考研考博-英語-哈爾濱應(yīng)用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-哈爾濱應(yīng)用職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Stressfulenvironmentleadstounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabits,which（

）,increasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandheartdisease.

問題1選項

A.bychance

B.inturn

C.byfortune

D.incase

【答案】B

【解析】句意:有壓力的環(huán)境導(dǎo)致如不好的飲食習(xí)慣這樣的不健康的行為，依次增加高血壓和心臟病的風(fēng)險。

短語辨析。Bychance偶然，意外;inturn輪流,依次;byfortune幸運;incase萬一,假如.。故B符合句意。

2.單選題

I’mmuchobligedtoyourkindness.

問題1選項

A.delightful

B.vital

C.grateful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項delightful“可愛的，討人喜歡的”；B選項vital“至關(guān)重要的，生死攸關(guān)的”；C選項grateful“感謝的，令人愉快的”；D選項respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”。句意：我非常感謝你的好意。句中的obligedto是“感激”的意思，因此C選項符合題意。

3.單選題

FlatswerealmostunknowninBritainuntilthe1850swhentheyweredeveloped,alongwithotherindustrialdwellings,forthelaboringclasses.Thesevastblockswereplainlya（1）meansof（2）socialconsciencebyhousinglargenumbersoftheever-presentpooron（3）citysites.Duringthe1880s,however,theideaoflivingincomfortableresidentialchamberscaughtonwiththe（4）upperanduppermiddle-classes,and（5）astotheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofflatlifewasatopicofconversation（6）manya（7）dinnertable.InParisandothermajorEuropeancities,thecustomwherebythebetter-offlivedinapartments,orflats,waswell（8）.Uptothelate19thcenturyinEnglandonlybachelorbarristershadestablishedthe（9）oflivinginroomsneartheLawCourt:anyself-respectingheadofhouseholdwouldinsist（10）aWestEndtownhouseashisLondonhome,thebestthathis（11）couldprovide.

The（12）offlatsforthebetter-offseemstohavedevelopedforanumberofreasons.First,perhaps,throughthe（13）oftherailways,whichhadenabledawide（14）ofpeopletoenjoyaholidaystayinginasuiteatoneoftheluxuryhotelswhichhadbeguntospringupduringthepreviousdecade.（15）,nodoubt,thefactthatmanyoftheearlyluxuryflatsweresimilar（16）hotelsuites,evenbeingprovidedwith（17）diningroomsandcentralboilersforhotwaterandheating.Rentstendedtobehightocoveroverheads,butsavingsweremade（18）bythesecommunalamenitiesand（19）tenantsbeingableto（20）thenumberoffamilyservants.

問題1選項

A.conservative

B.conventional

C.convenient

D.communicative

問題2選項

A.easing

B.decreasing

C.diminishing

D.enhancing

問題3選項

A.compact

B.condensed

C.compressed

D.compatible

問題4選項

A.flourishing

B.affluent

C.humble

D.impoverished

問題5選項

A.ambiguity

B.controversy

C.prediction

D.compromise

問題6選項

A.around

B.through

C.over

D.above

問題7選項

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

問題8選項

A.launched

B.imposed

C.established

D.enacted

問題9選項

A.tradition

B.anticipation

C.conviction

D.qualification

問題10選項

A.in

B.to

C.upon

D.for

問題11選項

A.sense

B.method

C.means

D.duty

問題12選項

A.superiority

B.popularity

C.priority

D.adversity

問題13選項

A.production

B.destruction

C.consumption

D.introduction

問題14選項

A.category

B.ratio

C.proportion

D.range

問題15選項

A.Nevertheless

B.Notwithstanding

C.Hence

D.Hitherto

問題16選項

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.as

問題17選項

A.communal

B.mutual

C.concentrated

D.domestic

問題18選項

A.vulnerable

B.available

C.accessible

D.possible

問題19選項

A.with

B.from

C.at

D.by

問題20選項

A.shorten

B.reduce

C.shrink

D.increase

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查形容詞辨析。conservative“保守的”；conventional“傳統(tǒng)的，常見的，符合習(xí)俗的”；convenient“方便的”；communicative“愛說話的，健談的”。句意：這些公寓在那時是用來緩解社會良知的方便方法，這些房子里當(dāng)時住著許多窮人。通過把大多數(shù)窮人安置在小公寓里是一種方便的方法。故C項正確。

2.考查動詞辨析。ease“減輕，緩解，緩和”；decrease“減少”；diminish“減少，使變小”；enhance“增加”。此處指緩和社會良知，故A項正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。compact“袖珍的，緊湊的”；condensed“濃縮的，扼要的”；compressed“被壓縮的”；compatible“兼容的，能共處的”。由citysites可知城市街區(qū)里的公寓是很緊湊的。故A項正確。

4.考查形容詞辨析。flourishing“繁榮的，繁盛的”；affluent“富裕的，豐盛的”；humble“謙虛的，簡陋的，”；impoverished“窮困的，用盡了的”。由“upperanduppermiddle-classes”可知上層階級是富裕的，故B項正確。

5.考查名詞辨析。ambiguity“含糊，模棱兩可”；controversy“爭議，爭論”；prediction“預(yù)報，語言”；compromise“妥協(xié)，和解”。由下文可知此空指的是有關(guān)公布公寓生活的優(yōu)點和缺點的爭論。故B項正確。

6.考查固定搭配。aroundthetable圍坐在餐桌周圍。

7.考查形近詞辨析。respective“各自的”；respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；respectable“體面的，值得尊敬的，人格高尚的”；respecting“關(guān)于”。富人的餐桌應(yīng)該是體面的，故C項符合題意。

8.考查動詞辨析。launch“發(fā)射，發(fā)起，發(fā)動”；impose“強加，征稅，以…欺騙”;establish“建立，確立”；enact“頒布，制定法律”。在巴黎和歐洲其他主要城市，富人住在公寓里的習(xí)俗已經(jīng)建立。C項符合題意。

9.考查名詞辨析。tradition“傳統(tǒng)，習(xí)慣”；anticipation“預(yù)料，預(yù)想，預(yù)期”；conviction“定罪，確信，證明有罪”；qualification“資格，條件”。句意：到19世紀(jì)末，在英國只有單身律師建立了住在法院附近房子里的習(xí)慣。故A項符合題意。

10.考查固定搭配。insistupon“堅持”。句意：任何有自尊心的戶主會堅持希望在西部小鎮(zhèn)的房子安家。

11.考查名詞辨析。sense“感覺，官能”；method“方法”；means“財產(chǎn)，方法”；duty“責(zé)任，職務(wù)”。這里指代這些有自尊心的戶主希望能在西部小鎮(zhèn)安家，并且最好他的財產(chǎn)能夠負(fù)擔(dān)這些費用。故C項正確。

12.考查名詞辨析。superiority“優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)先性”；popularity“普及，流行，受歡迎”；adversity“逆境，不幸，災(zāi)難”。富人公寓很受歡迎似乎有許多理由。B項符合題意。

13.考查名詞辨析。production“成品，成果”；destruction“毀滅”；consumption“消費，消耗”；introduction“介紹，引進(jìn)，采用”。此處指由于火車的引進(jìn)，許多人度假能夠住在豪華酒店的套房里。

14.考查名詞辨析。category“種類，分類”；ratio“比率，比例”；proportion“比例，占比”；range“范圍，幅度”。awiderangeof“大范圍的，許多不同的”。

15.考查連詞。nevertheless“然而，不過”；notwithstanding“雖然，盡管”；hence“因此”；hitherto“迄今，至今”。句意：因此，不足為奇的是許多早期豪華公寓與酒店套房相似。聯(lián)系上下文可知此處表示因果關(guān)系，前為因，此處表示結(jié)果。故C項正確。

16.考查固定搭配。besimilarto“與…相似的”。

17.考查形容詞辨析。communal“公共的，公社的”；mutual“共同的，相互的”；concentrated“集中的，濃縮的，全神貫注的”；domestic“國內(nèi)的”。由centralboilers中心鍋爐可推知豪華公寓里的餐廳也是公共的，故A項正確。

18.考查形容詞辨析。vulnerable“易受攻擊的，脆弱的”；available“可獲得的，可得到的”；accessible“可進(jìn)入的，易接近的”；possible“可能的”。由thesecommunalamenties可推知這些公共設(shè)施可以幫助租客節(jié)省開支。故D項正確。

19.考查介詞。由and前面的bythesecommunal…可知此空應(yīng)填by。句意：這些公共設(shè)施以及房客通過減少家庭仆人的數(shù)量使得節(jié)省開支成為可能。

20.考查動詞辨析。shorten“縮短，減少”；reduce“減少”；shrink“縮小，退縮”；increase“增加”。由savings可推知房客是減少雇傭仆人的數(shù)量。故B項項正確。

4.單選題

Predictingthefutureisalwaysrisky.Butit’sprobablysafetosaythatatleastafewhistorianswillonedayspeakofthe20th-centuryasAmerica’s“DisneyEra.”Today,it’scertainlydifficulttothinkofanyothersinglethingthatrepresentsmodemAmericaaspowerfullyasthecompanythatcreatedMickeyMouse.Globally,brandslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonaldsmaybemorewidely-known,butneitherencapsulates20th-centuryAmericainquitethesamewayasDisney.

ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongs

tooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell.Buthewasageniusinplentyofotherrespects.Inbusiness,hisgreatestskillswerehisinsightandhismanagementability.AftersettinghimselfupinHollywood,hesingle-handedlypioneeredtheconceptsofbrandingandmerchandising—somethinghiscompanystilldoesbrilliantlytoday.

ButwhatreallydistinguishedDisneywashisabilitytoidentifywithhisaudiences.Disneyalwaysmadesurehisfilmschampionedthe“l(fā)ittleguy,”andmadehimfeelproudtobeAmerican.Thisheachievedbycreatingcharactersthatreflectedthehopesandfearsoftheordinarypeople.SomecelebratedAmericanachievements—Disney’sveryfirstcartoonPlaneCrazy,featuringasilentMickeyhouse,wasinspiredbyCharlesLindbergh’sflightacrosstheAtlantic.Others,likethethreelittlePigsandSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarves,showedhow,throughhardworkandhelpingone’sfellowman,ordinaryAmericanscouldsurvivesocialandeconomiccrisesliketheGreatDepression.

Disney’sothergreatvirtuewasthefactthathiscompany—unlikeotherbigcorporations—hadahumanface.HisHollywoodstudio—thepublicheard—operatedjustlikeademocracy,whereeveryonewasonfirst-nametermsandhadasayinhowthingsshouldberun.HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.

Thereality,ofcourse,waslessidyllic.Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.Afterastrikebycartoonistsin1941,hebecameconvincedthatHollywoodhadbeeninfiltratedbyCommunists.HeagreedtoworkfortheFBIasamole（間諜）,identifyingandspyingoncolleagueswhomhesuspectedweresubversives.

But,apartfromhisaffiliationswiththeFBI,Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle.Anewbook,TheMagicKingdom:WaltDisneyandtheAmericanWayofLife,byStevenWatts,confirmsthathewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans―inthe30sand40shevotedforFranklinRoosevelt,believinghewasachampionoftheworkers.Also,DisneywasnotanapologistfortheFBI,assomehavesuggested.Infact,hewasalwayssuspiciousoflarge,bureaucraticorganizations,asisevidencedinfilmslikeThatDarnedCat,inwhichheportrayedFBIagentsasbunglingincompetents.

Bythetimehediedin1966,WaltDisneywasaniconlikeThomasEdisonandtheWrightBrothers.Tobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers,hewasarolemodel;tothepublicatlarge,hewas“UncleWalt”一themanwhohadentertainedthemalltheirlives,themanwhorepresentedallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica.

Inthe30yearssincehisdeath,notmuchhaschanged.In1986,hewasattackedasaMcCarthyist,asupporterofbigbusiness,andapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment.However,noneofithasmadeanydifferencetothegeneralpublic.TheirloyaltytoUncleWaltremainsasstrongasever.

1.WaltDisneyisbelievedtopossessthefollowingabilitiesEXCEPT（

）.

2.WaltDisneybecameaniconafterhisdeathnotbecause

（

）.

3.Inthesixthparagraphthesentence“Disneywasmoreorlessthegenuinearticle”means

that

（

）.

4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardWaltDisneycanbestbedescribedas

（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthepleasantsideofDisney’spatriotism?

問題1選項

A.painting

B.creativity

C.management

D.merchandising

問題2選項

A.Hewasarolemodeltobusinesspeopleandfilmmakers

B.hecouldentertainthepublicatlargealltheirlives

C.hewasapurveyorof“sub-literate”entertainment

D.hecouldrepresentallthatwasgoodaboutAmerica

問題3選項

A.Disneywasacreativeandcapableperson.

B.DisneyonceagreedtoworkfortheFBI.

C.Disneyranhiscompanyinademocraticway.

D.Disneywassympatheticwithordinarypeople.

問題4選項

A.sympathetic

B.objective

C.critical

D.skeptical

問題5選項

A.HesidedwithordinaryAmericansinhisfilms.

B.HesupportedAmerica’swareffortsinhisownway.

C.Hehaddoubtsaboutlarge,bureaucraticorganizations.

D.HevotedforFranklinRooseveltinthe30sand40s.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Ironicallyhecouldnotdrawparticularlywell”諷刺的是他畫得不太好，可知WaltDisney繪畫能力不好，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章最后兩段講述了WaltDisney死后的影響，A、C、D選項在倒數(shù)第二段中都有提及，B選項在最后一段中提及，不符合題干中成為偶像的原因，因此選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段中“hewasverydefinitelyonthesideofordinaryAmericans”可知WaltDisney站在普通美國人這邊，因此D選項“迪士尼對普通人很同情”符合題意。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“ThereasonsforDisney’ssuccessarevariedandnumerous,butultimatelythecreditbelongstooneperson—themanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecompanyfromnothing,WaltDisney.”和第五段中“Asthepublicwouldlaterlearn,Disney’spatriotismhadanunpleasantside.”可知作者既寫了WaltDisney對迪士尼公司的成功有突出貢獻(xiàn)，又寫了他愛國主義不好的一面，因此作者對WaltDisney的態(tài)度是客觀的，選B。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“HewasalsoregardedasagreatpatriotbecausenotonlydidhiscartoonscelebrateAmerica,but,duringWorldWarII,hisstudiosmadetrainingfilmsforAmericansoldiers.”他也被認(rèn)為是一位偉大的愛國者，因為他不僅以他的動畫片贊美美國，而且在二戰(zhàn)期間，他的制作室也為美國士兵制作訓(xùn)練用影片。可知他以自己的方式支持美國的戰(zhàn)爭努力，因此選B。

5.單選題

Goodthingsaredividedintothreeclasses:(1)externalgoods,(2)goodsofthesoul,and(3)goodsofthebody.Ofthese,wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.Butinspeakingof“soul”,werefertooursoul’sactionsandactivities.Thus,ourdefinitionofgoodtallieswiththisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.Wearealsorightindefiningtheendasconsistingofactionsandactivities;forinthiswaytheendisincludedamongthegoodsofthesoulandnotamongexternalgoods.

Alsotheviewthatahappymanliveswellandfareswellfitsinwithourdefinition:forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.

Moreover,thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.Forsomepeoplethinkthathappinessisavirtue,othersthatitispracticalwisdom,othersthatitissomekindoftheoreticalwisdom;othersagainbelieveittobeallorsomeoftheseaccompaniedby,ornotdevoidof,pleasure;andsomepeoplealsoincludeexternalprosperityinitsdefinition.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestgoodsarethosethat（）.

2.Theword“tallies”inline4means（）.

3.Theauthor’sdefinitionofhappinessinparagraph2isrelatedtothedefinitionofgoodinthat（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthelastparagraphisto（）.

問題1選項

A.createprosperity

B.arespiritual

C.areintellectual

D.createhappiness

問題2選項

A.keepscount

B.records

C.labels

D.corresponds

問題3選項

A.livingagoodlifewillbringyouhappiness

B.happinessisthesameasgoodness

C.happinessisoftensacrificedtoattainthegood

D.allthingsthatcreatehappinessaregoodthings

問題4選項

A.showthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentdefinitionsofhappiness

B.provideguidelinesforgoodbehavior

C.provethathisdefinitionofhappinessisvalid

D.explainrelationshipbetweenhappinessandgoodness

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“wecallthegoodspertainingtothesoulgoodsinthehighestandfullestsense.”，我們把與靈魂相關(guān)的美好事物稱為最高的意義?？膳袛喑鲎詈玫氖挛锞褪蔷裆系拿篮?。選項B符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…thisopinionwhichhasbeencurrentforalongtimeandtowhichphilosopherssubscribe.”，這樣的觀點已經(jīng)流行了很長一段時間，并且哲學(xué)家們也贊成?？膳袛喑鑫覀儗τ诿篮玫亩x符合這一觀點。keepscount“計數(shù)”，record“記錄”，label“標(biāo)記”；correspond“符合，一致”。選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“forwehaveallbutdefinedhappinessasakindofgoodlifeandwell-being.”，我們幾乎把幸福定義為一種美好的生活和幸福。可推斷出生活和幸福的聯(lián)系為：美好的生活會帶來幸福。選項A符合題意。

4.作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“thecharacteristicswhichonelooksforinhappinessareallincludedinourdefinition.”，一個人對幸福特征的觀念都包含在我們的定義中?？芍髡邔ψ约旱亩x是持堅定態(tài)度。下文繼續(xù)列舉了人們對幸福的種種定義，可推斷出作者在最后一段證明他對幸福的定義是正確的。選項C符合題意。

6.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

7.填空題

Ihadalreadyputin10yearsofworkonmybookwhenIranintoacompletedeadend.Writingaboutmyfirstancestor,KuntaKinte,forhisvoyagetoAmericaaboardaslaveship,hadbecomeimpossibleforme.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cfor改為on

【解析】【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】onone’svoyageto意思為“某人去……的航行”，為固定搭配。

【句意】當(dāng)我陷入一個完全的死胡同時，我已經(jīng)為我的書花費了10年的時間。對我來說，要寫我的祖先昆塔?肯特坐販奴船去美國的故事，是不可能做到的事。

8.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists'suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisOneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.

Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned（便形成條件反射）micetoavoidsaccharin（糖精）bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweeterandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthe'highestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.

1.Laudenslager'sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhoturnofftheelectricity（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto（

）.

3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAcer'sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat

（

）.

4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablyreasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat

（

）.

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals（

）.

問題1選項

A.wasstrengthened

B.wasnotaffected

C.wasaltered

D.wasweakened

問題2選項

A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli

B.turnofftheelectricity

C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations

D.becomeabnormallysuspicious

問題3選項

A.theydislikeditstaste

B.itledstomachpains

C.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems

D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches

問題4選項

A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybysaccharin

B.thesweetenedwaspoisontothem

C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind

D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning

問題5選項

A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning

B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections

C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin

D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.（Laudenslager發(fā)現(xiàn)，無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平，而那些能關(guān)掉電源的老鼠去沒有受到影響）可知選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.（但是，如果這些動物遇到了它們無法控制的情況，那么當(dāng)它們面對他們能夠控制的經(jīng)驗時，它們會表現(xiàn)出被動的行為）可知選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.（把糖精和胃痛聯(lián)系起來，老鼠很快就學(xué)會了避免吃甜味劑）可知選D。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的第一句Oneofthemoststartingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.（人們偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦如何改變免疫反應(yīng)的最開始的例子之一）和最后一句Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.（他只能推測，他已經(jīng)成功地對老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，足以殺死它們）可推測Ader’s的實驗中老鼠死亡的最可能原因是大腦改變了它們的免疫系統(tǒng)，因此選C

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段中提出了本文的主題stressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimals（壓力似乎會影響低等動物的免疫防御能力），然后舉例證明其觀點。第一段中Laudenslager的實驗證明：對事物缺乏控制力造成了免疫系統(tǒng)的弱化，而不是由實驗本身造成的；第二段中JayWeiss認(rèn)為：被允許控制不愉快刺激的動物不會產(chǎn)生睡眠障礙或典型的應(yīng)激大鼠的大腦化學(xué)變化；最后一段中Ader’s的實驗表明：他已經(jīng)成功地對老鼠進(jìn)行了調(diào)節(jié)，現(xiàn)在單用糖精就足以削弱它們的免疫系統(tǒng)。這些實驗是在一些特定條件下進(jìn)行的，因此可推斷動物的免疫系統(tǒng)能被條件反射所削弱，因此選A。

9.單選題

Manyprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationaroundthecountryareindanger.Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.Wehavenoobligationtosamethemsimplybecausetheyexist.

Butmanythrivinginstitutionsthatdeservetocontinuearethreatened.Theyaredoingafinejobeducationally,buttheyarecaughtinafinancialsqueeze,withnowwaytoreducerisingcostorincreaserevenuessignificantly.Raisingtuitiondoesn’tbringinmorerevenue,foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown,ortheamountthatmustbegivenawayinstudentaidgoesup.Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.Evenaverygoodcollegeisaverybadbusiness.

Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.Effectstosavethemandpreferablytokeepthemprivate,arenationalnecessities.Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.Diversityinthewaywesupportschoolstendstogiveusahealthydiversityintheformsofeducation.Inanimperfectsocietysuchasours,uniformityofeducationthroughoutthenationcouldbedangerous.Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Ardentsupportersofpublichighereducationknowtheimportanceofsustainingprivatehighereducation.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,schoolsarebadbusinessbecauseof（

）.

2.Theauthorusedthephrase“gounder”inthethirdparagraphtomean（

）.

3.Wehavereasonablyconcludefromthepassagethattheauthormadeanappealtothepublicinordertosupport

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

問題1選項

A.mismanagement

B.toofewstudents

C.toomanystudents

D.thenatureofschools

問題2選項

A.getintodifficulties

B.havelowenrollment

C.havelowtuition

D.bringinmoremoney

問題3選項

A.publicinstitutions

B.privateschools

C.uniformityofeducation

D.equalityofeducation

問題4選項

A.High-qualityprivateschoolsdeservetobesaved.

B.Ifthetuitionisraised,theenrollmentgoesdown.

C.Therearemanycasesthatpublicschoolsarebetterthanprivateschools.

D.Privateschoolshavemoremoneythanpublicschools.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。從文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句‘Schoolsarebadbusinesses,whetherpublicorprivate,notusuallybecauseofmismanagementbutbecauseofthenatureoftheenterprise.’可知，不論是公立還是私立，經(jīng)營學(xué)校都是一件失敗的生意，這不總是因為管理不善，而是因為辦企業(yè)的本質(zhì)。再根據(jù)文章下一句“Theylosemoneyoneverycustomer,andtheycangobankrupteitherfromtoofewstudentsortoomanystudents.學(xué)校在每一位消費者身上都會賠錢，太少或者太多的生源都會迫使學(xué)校走向破產(chǎn)。"所以說學(xué)校是一樁賠本的買賣是由學(xué)校的本質(zhì)所決定的。D選項正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句“Itissuchcolleges,thrivingbutthreatened,Iworryaboutlowenrollmentisnottheirchiefproblem.Evenwithfullenrollments,theymaygounder.正是這樣的大學(xué)，欣欣向榮卻岌岌可危，我擔(dān)心入學(xué)率低并不是他們的首要問題。即使是全額注冊，他們也可能會倒閉?！贝_定第三段講述的是學(xué)校是如何入不敷出、經(jīng)營不善的。A選項符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)第五句和倒數(shù)第二句“Inanimperfectsociety,diversityisapositivegood.Itisnowinevitablethatpublicinstitutionswillbedominant,andthereforediversityisanationalnecessity.在一個不完美的社會里，多樣化是一件積極的好事。公共機構(gòu)將占主導(dǎo)地位，這是不可避免的，因此多樣化是國家的需要?！贝_定作者并不傾向于哪一種性質(zhì)的學(xué)校，他提倡的是教育的多樣性，即教育的平等性。D選項符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。從第一段第二、三句“Notallwillbesaved,andperhapsnotalldeservetobesaved.Therearelow-qualityschoolsjustastherearelow-qualitybusinesses.不是每一所學(xué)校都能被拯救，也不是每一所學(xué)校都值得唄拯救。質(zhì)量低劣的學(xué)校就像經(jīng)營不善的生意一樣存在著?！蓖茢郃選項‘只有那些辦學(xué)質(zhì)量高的學(xué)校才值得被拯救’正確；根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“foreachtimetuitiongoesup,theenrollmentgoesdown因為每一次伴隨著學(xué)費的升高，入學(xué)率就會下降”推斷B選項‘如果學(xué)費上漲，入學(xué)率就會下降?！_。再根據(jù)文章第三段第四、五、六句“Thereisnobasisforarguingthatprivateschoolsareinherentlybetterthanpublicschools.Examplestothecontraryabound.Anyonecannamestateuniversitiesandcollegesthatrankasthefinestinthenationandtheworld.沒有理由說私立學(xué)校天生就比公立學(xué)校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能說出美國和世界上最好的州立大學(xué)和學(xué)院的名字?！蓖茢郈選項‘有的公立學(xué)校的辦學(xué)質(zhì)量好于私立學(xué)?！_；D選項說私立學(xué)校比公立學(xué)校更有錢的說法文章中沒有提到。所以本題選D。

10.單選題

WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded（

）.“Noconditionsherearedifferent.”

問題1選項

A.ambiguously

B.implicitly

C.unhesitatingly

D.optimistically

【答案】C

【解析】考察副詞詞義辨析。ambiguously“含糊不清地”；implicitly“含蓄地，暗中地”；unhesitatingly“不躊躇地，迅速地”；optimistically“樂觀地”。句意：然而，當(dāng)我問一位黑人政治家能否在法國獲勝時，他毫無猶豫地回答說：“這里的情況沒有什么不同”。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevent,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisselfcontrol,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsitu