴仍在增加
B.passengercomplaintsdecreaseforairlineshavetakenstepstoimproveairserviceB.乘客投訴減少了,因?yàn)楹娇展疽呀?jīng)采取措施改善航空服務(wù)
C.airservicehasbeenimprovedgreatlythoughitishardtobenoticedbypassengersC.航空服務(wù)已經(jīng)有了很大的改善,盡管它很難被乘客注意到
D.airserviceneedsimprovingbadlyastheresultsofpassengercomplaintsD.由于乘客投訴的結(jié)果,航空服務(wù)急需改善
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】首先,文章前兩段先講述旅客對(duì)航空公司的客戶服務(wù)的態(tài)度,以及不斷上升的投訴率;然后中間部分是對(duì)航空公司所做的一些努力的描述,最后總結(jié),雖然航空公司做出了很多努力,但是某些航空公司的投訴率仍然在上升,乘客總是將旅行視為一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵。綜合理解,文章想要告訴讀者的是,雖然航空公司做出了努力,但是乘客的投訴仍然在上升。該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)“乘客投訴減少了,因?yàn)楹娇展疽呀?jīng)采取措施改善航空服務(wù)”與原文相反,反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“航空服務(wù)已經(jīng)有了很大的改善,盡管它很難被乘客注意到”表述不全面,以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“由于乘客投訴的結(jié)果,航空服務(wù)急需改善”也與原文相反,反向干擾。
57.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?57.下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有在文章中提到?
A.Governmenthassentofficialstocheckanyimprovementtheairserviceairlineshavemade.A.政府已經(jīng)派出官員去檢查航空公司的航空服務(wù)是否有所改善。
B.Somepeoplesuggestpassengersshowmoreunderstandingtoairlinesabouttheireffortstobetterairservice.B.一些人建議乘客對(duì)航空公司改善航空服務(wù)的努力表現(xiàn)出更多的理解。
C.Toimproveairservicedoesn’tmeanthattherewillnolongerbeanydeficienciesinairtraveling.C.改善航空服務(wù)并不意味著航空旅行將不再有任何缺陷。
D.Itisthoughtthatpassengersshouldbepatientwhentheyarewaitingforanyimprovementmadebyairlines.D.人們認(rèn)為,乘客在等待航空公司做出任何改進(jìn)時(shí)應(yīng)該有耐心。
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】D選項(xiàng)“人們認(rèn)為,乘客在等待航空公司做出任何改進(jìn)時(shí)應(yīng)該有耐心”在文章中并沒(méi)有提到,所以該題選擇D項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)定位至第四段第一句“最近,在麥凱恩的要求下,美國(guó)交通部監(jiān)察長(zhǎng)肯尼斯?米德派出20名檢查人員前往機(jī)場(chǎng),記錄每家航空公司是否履行了承諾”可知,A項(xiàng)“政府已經(jīng)派出官員去檢查航空公司的航空服務(wù)是否有所改善”符合原文;
B選項(xiàng)定位文章倒數(shù)第二段“發(fā)言人雪萊?薩松說(shuō):‘我們認(rèn)為,無(wú)論是商務(wù)旅客還是休閑旅客,如今都將旅行視為一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵……而且,當(dāng)航空公司做出改進(jìn)時(shí),需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能引起注意。’”,從中可以得知,航空公司所做的一些努力要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能引起旅客的注意,所以可以推知,人們對(duì)航空公司的一些努力應(yīng)該表示理解,B項(xiàng)“一些人建議乘客對(duì)航空公司改善航空服務(wù)的努力表現(xiàn)出更多的理解”符合原文;
C選項(xiàng)定位至第四段最后兩句“米德提醒游客不要期望太多。航空公司的大多數(shù)承諾都是為了更好地與客戶溝通,而不是為了解決免費(fèi)航班的問(wèn)題?!?,理解可知,航空公司對(duì)客戶服務(wù)進(jìn)行了改善,但是這不代表會(huì)令每個(gè)客戶滿意,C項(xiàng)“改善航空服務(wù)并不意味著航空旅行將不再有任何缺陷”符合原文。
58.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
58.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtothesentence“Someofthisisperception,butalotisreality.”(Para.5)?58.下面哪個(gè)陳述的意思最接近第五段中的這句話:“有些是看法,但很多是現(xiàn)實(shí)”?
A.Somepeople’scomplaintsaboutairservicearerathersubjective,butmostpeople’sarefairlyobjective.A.有些人對(duì)航空服務(wù)的抱怨比較主觀,但大多數(shù)人是比較客觀的。
B.Whenpeopletravelbyair,theyusuallyquarrel,whichisafactpassengersallsee.B.當(dāng)人們乘飛機(jī)旅行時(shí),他們經(jīng)常吵架,這是乘客們都能看到的事實(shí)。
C.Somepeopletakeabiasedviewonairservicebecausetheydon’tseefacts.C.有些人對(duì)航空服務(wù)有偏見(jiàn),因?yàn)樗麄兛床坏绞聦?shí)。
D.Mostpeoplesawfacts,butafewpeoplefailed.D.大多數(shù)人看到了事實(shí),但少數(shù)人沒(méi)看到。
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段“發(fā)言人雪萊?薩松說(shuō):‘我們認(rèn)為,無(wú)論是商務(wù)旅客還是休閑旅客,如今都將旅行視為一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵,其中一些是人們的看法,但很多都是現(xiàn)實(shí)?!⊿omeofthisisperception,butalotisreality)”,從中可知,旅客經(jīng)常將旅行視為一場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)吵,即經(jīng)常對(duì)航空公司表示出抱怨,而后面提到一些是人們的看法,但大部分是現(xiàn)實(shí),其中perception本身就是“感覺(jué)、感知”的意思;綜合理解,可以推斷,Someofthisisperception,butalotisreality這句話的意思是說(shuō)“有些人對(duì)航空公司的抱怨是主觀上的,但大部分還是很客觀”,A項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們乘飛機(jī)旅行時(shí),他們經(jīng)常吵架,這是乘客們都能看到的事實(shí)”、C選項(xiàng)“有些人對(duì)航空服務(wù)有偏見(jiàn),因?yàn)樗麄兛床坏绞聦?shí)”和D選項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)人看到了事實(shí),但少數(shù)人沒(méi)看到”理解錯(cuò)誤,曲解原文。
59.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
59.Theauthorhaswrittenthelastparagraphmainlytomean______.59.作者寫(xiě)的最后一段主要是想表達(dá)______。
A.therateofcomplaintsisgoingupinallairlinesinspiteoftheeffortstheymadeA.盡管所有航空公司都做出了努力,但他們的投訴率仍在上升
B.improvementssomeairlineshavemadearenoteffective,whichleadstomorecomplaintsB.一些航空公司所做的改進(jìn)并不有效,這導(dǎo)致了更多的抱怨
C.theremaybeaneedtopasslawstoimproveairlinecustomers’serviceC.或許有必要通過(guò)法律來(lái)改善航空公司客戶的服務(wù)
D.somepeoplearetooaggressivewhencomplainingaboutairservicethoughairlineshavemadegreateffortsonitD.有些人在抱怨航空服務(wù)時(shí)過(guò)于咄咄逼人,盡管航空公司已經(jīng)做出了很大的努力
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】定位至文章最后一段,最后一句提到“如果行業(yè)的自愿項(xiàng)目不起作用,新的消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法也不是不可能(newconsumerprotectionlawsaren’toutofthequestion)”,理解可知,最后一句表達(dá)的意思是“如果航空公司所做的一些努力沒(méi)有用的話,旅客或許可以選擇法律來(lái)保障自己的權(quán)益”,C項(xiàng)符合這一描述。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“盡管所有航空公司都做出了努力,但他們的投訴率仍在上升”定位最后一段中間兩句“在第一季度,達(dá)美航空的投訴率在十大航空公司中排名第二。盡管如此,與其他航空公司相比,它的投訴率仍有所提高?!?,從中我們得知,不是所有的航空公司的投訴率仍在上升,所以該項(xiàng)曲解原文;
B選項(xiàng)“一些航空公司所做的改進(jìn)并不有效,這導(dǎo)致了更多的抱怨”中的someairlines(一些航空公司)同樣曲解原文;
D選項(xiàng)“有些人在抱怨航空服務(wù)時(shí)過(guò)于咄咄逼人,盡管航空公司已經(jīng)做出了很大的努力”,文中并沒(méi)有提到有人在抱怨時(shí)咄咄逼人,最后一段只是提及投訴率仍有所上升,該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
60.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
60.Inparagraph1,thephrase“poundingon”means”______”.60.在第一段中,詞組“poundingon”的意思是“______”。
A.strikingatA.襲擊,攻擊
B.urgingB.力促,竭力主張
C.attackingC.攻擊,抨擊
D.soundingwithloudnoisesD.發(fā)出很大的聲音
【考查點(diǎn)】詞義推測(cè)題。
【解題思路】首先,定位至文章第一句“你還記得去年夏天,憤怒的旅客(furioustravelers)poundingon國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)航空公司的客戶服務(wù)采取措施嗎(todosomething)?”,從furious可以看出,旅客的情緒特別強(qiáng)烈;后面提到todosomething可推測(cè),旅客要求國(guó)會(huì)對(duì)航空公司采取一些行動(dòng),綜合理解可知,poundingon指的是“強(qiáng)烈要求”,故B項(xiàng)正確。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“襲擊,攻擊”、C選項(xiàng)“攻擊,抨擊”和D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)出很大的聲音”理解錯(cuò)誤,曲解原文。
2.單選題
Afteranumberofdisagreementswiththecommittee,thehelplesschairman().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.retired
B.dismissed
C.deserted
D.resigned
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retire“退休;離開(kāi);收回”;B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散;解雇;不予理會(huì)”;C選項(xiàng)desert“遺棄;放棄;逃跑”;D選項(xiàng)resign“辭去職務(wù);放棄;委托;使聽(tīng)從”。句意:在與委員會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多分歧后,這位無(wú)助的主席辭去了自己的職務(wù)。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)義,D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
Thetradeunionsinthisindustryare(
)anyreductioninwages.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.objectingagainst
B.opposedto
C.resistingagainst
D.reactedto
【答案】B
【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“anyreductioninwages工資的任何減少”和四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成選擇固定搭配“beopposedtosth反對(duì)某事”的B項(xiàng)正確。英語(yǔ)中一般不用“objectagainst”或“resistagainst”的搭配;英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有“bereactedtosth.”這種搭配,一般用“reactedtosth.對(duì)某事起反應(yīng)”。句意為:這個(gè)行業(yè)的工會(huì)反對(duì)任何減薪。故正確答案選B。
4.單選題
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendly,courteous,andhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.Tobefair,thisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadians,andshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereare,ofcourse,exceptions.Small-mindedofficials,rudewaiters,andill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.
Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountry,atravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversion,andbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.
Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhim,therewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomeday,remember,youmightbeinthesamesituation.
Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationsthatspecializedinhelpingthewearytraveler.Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS,especiallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.Iwasjusttravelingthrough,gottalkingwiththisAmerican,andprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner—amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificial,butastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.
Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.And,ofcourse,speakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.Forexample,whenanAmericanusesthewordfriend,theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.Yet,beingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.
1.Theword“observation”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans(
).
2.Peopleinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertaintravelersbecausethesestrangerswould
(
).
3.Nowadaysthetraditionoffriendlinesstostrangers
(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
5.Fromthelastparagraphofthepassagewehavelearnedthat(
).
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.attention.
B.watchfulness.
C.survey.
D.opinion.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.bringgoodnewsfromoutsideworld.
B.helplocalssolvetheirproblems.
C.bringachangetothelifeinthesettlements.
D.requiresadifferentdefinition.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.isstillprevailing.
B.canrarelybeseen
C.iswadingfast
D.requiresadifferentdefinition
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Peoplearestillfondoftravelingtoremoteplaces.
B.Foreigntravelersnowkeepawayfrombusytouristtrails.
C.Thereisnocharitableorganizationinsmallcities.
D.ForeignvisitorstotheUShavetroubleunderstandingAmerican’sfriendliness.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theabilityofspeakingaforeignlanguageimpliesabetterunderstandingofitsculture
B.variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends
C.cultureexercisesagreatinfluenceonsocialinterrelationships
D.courteousconventionandindividualinterestarecloselyinterrelated
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,“observation”指的是上文所提及的認(rèn)為大多數(shù)美國(guó)人和加拿大人友好,禮貌和樂(lè)于助人的觀點(diǎn)。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,邊境地區(qū)人們的生活通常是單調(diào)乏味的,所以他們喜歡招待旅行者或陌生人,因?yàn)檫@些陌生人和旅行者不僅帶來(lái)了消遣,還帶來(lái)了外部世界的消息。也就是說(shuō),給他們的生活帶來(lái)了些許改變,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A表述太片面;選項(xiàng)B和D在文中沒(méi)有提及。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Yet,theoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUS...”招待陌生人的古老傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍然非常盛行。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommon,butarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.”到美國(guó)旅游的人持有這樣的觀點(diǎn)并不罕見(jiàn),但并不總是能夠正確的理解。也就是說(shuō),到美國(guó)來(lái)旅游的游客很難理解美國(guó)人的友好。選項(xiàng)D與原文表述一致,所以正確。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,第一句為本段的主旨句“Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptions,andconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.”正如任何發(fā)達(dá)社會(huì)一樣,在美國(guó),一系列復(fù)雜的文化特征,信念和習(xí)俗構(gòu)成了所有社會(huì)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)。也就是說(shuō),文化對(duì)社會(huì)關(guān)系有很大的影響。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
5.單選題
Wehopethestudentswould(
)theinformationcontainedinthelecture.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.associate
B.understand
C.assimilate
D.assess
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。associate意為“聯(lián)系”;understand意為“理解”;assimilate意為“吸收,消化”;assess意為“評(píng)定”。
句意:我們希望學(xué)生們能掌握講座中保護(hù)的信息。
6.單選題
Tightshoes(
)myfeet.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.irritate
B.smart
C.ache
D.bruise
【答案】D
【解析】考查詞義辨析。Irritate“激怒;使興奮”,動(dòng)詞;smart“聰明的”,形容詞;ache“疼痛”,名詞;bruise“擦傷”,名詞或者動(dòng)詞。句意:這雙鞋子太緊了,把我的腳給擦傷了。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
7.單選題
The______ofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.essence
B.texture
C.content
D.threshold
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)essence“本質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì)”;B選項(xiàng)texture“質(zhì)地,手感”;C選項(xiàng)content“內(nèi)容”;D選項(xiàng)threshold“門(mén)檻,入口,開(kāi)始”。根據(jù)thescientificattitude可知A選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)義。句意:科學(xué)態(tài)度的本質(zhì)是人類(lèi)的思維能夠成功地理解宇宙。
8.單選題
IV.CriminalLaw
Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個(gè)社會(huì)化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.
Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國(guó)司法部長(zhǎng),后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”
AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”
WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.
Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.
63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.
64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?
65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.
66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.
B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.
C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.
D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.
B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.
C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.
D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors
B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit
C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit
D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.satisfied
B.ataloss
C.worried
D.concerned
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:C
【解析】63.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個(gè)例子,第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動(dòng),但是檢察官?zèng)Q定不起訴他,第二個(gè)例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨,他從一個(gè)封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章,檢察官?zèng)Q定起訴他,艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了,結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare(事實(shí)上,只要檢察官認(rèn)定,任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))可知第一段所舉的兩個(gè)例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利,很自由,選B選項(xiàng)“檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”;A選項(xiàng)“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬(wàn)的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項(xiàng)“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及;D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了,因?yàn)樗幌氪诒O(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及,但是只是一個(gè)例子中的一個(gè)方面,并不能概括作者舉兩個(gè)例子的意圖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
64.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare(鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),如果檢察官認(rèn)定,幾乎任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))可知作者在這里想表明的問(wèn)題是檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利,很自由,選D選項(xiàng)“檢察官對(duì)被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個(gè)人的自由裁量權(quán)”,同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯(cuò)誤,原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”,A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖;B選項(xiàng)“任何美國(guó)人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問(wèn)題,第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
65.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”(正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述,在紐約南區(qū)的美國(guó)檢察官辦公室里,一個(gè)流行的游戲是給一個(gè)名人起名——特雷莎修女,或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們:“然后由初級(jí)檢察官找出一個(gè)合理的罪名來(lái)起訴他或她。這些罪行通常不是強(qiáng)奸、謀殺或你在電視節(jié)目中看到的其他罪行,而是充斥在美國(guó)法典中的令人難以置信的廣泛而模糊的罪行,就像一個(gè)法學(xué)雷區(qū))可知這個(gè)小游戲是決定如何用不尋常的罪行起訴名人,選D選項(xiàng)“普通犯罪不適合特蕾莎修女或約翰列儂”;A選項(xiàng)“在一些地方用來(lái)培訓(xùn)初級(jí)檢察官”原文未提及;B選項(xiàng)“找出特蕾莎修女可能犯下的罪行”和C選項(xiàng)“找出約翰列儂可能犯下的罪行”以偏概全,排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
66.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一段最后一句andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.(其后果是劇烈的和令人不安的)可知作者對(duì)于美國(guó)該情況是十分擔(dān)心的,選C選項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心”;A選項(xiàng)“滿意”,B選項(xiàng)“虧本”以及D選項(xiàng)“有關(guān)”都不符合原文作者的態(tài)度。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
9.單選題
Thedevelopmentofhigh-technologiesatanunprecedentedspeedhasrenderedlotsofconventionalofficejobs().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.suicidal
B.obsolete
C.available
D.profitable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)suicidal“自殺的”;B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的,廢棄的,過(guò)時(shí)的”;C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的,有空的”;D選項(xiàng)profitable“有利可圖的,有益的”。句意:高科技以前所未有的速度發(fā)展,使得許多傳統(tǒng)的辦公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技發(fā)展導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)辦公室工作過(guò)時(shí)/淘汰,B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的,廢棄的,過(guò)時(shí)的”符合題意,其他選項(xiàng)都不準(zhǔn)確。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
10.單選題
Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalled“footwearforyuppies(雅皮士,少壯高薪職業(yè)人士)”.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder-18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobics(健身操)orrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.
Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarket(高檔消費(fèi)人群)retailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto$1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Reebokshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.
Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.
Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.
1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon’tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwearforyuppies”isthat_______.
2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat________.
3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause________.
4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it_________.
5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups
B.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes
C.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimage
D.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit
B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors
C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit
D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand
B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits
C.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket
D.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork
B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores
C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts
D.stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.
B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.
C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.
D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“…allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.”,他們認(rèn)為銳步的鞋子是多樣的,適合不同的客戶群,受到不同年齡階段的歡迎。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“…continuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores…”,說(shuō)明銳步鞋只在專(zhuān)賣(mài)店、體育用品、百貨商店銷(xiāo)售,他們認(rèn)為銷(xiāo)售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的檔次影響了消費(fèi)者對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的判斷。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“…AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply…”,銳步的產(chǎn)品有時(shí)候會(huì)出乎預(yù)料的供不應(yīng)求,公司無(wú)法滿足經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商的訂單,所以限制營(yíng)銷(xiāo)商的數(shù)量。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.”,可知雖然供不應(yīng)求的問(wèn)題解決了,但是銳步還是對(duì)經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商是有選擇性的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch…Nikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.”,說(shuō)明耐克錯(cuò)誤地判斷了健美鞋的熱度,大量打折出售,是一種對(duì)市場(chǎng)行情判斷不準(zhǔn)的表現(xiàn),所以銳步認(rèn)為公司應(yīng)該正確預(yù)測(cè)市場(chǎng)新熱潮。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
11.單選題
Laboratorytestsgaveconclusive()thatthemeatpresentsnorisktohumanhealth.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.possibility
B.news
C.proof
D.fact
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性,可能的事”;B選項(xiàng)news“新聞,信息”;C選項(xiàng)proof“證明,證據(jù)”;D選項(xiàng)fact“事實(shí),實(shí)際”,句意:實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試提供了確鑿的證據(jù),證明這種肉類(lèi)對(duì)人體健康沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知,C選項(xiàng)符合句意。
12.寫(xiě)作題
Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledProsConsofBuyingaCarinnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines.
有人贊成買(mǎi)私家車(chē)
有人反對(duì)買(mǎi)私家車(chē)
我的看法
【答案】略
13.單選題
Aftercontinualbickeringonquestionsofstrategy,LifinallyexhaustedTseng’spatiencebyrefusingtodraftforhimamemorial()hetookexception.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.ofwhich
B.towhich
C.fromwhich
D.outofwhich
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。takeexceptionto“不以為然,反對(duì)”。這里是將介詞提前,和which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。句意:不停地爭(zhēng)論策略問(wèn)題后,李終于因?yàn)榫芙^為茨奧設(shè)計(jì)他……的紀(jì)念物而耗盡了茨奧的耐心。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
14.單選題
Atthattime,Americawasfacedwiththeproblemofprovidingjobsforthemany()whowerepouringintothecountry.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.emigrants
B.migrants
C.inhabitants
D.immigrants
【答案】D
【解析】考查形近近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)emigrant“移民(遷出的)”;B選項(xiàng)migrant“移居者”;C選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民”;D選項(xiàng)immigrant“移民(遷入的)”。根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)從句
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