考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto（）theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misplace

B.mock

C.maneuver

D.manifest

【答案】C

【解析】misplace放錯(cuò)地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver調(diào)動(dòng),調(diào)遣；manifest證明,顯示。句意：公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元在廣告和商業(yè)上,試圖調(diào)動(dòng)美國(guó)民眾購(gòu)買他們的產(chǎn)品。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Manypeoplehavethe___abouttheblindanddeaf.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misconceptions

B.frustration

C.confession

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misconceptions“迷思概念；錯(cuò)誤的想法”；B選項(xiàng)frustration“挫折”；C選項(xiàng)confession“懺悔；告解；供認(rèn)；表白”；D選項(xiàng)acknowledgement“承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；感謝”。句意：許多人對(duì)盲人和聾人有___。本句表達(dá)“對(duì)盲人和聾人有誤解”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ofwhich

B.withwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：教學(xué)質(zhì)量應(yīng)該以學(xué)生潛能的開發(fā)程度來(lái)衡量。橫線及其后面部分是修飾degree的定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)固定搭配tothedegree確定用介詞to，D選項(xiàng)towhich符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Tomwasaccusedof__________againstblackpersons,thatistosay,helooksdownuponthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminating

B.distinguishing

C.distressing

D.disguising

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。discriminating“歧視”；distinguishing“辨別，區(qū)分”;distressing“使痛苦，迫使”；disguising“掩飾，偽裝”。句意：湯姆被指控歧視黑人，也就是說(shuō)，他瞧不起他們。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（

）awholevarietyoftasks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:計(jì)算機(jī)可以通過(guò)編程來(lái)各種各樣的任務(wù)。

assign指派,分配;tackle處理;realize意識(shí)到;solve解決。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

6.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉烏馬拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。錄音開頭提到，他發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)塔拉烏馬拉人的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行的研究很少，于是產(chǎn)生了研究該部落的念頭，A選項(xiàng)“他發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)他們語(yǔ)言的研究幾乎沒(méi)有”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他正努力保護(hù)印第安人部落的語(yǔ)言”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“他與一名社會(huì)工作者的接觸極大地激發(fā)了他對(duì)該部落的興趣”，利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的asocialworker設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是他通過(guò)一名社會(huì)工作者與部落的成員取得了聯(lián)系，是研究該部落的一種渠道而不是研究該部落的原因，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“與Gonzalez的會(huì)面使他渴望更多地了解這個(gè)部落”，錄音中提及Copeland與Gonzalez的會(huì)面是發(fā)生在他產(chǎn)生了研究興趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)Gonzalez是如何幫助Copeland的？錄音中提到，Gonzalez帶Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充當(dāng)了中間人，D選項(xiàng)“他在Copeland和村民之間扮演著中間人的角色”符合錄音原文的表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他教Copeland說(shuō)塔拉烏馬拉人的語(yǔ)言”和C項(xiàng)“他推薦他的一位好朋友當(dāng)翻譯”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“他勸服塔拉烏馬拉人接受Copeland的禮物”，錄音只說(shuō)了塔拉烏馬拉人接受了禮物，并與大家一起分享，并沒(méi)有提及他們是否在Gonzalez的勸說(shuō)下才接受禮物，因此B選項(xiàng)也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者對(duì)JamesCopeland的塔拉烏馬拉人村落之旅的看法。錄音提到，對(duì)Copeland而言，進(jìn)入塔拉烏馬拉人的世界是一項(xiàng)艱苦的任務(wù)（alaboriousproject），因此C選項(xiàng)“艱苦的，費(fèi)勁的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)知的”；B選項(xiàng)“不合理的”和D選項(xiàng)“乏味的”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)塔拉烏馬拉部落給Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？錄音結(jié)尾提到，Copeland從他們互相分享和關(guān)心中看到了很多美好，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的分享和關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)外來(lái)者的幫助表示感激”，錄音中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們樂(lè)于適應(yīng)科技”，錄音中提到的是（塔拉烏馬拉部落的）人們拒絕科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)樽约簞?chuàng)造財(cái)富的信仰”，錄音中提及塔拉烏馬拉人不崇尚積累財(cái)富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

7.單選題

Theshipswerefoundtobeunsuitablefortheconditionsinwhichtheyhadsupposedlybeen

A

B

C

D

adapted.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobe

B.unsuitable

C.unsuitable

D.supposedly

【答案】C

【解析】考查介詞搭配。C選項(xiàng)為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，adaptto（適應(yīng)）為固定搭配，此處將介提前，因此用介詞to。

試題答案：C;towhich

8.單選題

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrossheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsex-st.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperatureradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.?softo-alenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.fweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalemainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,orecostlywellsandshallower,cooler，lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,e-ectricityand/orheat.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina()

3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto()

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspe-cificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe().

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates

D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.possibilitythatHDRsmaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.最后一段指出：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge（HDR能源基礎(chǔ)是巨大的）。A項(xiàng)“提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源”符合文意。

2.本文旨在提醒讀者HDR可作為可利用能源。所以，這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)能源可恢復(fù)性的技術(shù)期刊”上。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“averagegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（跡象表明，HDR的能源庫(kù)巨大。如果按每公里深度的地?zé)崽荻绕骄鶠?2攝氏度計(jì)算，可以得出美國(guó)1萬(wàn)公里深度的地殼巖石中所包含的總能源。）D項(xiàng)“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase”符合文意。

4.第四段指出：“Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggest

thattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.”B項(xiàng)“該地區(qū)先前試圖獲取燃油和天然氣”符合文意。

5.本文講述了HDR能源的發(fā)現(xiàn)及應(yīng)用前景，通篇的關(guān)鍵詞為HDR。D項(xiàng)最適合做文章的標(biāo)題。

9.單選題

Tworelativelyrecentindependentdevelopmentstandbehindthecurrentmajorresearch

effortonnitrogenfixation,(固氮)theprocessbywhichbacteriasymbioticallyrenderleguminous(豆科的)plantsindependentofnitrogenfertilizer,onedevelopmenthasbeentherapid,sustainedincreaseinthepriceofnitrogenfertilizer.Theotherdevelopmenthasbeentherapidgrowthofknowledgeofandtechnicalsophisticationingeneticengineering.Fertilizerprices,largelytiedtothepriceofnaturalgas，hugeamountsofwhichgointothemanufactureoffertilizer,willcontinuetorepresentanenormousandescalating,economicburdenonmodemagriculture,spurringthesearchforalternativestosynthetic(合成的)fertilizers.Andgeneticengineeringisjustthesortoffundamentalbreakthroughthatopensupprospectsofwhollynovelalternatives.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinsertingintothechromosomes(染色體)ofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.

Nitrogenfixationisaprocessinwhichcertainbacteriauseatmosphericnitrogengas,whichgreenplantcannotdirectlyutilize,toproduceammonia(氨)anitrogencompoundplantscanuse.Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.Theleguminousplantsamongthemcropplantssuchassoybeans,peas,alfalfa,andclover-havesolvedthenitrogensupplyproblembyenteringintoasymbiotic(共生的)relationshipwiththebacterialgenusRhizobium(根瘤菌);asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.

Unfortunatelymostofthemajorfoodcropsincludingmaize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.Onthecontrary,manyofthehigh-yieldinghybrid(雜種的)varietiesofthesefoodcropsbredduringtheGreenRevolutionofthe1960’swereselectedspecificallytogivehighyieldsinresponsetogenerousapplicationsofnitrogenfertilizer.Thisposesanadditionalformidablechallengetoplantgeneticists:theymustworkonenhancingfixationwithintheexistingsymbioses.Unlesstheysucceed,theyieldgainsoftheGreenRevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifthegenesinlegumesthatequipthoseplantstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated,andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes,oncetheyarefound,becomespossible.Theoveralltasklooksforbidding,butthestakesaretoohighnottoundertakeit.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereiscurrentlynostrainofRhizobiumthatcanenterintoasymbiosiswith（

）.

3.ThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingistrueofthebacterialgenusRhizobium?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwasthemostinfluentialfactorinbringingaboutintensifiedresearchonnitrogenfixation?

5.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituationdescribedbytheauthorasoneofnature’sgreatironies.(thesentenceinitalicsinparagraph2)

6.Accordingtothepassage,theultimategoalofthecurrentresearchonnitrogenfixationistodevelop（

）.

7.Theauthorregardstheresearchprogramunderdiscussionas（

）.

8.Mostnearlyparallel,initsfundamentalapproach,totheresearchprogramdescribedinthepassagewouldbeaprogramdesignedto（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exposethefragilenatureofthefoundationsonwhichthehighyieldofmodemagriculturerest.

B.arguethatgeneticengineeringpromisestoleadtoevenhigheryieldsthanareachievablewithsyntheticfertilizers.

C.arguethatthecapacityfornitrogen-fixingsymbiosesistransferabletononleguminousplants.

D.explainthereasonsforandtheobjectivesofcurrentresearchonnitrogen—fixingsymbioses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alfalfa

B.clover

C.maize

D.peas

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Rhizobiumbacteriaarefoundprimarilyinnitrogen-depletedsoils.

B.SomestrainsofRhizobiumarenotcapableofenteringintoasymbiosiswithanyplant

C.Rhizobiumbacteriaproducesomeammoniafortheirownpurposes.

D.Rhizobiumbacteriacannotsurviveoutsidetheprotectedhabitatprovidedbyhostplants.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thehighyieldoftheGreenRevolution

B.thepersistentupwardsurgeinnaturalgasprices.

C.thevarietyofRhizobiumstrains.

D.themechanizationofmodemagriculture

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thatofafarmerwhosecropshavefailedbecausethenormalmidseasonrainsdidnotmaterializeandnopreparationsforirrigationhadbeenmade.

B.Thatofalong——distancerunnerwholosesamarathonracebecauseofawrongturnthatcosthimtwentyseconds.

C.Thatofshipwreckedsailorsatseainalifeboat,withoneflaskofdrinkingwatertoshareamongthem.

D.Thatofamotoristwhorunsoutofgasamerefivemilesfromthenearestgasstation.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.strainsofRhizobiumthatcanenterintosymbioseswithexistingvarietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonleguumes

B.strainsofRhizobiumthatproducemoreammoniaforleguminoushostplantsthandoanyofthestrainspresentlyknown

C.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatyieldasmuchasdoexistingvarieties,butrequirelessnitrogen

D.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatmaintainanadequatesymbioticrelationshipwithnitrogen-fixingbacteriaandproducehighyield

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.originalandextensivebutill-definedastomethod

B.necessaryandambitiousbutvulnerabletofailure

C.cogentandworthwhilebutseverelyunderfunded

D.prohibitivelyexpensivebutconceptuallyelegant

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.achievegreaterfrostresistanceinfrosttenderfoodplantsbymeansofselectivebreeding,therebyexpandingthoseplantareaofcultivation

B.Achievegreateryieldfromfoodplantsbyinterplantingcropplantsthataremutuallybeneficial.

C.Findinginexpensiveandabundantnaturalsubstancesthatcouldwithoutreducingyields,besubstitutedforexpensivesyntheticfertilizes

D.Changethegeneticmakeupoffoodplantsthatcannotliveinwaterwithhighsalinity,usinggenesfromplantadaptedtoslotwater.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開篇解釋了由于化肥價(jià)格上漲以及遺傳工程學(xué)技術(shù)增強(qiáng)，讓研究者加大對(duì)固氮作用的研究，這是原因。后面緊接著講到研究的具體內(nèi)容以及將要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。所以D選項(xiàng)“解釋研究固氮作用的原因以及研究的目標(biāo)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章第二段末尾處提到“soybeans，peas,alfalfa,andclover”可以與根瘤菌實(shí)現(xiàn)共生關(guān)系。第三段開始處使用“Unfortunately”表轉(zhuǎn)折，“maize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.”此處的cannot緊著上文的邏輯，指無(wú)法和根瘤菌實(shí)現(xiàn)共生，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段末尾“asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.事實(shí)上，對(duì)于每一種豆類植物而言都存在一種特定的根瘤菌，寄主植物為根瘤菌提供食物以及一個(gè)充分保護(hù)的棲息處，而作為交換手段，將剩余的氨接過(guò)來(lái)。這樣，豆科植物在氨肥缺失的土壤中仍能茂盛生長(zhǎng)。確定B選項(xiàng)“根瘤菌自身創(chuàng)造氨肥”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)作者沒(méi)有提及根瘤菌最初發(fā)現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)，B項(xiàng)與文章意思相悖，D選項(xiàng)根瘤菌雖然和寄生植物是共生關(guān)系，但文章沒(méi)有提及根瘤菌的細(xì)菌離開寄生植物就無(wú)法生存。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。文章第一段提到由于化肥的價(jià)格很大程度上和天然氣的價(jià)格相關(guān)，天然氣的價(jià)格上漲直接導(dǎo)致肥料價(jià)格上漲，給現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)了巨額并給不斷上升的經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)負(fù)擔(dān)，直接刺激人們?nèi)ふ铱商娲暮铣煞柿?。而遺傳工程學(xué)的進(jìn)步為尋找替代肥料創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。所以B選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)上漲的天然氣價(jià)格”正確。

5.語(yǔ)義理解題。文章第二段提到“Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.這真是大自然最大的諷刺，通常土壤中的氮限制了植物的生長(zhǎng)，然而植物的葉子卻生活在氮?dú)獾暮Ｑ笾小！逼湟馑际谴髿馐怯?8%和22%的氧氣構(gòu)成，植物的葉子無(wú)法吸收氮?dú)獠⑥D(zhuǎn)化成肥料，卻要依靠土壤中十分有限的氮肥。C選項(xiàng)中‘遭遇海難的船員在救生艇上生存，盡管周圍就是大海，卻只有最后一瓶可飲用的水來(lái)維持生存’與文章意思相符，所以正確。

6.文章大意題。全文解釋到對(duì)固氮作用的研究就是指分析豆科植物現(xiàn)有固氮作用，實(shí)現(xiàn)非豆類植物通過(guò)改變?nèi)旧w基因，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)固氮作用，提高產(chǎn)量。B,C項(xiàng)與文章意思不符。A項(xiàng)是目標(biāo)，但是不是最終目標(biāo)。D選項(xiàng)‘小麥、水稻和其他非豆科植物的品種，與固氮細(xì)菌保持著充分的共生關(guān)系，產(chǎn)量高’符合題意。

7.作者觀點(diǎn)題。文章最后一段末尾處，作者提到整項(xiàng)任務(wù)如此艱巨，令人望而生畏。但是收益之高讓研究者不惜面對(duì)失敗要勇于嘗試。B選項(xiàng)‘必要且雄心勃勃，但容易失敗’符合題意。

8.語(yǔ)義理解題。此題的題意是“根據(jù)研究的基本方法，與文中的研究最為相近的是下列哪一個(gè)”。根據(jù)文章可知，對(duì)于固氮作用的研究的基本方法是通過(guò)對(duì)非豆類植物染色體內(nèi)注入一個(gè)部分不相關(guān)聯(lián)的基因，倘若這些基因可被辨識(shí)并被分離，則這些基因則可以宜于充當(dāng)那些具備固氮作用的細(xì)菌的寄主。D選項(xiàng)“改變糧食作物的基因，使其原本無(wú)法在高鹽度的水中生存，現(xiàn)在可以適應(yīng)在蓄水槽中生存。”更接近文意，正確。

10.單選題

Facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstance

B.motivation

C.backbone

D.initiative

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circumstance條件，環(huán)境B.motivation動(dòng)力

C.backbone支柱，骨干，基礎(chǔ)D.initiative主動(dòng)性，積極性

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】pillar的意思為“核心，基礎(chǔ)，支柱”，臨港工業(yè)是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本核心，backbone與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】臨港工業(yè)已成為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的基本支柱，促進(jìn)了國(guó)際化大生產(chǎn)方式的形成。

11.單選題

Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep（

）intointernationalfinancialmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.understanding

C.knowledge

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在當(dāng)今的國(guó)際銀行業(yè)，一個(gè)銀行必須對(duì)國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)有深入的洞察。idea“觀點(diǎn)；主意”；understanding“理解”；knowledge“知識(shí)”；insight“洞察力”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。opulently“富裕地，豐裕地”；excessively“過(guò)分地，極度”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是超過(guò)合理范圍的；consistently“一貫地，一致地”；exceedingly“極其，非?！?，相當(dāng)于very。句意：如果你在電梯里盯著陌生人看，你會(huì)讓別人極其不舒服，并且你自己也會(huì)覺(jué)得很奇怪。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐懼的。選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近，正確。

14.單選題

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense這種策略通常是實(shí)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)社區(qū)的代價(jià),”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通過(guò)這種做法帶來(lái)的就業(yè)和相關(guān)收入的轉(zhuǎn)移，一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的勝利可能成為另一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的悲劇”，可知，在八十年代以前，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展都是本地化的，只能為自己所在的社區(qū)帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。C項(xiàng)“它們可以為它們所處的地區(qū)提供真正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企業(yè)只雇傭了一小部分受過(guò)專門訓(xùn)練的制造勞動(dòng)力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土產(chǎn)業(yè)和人才被留在國(guó)內(nèi)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)既提供就業(yè)又促進(jìn)進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)業(yè)的環(huán)境”?？芍髡呤菍?duì)本土的企業(yè)持有比較樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs這種辦法比奪走其他地理地區(qū)的工作而使其受害要好”可知與B項(xiàng)“它不會(huì)犧牲一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力的利益而使另一個(gè)勞動(dòng)力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意題。文章主要目的在于通過(guò)講解三種不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展策略，告訴讀者哪種發(fā)展策略優(yōu)勢(shì)比較明顯，同時(shí)三種發(fā)展策略對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)有哪些好的促進(jìn)作用。故D項(xiàng)“審查和評(píng)估用于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略和方案?！狈项}意。

15.翻譯題

在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接觸”（directcontact）來(lái)傳遞的。

【答案】Indailylife,powerseemstobetransferredbydirectcontact.

16.單選題

A（）,hewasprobablyoneofthemostrealisticwritersofhisday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-confessingromantic

B.self-confessedromance

C.self-confessingromance

D.self-confessedromantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞性辨析。self-confessing無(wú)此用法，排除A和C選項(xiàng)；self-confessed“自認(rèn)為的”。根據(jù)后半句可知選項(xiàng)的重心是描述一個(gè)人，因此選擇romantic“浪漫的人”，而romance“傳奇，浪漫史，冒險(xiǎn)故事”不符合句意。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念”；B選項(xiàng)“尋找，搜尋”；C選項(xiàng)“控制，管理”；D選項(xiàng)“需要”，根據(jù)句意‘我們?nèi)匀辉诳刂七@里的一切，但我不能保證這個(gè)情況會(huì)這樣持續(xù)下去’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obstructed“阻塞，妨礙，遮住”；B選項(xiàng)quipped“嘲弄，譏諷”；C選項(xiàng)grunge“（僅為名詞）蹩腳貨，乏味的東西，難看的東西”；D選項(xiàng)wrecked“破壞，毀滅，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毀船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那樣，把所有的好事都?xì)w功于奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，把所有的壞事都?xì)w功于共和黨的阻撓，這可能不是完全誠(chéng)實(shí)的，但它確實(shí)有相當(dāng)大的好處，讓奧巴馬擺脫了競(jìng)選時(shí)被共和黨的欺凌所束縛的軟弱無(wú)能的負(fù)擔(dān)。Stymy“阻撓，妨礙”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thefutureofthiscompanyi