考研考博-英語-四川三河職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川三河職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Hisintelligenceandexperiencewillenablehimto（）thecomplicatedsituation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copewith

B.settledown

C.intervenein

D.interferewith

【答案】A

【解析】copewith處理,應(yīng)對；settledown定居；intervenein干預(yù),插手；interferewith干擾,妨礙。句意：他的智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)將使他能夠應(yīng)付復(fù)雜的局面。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

2.單選題

Asachild,timeusedtomoveasslowlyaslightningbugsdriftinthesummereveningskies,butasanadult,timeis_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.peripatetic

C.nomadic

D.ephemeral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“傳送；輸送”，B項(xiàng)“巡回工作的；流動的”，C項(xiàng)“游牧的”，D項(xiàng)“短暫的”。根據(jù)題干中的but，可知前后為對比，結(jié)合句意：小時候，時間總是像夏天傍晚天空中的閃電蟲一樣緩慢移動，但成年后，時間是。因此選D項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

SharepricesontheStockExchangeplungedsharplyinthemorningbut（

）lightlyintheafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】B

【解析】同義詞辨析。句意:證券交易所今早股價(jià)大跌，下午略有回升。

Regain重新獲得(所有權(quán));recover恢復(fù);restore恢復(fù)...存在或使用;revive恢復(fù)；復(fù)興,多指某國或某一區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條后振興。因此這里選B合適。

4.單選題

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個選項(xiàng)都表示錯誤或問題的意思，但是題干中的介詞是at，只有選項(xiàng)C能與之搭配。選項(xiàng)A的搭配為“be+wrong”，選項(xiàng)B和D和介詞in搭配，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：去檢查所有的部件，看看哪里出了問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)pondering為ponder的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“沉思，默想”，B項(xiàng)intimating為intimate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“暗示，通知”，C項(xiàng)indigenous“本土的，國產(chǎn)的”，D項(xiàng)intimidating為intimidate的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“恐嚇，威脅”。前面的句子意思是“你說我今天看起來很放松”，后面提到了uptight（緊張），這與前面相反，可以推測空格處表示“暗示”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：你說我今天看起來很放松。你是在暗示我平?？雌饋矶际蔷o張的嗎？因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafetypins,were（

）alloverthefloor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scattered

B.littered

C.sprayed

D.separated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:回形針，圖釘和安金扣針全都散落在地板上。

考查動詞辨析。四個選型都是對應(yīng)動詞的過去分詞形式表被動。Scatter使分散;litter把……弄得亂七八糟;spray噴灑;separate使分離。因此A符合句意。

7.單選題

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。前后各有謂語動詞部分，因此空格處需要填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞。后半句空格后是名詞mind，是主語的一部分，因此只能填入C選項(xiàng)whose修飾，后半句是由whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是夢想家，他的意識并不存在于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中。

8.單選題

Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.Asrecentlyas1910,thiswastheprevailingconditionintheUnitedStates.Ifhecamefromanonliteratebackground,therecentimmigrantlearnedtospeak,move,andthinklikeanAmericanbyusinghiseyesandearsonthelaborlineandinthehomesofmoreacculturatedcousins,bywatchingschoolchildren,orbyabsorbingthestandardsoftheteacher,theforeman,theclerkwhoservedhiminthestore.Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.Andatasimplerlevel,thereweretheWesternandHollywoodfairytaleswhichpointedamoralbutdidnot,asarule,teachtablemanners.

WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin,theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.Doctoredlifehistories,posedcarelessness,“candid”shotsofpeopleintheirownhomeswhichtookhourstoarrange,picturesshotfromreallifetoscriptswrittenmonthsbeforesupplementedbynationalpollsandsurveyswhichassuredthereaderthatthisbobbysoxerdidindeedrepresentanationalnormoragrowingtrend—replacedtheoldermodels.

1.Thisarticleisbasedontheideathat（）.

2.Storiesofthesecondgenerationbattlingagainstthelimitationsofthefirstwereoftenresponsiblefor（）.

3.ThecountermovementagainstHollywoodwasamovement（）.

4.Theauthorattributesthechangeinattitudessince1910to（）.

5.Theword“distortions”attheendofthe1stsentenceinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peopletodaynolongerfollowmodels

B.peopleattachlittleimportancetowhoevertheyfollow

C.peoplegenerallypatterntheirlivesaftermodels

D.peoplenolongerrespectheroes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inspiringliterateimmigrants

B.frustratingeducatedimmigrants

C.preventingtheassimilationofimmigrants

D.instillingintoimmigrantsanantagonisticattitudetowardtheirforebears

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.towardrealism

B.towardfantasy

C.againsttheteachingofmorals

D.awayfromrealism

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alogicalevolutionofideas

B.widespreadmoraldecay

C.theinfluenceofthepress

D.aphilosophyofplenty

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.presentations

B.misinterpretations

C.influences

D.limitations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inmostofthehumancivilizationofwhichwehaveanyproperrecords,youthhasdrawnoneitherartorlifeformodels,planningtoemulatetheheroesdepictedinepicsontheshadowplayscreenorthestage,orthoseknownhumanbeings,fathersorgrandfathers,chiefsorcraftsmen,whoseeverycharacteristiccanbestudiedandimitated.（在我們有記錄的大多數(shù)人類文明中，青年都以藝術(shù)或生活為范本，計(jì)劃模仿在皮影戲屏幕或舞臺上演出的史詩中描繪的英雄，或那些有名的人類、父輩或祖輩、酋長或工匠，他們的每一個特征都可以研究和模仿。），說明有史以來年輕人都會將各種各樣的人作為偶像來模仿，整篇文章都是圍繞著這個觀點(diǎn)展開論述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們通常會模仿偶像的生活”正確。A選項(xiàng)“今天的人們不再模仿偶像”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在這還是美國的普遍情況，所以A錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“人們對模仿的人都不重視”，D選項(xiàng)“人們不再尊重英雄”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句Fortheliterateandtheliteratechildrenofthenouliterate,therewasart—thestoryofthefrustratedartistintheprairietown,ofthesecondgenerationbattlingwiththelimitationsofthefirst.（對于努士人的文人和文人子女來說，有藝術(shù)的故事——在大草原城鎮(zhèn)失意的藝術(shù)家的故事，第二代人與第一代人的局限性斗爭的故事。），說第二代移民藝術(shù)家努力克服父輩缺陷的故事是用來激勵移民變得有文化。因此A選項(xiàng)“激勵有文化的移民”正確。B選項(xiàng)“使受過教育的移民感到失望”，C選項(xiàng)“防止移民的同化問題”，D選項(xiàng)“向移民灌輸對其祖先的敵視態(tài)度”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays—anecessarysubstituteforproletarianartamongmiddleclasswriterswhoknewnothingaboutproletarians,andmiddleclassreaderswhoneededtheshockofverisimilitude—anewerainAmericanlifewasusheredin（隨著反好萊塢運(yùn)動的發(fā)展，隨著攝影的興起，隨著《時代-生活-財(cái)富》式的報(bào)道，以及《紐約客》用死板的方式描述一個被遺忘的街道上的舊衣商的生活，或者說是用“準(zhǔn)確”的方式來呈現(xiàn)，“檢查”了一些人的生活細(xì)節(jié)，這些人的顯赫地位給了至少一種許可攻擊他們，隨著大蕭條時期對“人類文獻(xiàn)”的熱情——在對無產(chǎn)階級一無所知的中產(chǎn)階級作家和需要真實(shí)性沖擊的中產(chǎn)階級讀者中，這是無產(chǎn)階級藝術(shù)的必要替代物——美國生活迎來了一個新的時代。），說明在反對好萊塢的運(yùn)動中，真實(shí)的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活被呈現(xiàn)出來，開啟了美國的新時代。因此A選項(xiàng)“走向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”正確。B選項(xiàng)“走向幻想”，C選項(xiàng)“違背道德教育”，D選項(xiàng)“脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句WiththedevelopmentofthecountermovementagainstHollywood,withtheefflorescenceofphotography,withTime-Life-Fortunetypesofreportingandthedead-panNewYorkermannerofdescribingthelifeofanold-clothesdealerinaforgottenstreetorofpresentingthe“accurate”,“checked”detailsofthelivesofpeoplewhoseeminencegaveatleastasortoflicensetoattackthem,withthepassionfor“humandocuments”inDepressiondays（隨著反好萊塢運(yùn)動的發(fā)展，隨著攝影的興起，隨著《時代-生活-財(cái)富》式的報(bào)道，以及《紐約客》用死板的方式描述一個被遺忘的街道上的舊衣商的生活，或者說是用“準(zhǔn)確”的方式來呈現(xiàn)，“檢查”了一些人的生活細(xì)節(jié)，這些人的顯赫地位給了至少一種許可攻擊他們，隨著大蕭條時期對“人類文獻(xiàn)”的熱情），說明1910年以來人們態(tài)度變化的原因是多種多樣的。因此D選項(xiàng)“豐富的理論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“思想的邏輯演變”，B選項(xiàng)“普遍的道德敗壞”，C選項(xiàng)“新聞界的影響”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯誤。

5.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句theerainwhichyoungpeopleimitatedneitherlifenorartnorfairytale,butinsteadwerepresentedwithmodelsdrawnfromlifewithminimalbutcrucialdistortions.（在這個時代，年輕人既不模仿生活，也不模仿藝術(shù)或童話，他們看到的是生活中的偶像，這些偶像就沒有受到關(guān)鍵的扭曲。），說明在反好萊塢運(yùn)動中，年輕人不再模仿生活中、或藝術(shù)及電影中的偶像，而是看到了真正來自于生活的沒有被扭曲的偶像人物，此處“distortions”指的是偶像人物被誤解。所以B選項(xiàng)“誤解”正確。A選項(xiàng)“介紹”，C選項(xiàng)“影響”，D選項(xiàng)“限制”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

9.單選題

I（

）youthatthegoodswillbedeliverednextweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ensure

B.assure

C.confirm

D.insist

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ensure“確保，保證”，指確保某事會發(fā)生，賓語一般接物，而不是人；B選項(xiàng)assure“使確信，向……保證”，其后賓語一搬接人；C選項(xiàng)confirm“（尤指提供證據(jù)來）證實(shí)，證明，確認(rèn)”；D選項(xiàng)insist“堅(jiān)決要求，堅(jiān)持”。由賓語you可知選B。句意：我向你保證，這批貨將于下周交貨。

10.單選題

______thewall,wedecidedthatweshouldneedthreetinsofpaint.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Makingup

B.Doingup

C.Puttingup

D.Sizingup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配的用法。A項(xiàng)makeup“構(gòu)成、化妝”；B項(xiàng)doup“扎、捆”；C項(xiàng)putup“舉起、建造”；D項(xiàng)sizeup“判斷、估量”；句意：我們估量了一下這面墻，決定需要三罐油漆。因此該題D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Basedonaccumulatedsocialresearch,therenowcanbelittledoubtthatsuccessfulandwelladjustedchildreninmodernsocietiesaremostlikelytocomefromtwo-parentfamiliesconsistingofthebiologicalfatherandmother.Alternativefamilyformswhichareattempted,suchassingle-parentandstepfamilies,havebeendemonstratedtobeinferiorinchildoutcomes.Therecentmovementawayfromthetwo-natural-parentfamilyhasledtoconsiderablesocialmalaiseamongtheyoung,nottomentionsocialdecayingeneral.

Itcanbearguedthatchildwell-beingwouldbeenhancediffamilieslivedamongcare-givingrelativesandinsupportivecommunities,butthishasbecomeanever-diminishingsituation.Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible.Thestatehastriedtofillthevacuum,burwithoutmuchsuccess.Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory.

Constitutingoneofthegreatestdilemmasfacedbymodernsocieties,however,isthefactthatnuclearfamiliesthemselvesarebreakingapartdramaticallyhighrates.Thechancesinsomesocietiesarenowlessthan50to50,thanksmainlytodivorceandbirths,hatachildwilllivecontinuouslytoadulthoodwithbothnaturalparents.Thisisdespitethefactthat,unlikeintimespast,parentsnowalmostlivetoseetheirchildrenreachmaturity.

Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged.Notsolongagomarriagewasaneconomicbondofmutualdependency,asocialbondheavilyupheldbyextendedfamilies.Today,marriageisnoneofthese.Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport;extendedfamilypressuresonmarriageshaveallbutvanished;andmodernsocietieshavebecomeincreasinglyunconcernedwithreligions.Marriagehasbecomeapurelyindividualpursuit,animpliedandnotveryenforceablecontractbetweentwopeople;arelationshipdesignedtosatisfybasicneedsforintimacy,dependencyandsex.Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved.Moreover,moreoftheeverydayneeds,traditionallymetbymarriage,canbemetinotherdays,suchasthroughthemarketplace.

Withitssurroundingandsupportingsocialstructurescollapsing,cantherebeanyhopethatthenuclearfamilycanberevived?Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind.Iftheevolutionarybiologistsarecorrect,humanbeingsareapair-bodingspecies.

1.Whichofthefollowingfamilyformsmaybeidealforachild'swell-being?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetrendofmodernfamiliestoday?

3.Thehighbreak-uprateoftwoparentnuclearfamiliescanbeattributedto（）.

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtherevivalofnuclearfamilyis（）.

5.Theword"affluence"(Paragraph4)isinsimilarmeaningto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Extendedfamily

B.Single-parentfamily

C.Stepfamily

D.Nuclearfamily

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Easily-dissolvedpartnership.

B.Ever-diminishingcohesiveneighborhood.

C.Decreasingnumberofextendedfamilies.

D.Husbandandwifeheldinpassiveobedience.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.socialdecayingeneral

B.custompressure

C.collapseoftheeconomicbondofmarriage

D.thecompletelydifferentnatureofmarriage

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.hopeless

D.mournful

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.health

C.culturalrefinement

D.modernconveniences

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thetwo-parentnuclearfamilythereforemaybemoreimportanttodayforchildren,andforsocietyingeneral,thaneverbeforeinhistory(因此，雙親核心家庭在今天對兒童和整個社會可能比歷史上任何時候都更加重要)。由此可知，如今對孩子成長最理想的家庭模式是two-parentnuclearfamily(雙親核心家庭)。故選D。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:容易破裂的婚姻。B:不斷疏遠(yuǎn)的鄰里關(guān)系。C:大家庭數(shù)量減少。D:處于被動服從地位的丈夫和妻子。第二段指出:Historically,asubstantialstrippingdownhasoccurredofboththeextendedfamilyandthecohesiveneighborhood,andthistrendisprobablyirreversible(從歷史角度看，大家庭數(shù)量大幅縮水，緊密的鄰里關(guān)系也變得更加疏遠(yuǎn)，而且這種發(fā)展趨勢是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)。因此B跟C項(xiàng)屬于現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢。第四段指出:Whentheseneedschange,orwhenapresumptivelybetterpartnerisdiscovered,marriagesareeasilydissolved(當(dāng)這些需求發(fā)生改變，或者當(dāng)一位看似更加合適的伴侶出現(xiàn)后婚姻就會很容易破裂)。因此A項(xiàng)也是現(xiàn)代家庭的趨勢。只有D項(xiàng)未在文中體現(xiàn)，本題選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段:Onefundamentalreasonforthehighbreak-uprateisthatthenatureofmarriagehaschanged(高離婚率的一個根本原因是婚姻的本質(zhì)發(fā)生了改變)。因此D項(xiàng)“婚姻本質(zhì)發(fā)生改變”正確。

第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:Yesthebasisforhopeliesinthefundamentalbiologicalandpsychologicalmakeupofhumankind(是的——希望的基礎(chǔ)在于人類基本的生理和心理構(gòu)成)。由此可見，作者對于核心家庭的復(fù)興的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的。

第5題:詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第四段:Theeconomicbondhasbecomedisplacedbyaffluence,byfemaleeconomicpursuit,andbystatesupport（女性對經(jīng)濟(jì)的追求及政府的支持已取締了這一經(jīng)濟(jì)紐帶)。由此可知，affluence表示與“經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”相關(guān)的意思。因此A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”正確。

12.單選題

Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatenoughlarge

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

ScientistsbelievethatthereisnotenoughoxygenintheMoon’satmosphereto（）plantlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.personalize

C.sustain

D.describe

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析sustain。意為“維持，保持”，符合句意。

14.單選題

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubjectwhichhasblightedtheirholidaysandruinedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC'sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics—includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics.

TheESRCthinksitmightnotbeabadthingifPhDstudentsweremoremodestintheiraims.Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.Soinfutureitsgrantswillbegivenonlywhereitisconvincedthatstudentsarebeingtrainedasresearchers,ratherthancarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudies.

TheESRCcannotdictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers,orforcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime.Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways.Recalcitrantprofessorsshouldnotethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandalesselaboratestyleofthesis,too.

1.Bytimenewdoctorsgetajobandtrytofinishtheirthesesinsparetime,（）.

2.OxfordUniversitywouldbeexcludedoutofthoseuniversitiesthatreceivePhDgrantsfromESRC,becausethecompletionrateofitsPhDstudents'theseswithinfouryearsislowerthan（）.

3.AllthefollowingstatementsaretheargumentsagainstESRC'spolicyEXCEPT（）.

4.TheESRCwouldprefer（）.

5.WhattheESRCcandoisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemdiedofsomesickness

B.theirholidaysandeveningshavebeenruinedbytheirjobs

C.mostofthemarecompletelytiredofthenarrowlydefinedsubject

D.mostoftheirgrantsrunout

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.25%

B.40%

C.39%

D.10%

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alltheinstitutionsontheblacklistarearbitraryandnegative

B.thereisnohardevidencetoprovethatfastercompletionratesresultfromgreaterefficiencyratherthanlowerstandardsorlessambitiousdoctoraltopics

C.manyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses

D.somepolytechnicsarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thatthestudentswerecarryingoutpurelyknowledge-basedstudiesratherthanbeingtrainedas

B.researchers

C.toseehigherstandardsofPhDstudents'thesesandmoreambitiousdoctoraltopics

D.moresystematicteachingofresearchskillstofewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedoninexperiencedyoungPhDstudents

E.thatPhDstudentswerelessmodestintheiraims

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.forcedepartmentstogivegraduatesmoreteachingtime

B.trytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways

C.dictatethestandardofthesisrequiredbyexternalexaminers

D.notethatstudentswantmoreresearchtrainingandlesselaboratestyleofthesis

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段的三、四句"Mostsocial-science...bythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime..."，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“OxfordUniversity”定位到第二段的最后一句，除非結(jié)業(yè)率進(jìn)一步提高，否則這將把73所大學(xué)和理工學(xué)院中的55所排除在外，包括牛津大學(xué)、倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院和倫敦商學(xué)院。根據(jù)上文提到的政策實(shí)施后的第一年，國家平均畢業(yè)率迅速提高到39%，并將在兩年內(nèi)逐步將門檻提高到40%。由此可知，牛津大學(xué)的博士生畢業(yè)率低于39%。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Predictably,...asarbitraryandnegative.”可以預(yù)見的是，抗議的呼聲來自大學(xué)，他們認(rèn)為將整個機(jī)構(gòu)列入黑名單是武斷的和消極的。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是列入黑名單的行為，而不是這些院校本身是武斷的和消極的，所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯誤。選項(xiàng)B，C，D都能在第三段找到對應(yīng)句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Itwouldprefertoseemoresystematicteachingofresearchskillsandfewerunrealisticexpectationsplacedonyoungmenandwomenwhoareundertakingtheirfirstpieceofseriousresearch.”它（ESRC）希望看到更多系統(tǒng)地教授研究技能，減少對正在進(jìn)行第一次認(rèn)真研究的青年男女的不切實(shí)際的期望。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句"Themostitcandoistotrytopersuadeuniversitiestochangetheirways."選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

15.單選題

Medicineachieveditssplendideminencebyapplyingtheprincipleoffragmentationtothehumancondition.Ourbodilyillshavebeensplituprelegatedtodifferentexperts:anitchtothedermatologist,atwitchtotheneurologistandifallelsefails,avisittothepsychiatrist.Forthislast,intangiblefunction&thefamilydoctorhasbeentakenoverbythespecialistconfessional.

InIsrael,youqueueatonedeskforacutfinger,atanotherforasprain,andathirdforshock-evenifallthreesymptomsresultedfromoneaccident.InBritain,boththegrowingimportanceofhospitalfacilitiesandthereluctanceofGE.stounittheirresourceshasgonefartowardsmakingthesurgeryababyorcalminganeurotic.

ConsultantsandG.Psbeginthesameway,asmedicalstudentsobligedtocultivatedetachment.Butwhereasfamilydoctorgetsinvolvedintheintimatedetailsofhis“parish”，theconsultantneedonlymeetaspectsofthepatientrelevanttohisspecialty.Themoreheendeavorstospecialize,themoreextraneousphenomenamustbeshutout.Beyondthetokenbedsideexchangesheneednotgo.

Consequently,inasurgicalward,therearenopeopleatall:onlyanappendectomy,atumor,twohernias,anda“terminalcase”(hospitalsavoidtheword“dying”).Tomakeimpersonalityeasier,bedsarenumberedandpatientsareknownbynumbers.Remotenessprovidesthehospitalwithapracticalworkingcode.

Nursestoohaveevolvedtheirowndefensesystem.Sincetheycareforindividuals,theycouldwithdangerouseasebecometooinvolved.Thenursingprofessionhasthereforeperfecteditsowntechniqueoffragmentation,taskassignment”.Thisenablesonepatient’sneedstobesplitupamongmanynurses.Onejuniorwillgodownarowofbedsinsertingathermometerintoarowofmouths.Whethertheownersareasleepordrinkingteaisirrelevant;thejobcomesfirst,inherfinalyear,astudentwillundertakethepre-medicationofpatientsontheatre-list.Shehasbythattimelearnttoseethemasobjectsforinjection,notfrightenedpeople.

Nursingleadersrealizethedrawbacksinthissystem.There-hasbeentalkofgroup-assignmenttolinknurseswithparticularpatientsandgivesomecontinuity.Buttheactualnumberofexperimentscanbecountedononehand.Nurses,astheyoftenplead,touchingly,“areonlyhuman”.Theyshunresponsibilityforlifeanddeath,ifresponsibilityissplitintoakaleidoscopeofurines,itweighslessonanyoneperson.

1.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassagenursesare（

）.

3.Inthispassage,thewriterisultimatelysuggestingthat（

）.

4.Accordingtothewriterstheattemptsbynursingleaderstoimprovethesystem

5.Theword“shun”inthelastparagraphmeans（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.overpaidanduncaring

B.overworkedandunfairlycriticized

C.overwhelmedandundervalued

D.uncaringbutefficient

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.healthcarehasbecomemoreefficient

B.healthcarehasbecomelesscaring

C.hospitalshavetoomanyspecialists

D.thereshouldbemoreopportunitiesforamateursinhospitals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.astepinthefightdirection

B.impressive

C.few

D.flawed

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dodge

B.claim

C.appreciate

D.undertake

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理。作者通篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員不把病人當(dāng)活生生的人，而只是看成需要處理改善的對象。故選B。

2.歸納推理。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知,護(hù)士們雖然冷漠但是高效。

3.判斷推理。本篇都在說當(dāng)今醫(yī)護(hù)人員只把病人看成一個個的需要處理改善的對象而不是有感情的人。因此推測本題選B項(xiàng)(醫(yī)護(hù)變得冷漠了)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。文中倒數(shù)最后一段第二行"Buttheactualnumberof...canbecountedononehand."可以得出答案。

5.詞義題。單詞“shun”所在句句意:他們逃避對生命和死亡的責(zé)任。shun意為“避免，躲開’，因此選A項(xiàng)dodge(閃開躲開)。

16.翻譯題

1.2008年，當(dāng)5名創(chuàng)始者建立一個新的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時候，他們沒有想到wowWwow.Com會在經(jīng)濟(jì)消沉?xí)r期，重新喚起中年專業(yè)人士的才華，使他們進(jìn)入嶄新的更加有前途的職業(yè)生涯。

2.該實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目針對的不是年輕的新手，確切地說，是針對掌握可出售技能的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的商界女性，這些人在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時期需要新的技能，去開創(chuàng)另一份工作。

3.隨著越來越多的報(bào)紙和雜志轉(zhuǎn)向在線，需要新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版技能，而傳統(tǒng)的出版媒體人才正在被取代。

4.那是接受第一個實(shí)習(xí)生（免費(fèi)的）時的情景，該人55歲，她開始聽課，觀看、學(xué)習(xí)、操作，向比她年輕得多，精通技術(shù)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)作家求教。

5.對這個實(shí)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的正面議論證實(shí)，wowWwow的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持其網(wǎng)站宗旨：交流專業(yè)和個人經(jīng)歷，鼓勵他人，使世界更美好。

【答案】1.Whenfivefounderslaunchedanewsocialnetworkin2008,theyhadnoideathatwowWwow.Comwouldrevivethetalentsofmiddle-agedprofessionalsandlaunchthemintonewandmorepromisingcareersduringadownturnintheeconomy.

2.Theinternshipprogramisnotaimedatyoungbeginners,butrather,atexperiencedbusinesswomenwithsaleableskillswhoneednewskillstostartanotherjobduringtherecession.

3.Asmorenewspapersandmagazinesmoveonline,newonlinepublishingskillsareneeded,andtraditionalpublishingmediatalentsarebeingreplaced.

4.Thatwasthescenewhenthefirst(free)internwasaccepted:a55-year-oldwomanbeganlisteningtothelectures,watching,learning,andmanipulating,andturnedtoamuchyounger,tech-savvywebwriterforadvice.

5.PositivecommentsabouttheinternshipprogramconfirmthatwowWwow’ssocialnetworksupportsitsmission:toexchangeprofessionalandpersonalexperiences,toencourageothers,andtomaketheworldabetterplace.

17.單選題

Topmarathonrunnerstendtobeleanandlight,starswimmersarelongthighswithhugefeetandgoldmedalweightliftersaresolidblocksofmusclewithshortarmsandlegs.So,doesyourphysicalshape—--andthewayyourbodyworks—--fityouforaparticularsport?Ordoesyourbodydevelopacertainwaybecauseofyourchosensport?

“It’sabout55:45,genestotheenvironment,”saysMikeRennie,professorofclinicalphysiologyatBritain’sUniversityofNottinghamMedicalSchoolRenniecitesthecaseofidenticaltwinsfromGermany,oneofwhomwasalong-distanceathlete,theotherapowerfulsportsman,so,“Theylookquitedifferent,despitebeingidenticaltwins.”

Someonewho’s1.5meterstallhaslittlechanceofbecominganelitebasketballplayer.Still,beingovertwometerstallwon’tautomaticallypushyoutoOlympicgold.“Unlessyouhavetacticalsensewhereneeded,unlessyouhaveaccesstogoodequipment,medicalcareandthepsychologicalconditions,andunlessyouareabletodriveyourselfthroughpain,allthephysicalstrengthwillbeinvain,”saidCraigSharp,professorofsportsscienceatBritain’sBrunelUniversity.

JonathanRobinson,anappliedsportsscientistattheUniversityofBath’ssportsdevelopmentdepartment,insouthwestEngland,pointstotheimportanceoftechnique.“Inswimmingonly5-10percentofthepropellingforcecomesfromthelegs,sotechniqueisvital.”

Havingtherightphysiquefortherightsportisagoodstartingpoint.Seventeenyearsago,theAustralianInstituteofSportstartedanationalTalentSearchProgram,whi