考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-吉林財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.案例題

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文：嬰兒與母親形成依戀關(guān)系，必須經(jīng)歷分離和個(gè)性化的過程。所以填空處應(yīng)該與嬰兒和母親之間的關(guān)系相關(guān)。

2.根據(jù)下文：父母對(duì)子女的愛心和關(guān)愛是必不可少的...。選項(xiàng)A一個(gè)安全,充滿愛的環(huán)境是發(fā)展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，與下文相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以正確。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,選項(xiàng)H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。

4.根據(jù)下文可知本段主要是講被收養(yǎng)的孩子。這里是進(jìn)行舉例，所以選項(xiàng)I符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.根據(jù)上文可知，這里是回答收養(yǎng)的孩子與生母之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知，這里是描述年齡大一點(diǎn)的被收養(yǎng)的孩子的生活狀況，所以選F。

7.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知本段主要是講收養(yǎng)對(duì)健康的自我意識(shí)的發(fā)展的影響。選項(xiàng)E正確。

8.上一段提出了收養(yǎng)家庭應(yīng)如何幫助收養(yǎng)的孩子提供關(guān)愛，度過難關(guān)，但下文的內(nèi)容又指出孩子們依然可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)分離焦慮癥，所以選項(xiàng)G盡管有這些措施，有時(shí)孩子可能會(huì)依然有分離焦慮癥，符合原文邏輯。

9.選項(xiàng)C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild與上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以正確。

10.選項(xiàng)J如果一個(gè)被收養(yǎng)的孩子被慈愛的父母收養(yǎng)，那么他至少有平均的成功個(gè)性化的機(jī)會(huì)。這與上文緊密聯(lián)系,所以正確。

2.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B選項(xiàng)instant“立即的，直接的，緊迫的”；C選項(xiàng)timely“及時(shí)的”；D選項(xiàng)punctual“按時(shí)的，準(zhǔn)時(shí)的”。句意：要想給未來老板留下好印象，應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)穿著整齊，嚴(yán)格準(zhǔn)時(shí)，并且表現(xiàn)出對(duì)工作的興趣。結(jié)合句意，D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。voluntarily“自動(dòng)地”；selectively“有選擇地”；compulsorily“強(qiáng)制地；強(qiáng)迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生涯的某個(gè)階段，一些學(xué)生或______或被迫離開課堂。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

一本好書往往珍藏著一個(gè)人所能想到的最美妙的東西，因此，好書就是一座座收藏著美好話語(yǔ)和崇高思想的寶庫(kù)。這些珍藏的話語(yǔ)和思想會(huì)隨時(shí)隨地陪伴并撫慰我們。

書中自有顏如玉，書中自有黃金屋。讀書是賞心悅目，陶冶情操；讀書是走進(jìn)先哲，聆聽教誨；讀書是體驗(yàn)鳥語(yǔ)，感受花香。書能引導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)入最優(yōu)秀的社會(huì)群體，將我們帶到有史以來最偉大的思想家面前。在書中我們能夠與先賢們博古爍今，能夠與文人騷客煮酒論歌，能夠從無數(shù)正反面的故事中，吸取教訓(xùn)，增長(zhǎng)見識(shí)。

開卷有益，這是自古以來人們的共識(shí)。每一個(gè)人要想在知識(shí)的山峰上登得越高，眼前展現(xiàn)的景色越壯闊，就要多讀書。讀書是開闊視野，獲取淵博知識(shí)的最佳途徑。讓我們都來讀書吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

5.單選題

Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeup

B.hangon

C.getacross

D.lookout

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。comeup"走近;發(fā)生";hangon"堅(jiān)持下去;不掛斷;握住不放";getacross"被理解,被接受";lookout"注意;當(dāng)心"。句意：老師試圖解釋這個(gè)問題,但這個(gè)解釋不被大家所接受。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在看似漫長(zhǎng)的等待之后，輪到他給觀眾做演講了。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾橘e語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知此處after作介詞，after后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故使用連接詞what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

7.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects________inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.areconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。A是過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作；B是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；C是過去完成時(shí)，表示從過去的時(shí)間某動(dòng)作已完成；D是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。句意：早在1990年，美國(guó)和歐洲都已經(jīng)做過了對(duì)移動(dòng)物體攝影的實(shí)驗(yàn)。1990是一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間，句子中有個(gè)wellbefore，所以可知做物體移動(dòng)的攝影實(shí)驗(yàn)是在1990年之前就完成了，是一個(gè)在過去就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，因此答案選C。

8.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家聲稱，利他主義與經(jīng)濟(jì)理性背道而馳，因?yàn)楹笳呒俣ㄈ藗冃袨樽运健?/p>

37.一些經(jīng)濟(jì)模型假設(shè)，利己主義者之所以表現(xiàn)出利他行為，是因?yàn)樗麄儚闹蝎@得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。

38.社會(huì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護(hù)同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務(wù)是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務(wù)有時(shí)包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務(wù)，但是公共義務(wù)不一定意味著義務(wù)。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責(zé)任和提供服務(wù)，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠(chéng)與嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這些行為就會(huì)一點(diǎn)一滴、層層遞進(jìn)地建構(gòu)自我約束下的自由國(guó)家。

9.單選題

Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressgroup（）oftheunion.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opinion

B.consistency

C.insistence

D.approval

【答案】D

【解析】opinion觀點(diǎn),主張；consistency一致性,相容性；insistence堅(jiān)持,強(qiáng)調(diào)；approval批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可,贊同。句意：在所有社會(huì)中,合法的婚姻通常伴隨著某種儀式,表達(dá)群體對(duì)婚姻的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Hehadaclearpictureofasadandlonelyman,deeplyconcernedabouthishealthwhichseemedtopromiseonlyafairlyrapiddeclineinto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convalesce

B.recovery

C.senility

D.relapse

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。convalesce“漸漸恢復(fù)”；recovery“恢復(fù)”；senility“衰老，老態(tài)龍鐘”；relapse“復(fù)發(fā)，恢復(fù)原狀”。句意：他很清楚地了解到一個(gè)悲傷孤獨(dú)的老人，非常關(guān)心自己的身體健康狀況，這種健康狀況似乎預(yù)示著會(huì)迅速進(jìn)入衰老狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

ThisEuropeangeologistturnedouttobegoodcompanyandknewalotaboutthecountrywewerein,sowebenefitedtalkingwithhim.Hegaveusseveralveryusefultips.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.This

B.turnedout

C.goodcompany

D.benefitedtalkingwithhim

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。介詞遺漏。在benefited后加上from。Benefit為不及物動(dòng)詞,常后面接from，表示“受益于…”。

12.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（

）aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)reserve“預(yù)定”；B選項(xiàng)issue“發(fā)行”；C選項(xiàng)deliver“交付”；D選項(xiàng)express“表達(dá)”。

句意：為保證經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺(tái)了一系列政策。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境，所以正確。

13.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢(shì)力之間的一種外部沖突?！芍菍⑸羁醋魇且环N外部沖突。A選項(xiàng)external“外部的，外部”;B選項(xiàng)internal“內(nèi)部的”；C選項(xiàng)maternal“母性的”；D選項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoon（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flood

B.submerge

C.underrate

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。flood意為“淹沒，泛濫”，指淹沒大片區(qū)域；submerge意為“浸沒，淹沒”，指淹沒某個(gè)物體；underrate意為“過低評(píng)價(jià)，低估”；yield意為“屈服，投降”。

句意：水在巖石周圍上升，很快就會(huì)淹沒它。

15.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來將基因?qū)隩ILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因?qū)隩ILS，科學(xué)家們使用了一種病毒，利用它入侵細(xì)胞的自然傾向。”確定B選項(xiàng)‘入侵細(xì)胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，SCID是由……導(dǎo)致的?！鶕?jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴(yán)重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由單個(gè)異常基因引起的酶缺乏引起。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項(xiàng)‘單克隆抗體過量’、B選項(xiàng)‘腫瘤壞死因子過多’和C選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關(guān)系及this這個(gè)詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問‘為什么癌癥患者會(huì)對(duì)這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞重新植入患者體內(nèi)的想法似乎有點(diǎn)嚇人”推知A選項(xiàng)‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質(zhì)’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘疫苗是來自煙草植物’和D選項(xiàng)‘載體中的遺傳物質(zhì)可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒有提及，排除；C選項(xiàng)‘基因轉(zhuǎn)移的安全性尚未得到證實(shí)’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因轉(zhuǎn)移的可行性與安全性己經(jīng)得到證明?！被ハ嗝?，排除。

4.題目提問‘ADA通過下列哪一種途徑轉(zhuǎn)移到患者的T細(xì)胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因ADA通過一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞。”確定D選項(xiàng)‘modifiedretrovirus經(jīng)過修改的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒’正確。

16.單選題

Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactionto（）thetwobigquarrelingcompanies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.jigsaw

B.jot

C.impulse

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。jigsaw用鋸鋸；jot匆匆記下；impulse推動(dòng);reconcile調(diào)和。句意:政府將采取措施這兩家起爭(zhēng)執(zhí)的大公司。因此D項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof經(jīng)由;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在……方面;bymeansof通過,依靠。句意：哪項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在訓(xùn)練器材、運(yùn)動(dòng)員個(gè)人裝備和隊(duì)服等方面的開銷最大?選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.單選題

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞同義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complicated“難懂的，復(fù)雜的”；B選項(xiàng)inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合邏輯的”；C選項(xiàng)fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D選項(xiàng)blatant“喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的”。句意：新手作家時(shí)常擁有的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤想法是句子結(jié)構(gòu)反映想法，即結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，那么想法也就越復(fù)雜。根據(jù)句意判斷出A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Hillslopeswereclearedofforeststomakewayforcrops,whichnowonly（

）thecrisis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accelerates

B.prevails

C.ascends

D.precedes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Accelerate“加速，促進(jìn)”；prevail“流行，占上風(fēng)”；ascend“上升”；precede“領(lǐng)先”。根據(jù)句意“山坡上的樹木因?yàn)橐N莊稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了這個(gè)危機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)aid“資助，援助，幫助”；B選項(xiàng)amount“總計(jì)，等于”；C選項(xiàng)add“增加，添加，計(jì)算……總和”；D選項(xiàng)attribute“把……歸因于，被認(rèn)為是……創(chuàng)作的”。句意：我們很高興地注意到，早晨送貨沒有加劇這個(gè)繁華城市的交通擁擠。故C選項(xiàng)正確。

21.填空題

Shecouldn'tbuythebookanywhere.（1）ofthebookstoresinBeijinghadanycopies（2）.Theyhadallbeensoldassoonastheywereputontheshelves.

【答案】1.None

2.since

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。noneof‘沒有...。

2.邏輯分析。Since因?yàn)椋捎凇?/p>

22.單選題

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,社會(huì)和自然科學(xué)的純理論的目的在于理解,但不是科學(xué)本身；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”選項(xiàng)C說哲學(xué)完全獨(dú)立于文中提到的科學(xué)是不正確的,apartfrom指除...之外,還有...,所以哲學(xué)本身也是科學(xué),所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知選項(xiàng)D剛好與原文描述的相反,所以錯(cuò)誤。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于應(yīng)用的知識(shí)會(huì)帶來立即的可預(yù)見的成功,但卻不是那種重大的成功,也就是說人類最重要的成功還是來自于技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。因此,選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希臘數(shù)學(xué)家們沒有意識(shí)到他們研究的價(jià)值。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,選項(xiàng)C符合原文主旨。

5.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人類沒有無私的追求這些理論知識(shí),就沒有取得實(shí)際成果的基礎(chǔ),所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

23.單選題

Diamondshavelittle（）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct滅絕的,絕種的,破滅的;permanent永久的;surplus過剩的,多余的;intrinsic內(nèi)在的。句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價(jià)值,它昂貴的價(jià)格主要是因?yàn)槠湎∪毙浴?/p>

24.單選題

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurpo