考研考博-英語-同濟大學(xué)浙江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-同濟大學(xué)浙江學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

ManyofthesecompaniesmovedtotheInlandSouthtotake()ofthelowerwagesandthelackofstronglaborunionsintheregion.

問題1選項

A.profit

B.advantage

C.favor

D.adventure

【答案】B

【解析】takeadvantageof為固定搭配，意為利用。句意：許多這樣的公司搬到南方內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，以利用當(dāng)?shù)毓べY較低和缺乏強有力的工會的優(yōu)勢。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Her（

）mannerembarrassedtheothersattheparty.

問題1選項

A.affable

B.tractable

C.sapid

D.gauche

【答案】D

【解析】affable和藹可親的，友善的；tractable易于管教的，易駕馭的；sapid有滋味的，有趣的；gauche笨拙的，粗魯?shù)?，不善交際的。句意：她在聚會上笨拙的舉止使其他人感到很尷尬。選項D符合句意。

3.單選題

IhadvisitedthecapitalbeforealthoughmyfriendArthurhadnot,IfirstvisitedLondonasastudent,reluctantlyreleasedfromthebosomofatearfulmum,withatravelingtrunkstuffedfullofhome-madefruitcakesandwoollyvests.Iwasill-preparedfortheSpartanstandardsoftheSouth.Througheventhegrimmestpost-wardays,askidswehadploughedourwaythroughcornercutsofbeefandsteamedpuddings.SoyoucanimaginemydismaywhenIarrived,thatfirstday,atmyLondondigstobefacedwithaplateoftuna-pastesandwichesandathinsliceofcakeleftcurlingunderatea-towel.AndthatwassupposedtobeSundaylunch!

WhenIeventuallycaughtupwithmyextremelyirritatinglandlady,ImetwithavisionofsplendormoreinkeepingwiththeRoyalEnclosureattheracesthantheareainwhichshelived.Festoonedwithjewelsandfursandplasteredwithexclusivecosmetics,shewasawalkingadvertforBondStreet.

Now,wehaveanonetooelegantbutveryaptphraseforthisintheNorthofEngland,anditwastheonemyfriendArthurtodescribeLondonafterthreedaysthere:“Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath.”

Takeourhotel.Thereceptionareawasplushandinviting,theloungeanddining-roompoorenoughtostartArthurspeaking“properly”.Butjourneyupstairsfromonelandingtothenext,attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes.Bythetimewereachedourroom,allpretensiontorefinementandcomforthaddisappeared.Thefurcoatwasoff(backinthebandsofthehirepurchasecompany),andwhatwewerereallyexpectedtoputupwithforasmallfortuneanightwasexposedinallitsshamefulnakedness.Itwaslittlemorethanagarret,ashabbyaffairwithpatchedandpeelingwalls.TherewasastainedsinkwithpipesthatgrumbledandmutteredallnightlongandanassortmentoffurnishingsthatwouldhavedisgracedHerMajesty’sPrisonService.Butthecrowningglorywastheviewfromthewindow.Apeekbehindthehandsomefacadeofourfabledcity,rankgardenschokedwithrubbish,allthedebrisoflifepiledagainstthebackdoor.Itwasagoodjobthewindowdidn’topen,becausefromitallarosetheunmistakableodoroftheabyss.

Arthur,whosemumstillpolishesherbackstepanddisinfectsherdustbinonceaweek,slumpedontothebedinasuddenfitofdepression.“Nevermind,”Isaid,drawingthecurtains.“Youcanwatchtelly.”Thiswasoneofthehotel’sluxuries,whichinthenewspaperadhadpersuadedusweweregoingtospendtheweekinstyle.Itturnedouttobeayellowingplasticthingwithapicturewhichrolledoverandoverlikeaflounderingfishuntilyoutookyourfisttoit.ButArthurwasn’tgoingtobeconsoledbyanycheaptechnologicalgimmicks.

Hewassurehisdadhadforgottentofeedhispigeonsandthathisdogswerepiningawayforhim.Hegrewhorriblyhomesick.Afteraterriblenightspenttossingandturningtoaceaselesscacophonyofpipesandfiredoors,traffic,drunksandlow-flyingaircraft,Arthursurfacednextdaylikeaclaustrophobicmole.Londonhadgotsquarelyontopofhim.Sevenmillionpeoplehadsatonhimallnight,breathedhisair,generallyfouledhislivingspace,andcomebetweenhimandthatdailyquotaofprivacyandpeacewhichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners.

ArthurhadtobegotoutofLondonforawhile.

1.Whenthewriterfirstcametothecapital（）.

2.ThewriterwassurprisedatwhathereceivedforSundaylunchbecause（）.

3.ThelandladyseemedtoepitomizeaphraseusedintheNorthofEnglandtoindicatethatthingswere（）.

4.Theroomwhichthewriterandhisfriendweretoshare（）.

5.Thewriterfeelsthatinordertoremainsane,oneneedsacertainamountof（）.

問題1選項

A.hehadbeenveryreluctanttoleavehismother

B.hismotherhadnotwantedhimtoleavehome

C.hehadmadenopreparationsforhisjourneysouth

D.hehadsenthispossessionsonaheadinatrunk

問題2選項

A.foodhadalwaysbeenplentifulathome

B.hehadbeenusedtogrimmertimesathome

C.thingshadbeendifficultafterthewarupNorth

D.beefhadalwaysbeenavailablefromthebutcheronthecornerathome

問題3選項

A.tenderunderneaththesurface

B.vulnerabletotheoutsideworld

C.moreprofoundthantheyseemed

D.beautifulbutonlysuperficially

問題4選項

A.wasmoresuitedtohousingprisonersthanhotelguests

B.hadamagnificentviewfromoneofitswindows

C.hadadoorwhichprovidedaccesstoarubbishtip

D.wassituatedabovesomefoul-smellinggardens

問題5選項

A.physicalexercise

B.freshair

C.dailynourishment

D.breathingspace

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:文章第一段提到我第一次在倫敦旅行時還是個學(xué)生。那時候依依不舍地離開媽媽的懷抱，還提著一個裝滿家里做的水果蛋糕和羊毛背心的旅行箱。所以選項B符合題意。

第2題:文章第一段提到盡管是在戰(zhàn)后艱苦的日子，我們依然能吃到牛肉和蒸布丁，所以可以想象當(dāng)?shù)谝惶斓竭_倫敦寓所吃的食物的沮喪心情。所以選項A符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由題干定位至第三段。作者認為旅店女老板的裝扮非常俗氣，而他的朋友亞瑟在那里待了三天后對倫敦的描述是：“所有的都是毛皮外套，里面什么都沒有”（Allfurcoatandnothingunderneath）。而后面一段描述了豪華的接待區(qū)和破敗的休息室和餐廳以及閣樓水槽等，并說到文明的表象就在你眼前消失了（attheveneersofcivilizationfellawaybeforeyoureyes）。由此可知，豪華的外表下竟是破敗的內(nèi)在。因此D項“虛有其表”正確。

第4題:作者和他的朋友的房間并不比頂樓大多少，四周是斑駁的墻壁。有一個褪了色的水池，水管整夜響不停，擺放的幾件家具還比不上英國監(jiān)獄局的。所以選項A符合題意。

第5題:文章倒數(shù)第一段提到日常的隱私和平靜可以保護我們不會墮落成瘋狂的兇手（whichpreventsusallfromdegeneratingintomadaxemenorreservoirpoisoners），即一個人需要休息的場所和喘息的時間。所以選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Somepeoplecriticizefamilydoctorsfor（）toomanymedicinesforminorillnesses.

問題1選項

A.prescribing

B.ordering

C.advising

D.delivering

【答案】A

【解析】prescribing規(guī)定,開藥；ordering訂購；advising建議；delivering發(fā)表,投遞。句意：有些人批評家庭醫(yī)生為小病開的藥過多。

5.單選題

AUCSFstudyhasrevealednewinformationabouthowthebraindirectsthebodytomakemovements.Thekeyfactoris“noise”inthebrain’ssignaling,andithelpsexplainwhyallmovementisnotcarriedoutwiththesamelevelofprecision.

Understandingwherenoisearisesinthebrainhasimplicationsforadvancingresearchinneuromotorcontrolandindevelopingtherapiesfordisorderswherecontrolisimpaired,suchasParkinson’sdisease.

Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”saysStephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Studyco-investigatorsareLeslieC.Osborne,PhD,apostdoctoralfellowatUCSF,andWilliamBialek,PhD,professorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

Thestudyfindings,reportedintheSeptember15issueofthejournalNature,arepartofongoingresearchbyLisbergerandcolleaguesontheneuralmechanismsthatallowthebraintolearnandmaintainskillsandbehavior.Thesebasicfunctionsarecarriedoutthroughthecoordinationofdifferentnervecellswithinthebrain’sneuralcircuits.“Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions,”Lisbergerexplains.“Butthemovementsaren’talwaysperfect.Soweasked,whatgetsintheway?”Theanswer,hesays,is“noise”,whichisdefinedasthedifferencebetweenwhatisactuallyoccurringandwhatthebrainperceives.Heoffersmakingafoulshotinbasketballasanexample.Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.

“Understandinghownoiseisreducedtoveryprecisecommandshelpsusunderstandhowthosecommandsarecreated,”saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.

Inthestudy,theresearchteamfocusedonamovementthatallprimatesareveryskilledat:aneyemovementknownas“smoothpursuit”thatallowstheeyestotrackamovingtarget.Inaseriesofexerciseswithmonkeysinwhichtheanimalswouldtrackvisualtargets,theresearchersmeasuredneuralactivityandsmoothpursuiteyemovements.Fromthisdata,theteamanalyzedthedifferencebetweenhowaccuratelytheanimalsactuallytrackedamovingobjectandhowaccuratelythebrainperceivedthetrajectory.Findingsshowedthatboththesmoothpursuitsystemandthebrain’sperceptualsystemwerenearlyequal.

“Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources,”saysLisberger.“Anditshowsthatbothprocessesareverygoodatreducingnoise.”Heconcludes,“Becausethebrainisnoisy,ourmotorsystemsdon’talwaysdowhatittellsusto.Makingprecisemovementsinthefaceofthisnoiseisachallenge.”

1.Ofthefollowingmovementsinstructedbythebrain,whichoneisNOTmentionedinthearticle?

2.Howdoesthebraindirectabodymovement?

3.Howdoes“noise”affectabasketballplayer’sperformance?

4.Whichofthefollowingtitlesdoesn’tbelongtoStephenLisberger?

5.Thefindingsofthestudywithmonkeysshowthat（）.

問題1選項

A.Pointingatanobject.

B.Walkingthroughadoorway.

C.Jogging.

D.Typing.

問題2選項

A.Bysendingsignalstothemusclesdirectly.

B.Bycombiningtheelectricalactivityofneurons.

C.Bysendingnervecellstothemuscles.

D.Bycreatingdifferentnervecircuits.

問題3選項

A.Ithelpshimhitthetargeteverytime.

B.Itmakeshimaperfectplayer.

C.Itmakeshimmisstheshotsometimes.

D.Itallowshimtofollowthebraininstruction.

問題4選項

A.HowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigator.

B.DirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenter.

C.UCSFprofessorofphysiology.

D.ProfessorofphysicsatPrincetonUniversity.

問題5選項

A.theeyemovementisnotinfluencedbythenoise

B.theanimalscantrackamovingtargetaccurately

C.differentneuralprocessesarelimiteddifferentlybydifferentnoisesources

D.thesamenoisesourcescanequallyaffectdifferentneuralprocesses

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句Thenewstudywasdeveloped“tounderstandbrainmachinerybehindsuchcommonmovementsastyping,walkingthroughadoorwayorjustpointingatanobject,”（新的研究是為了“了解打字、走過門口或只是指著一個物體等常見動作背后的大腦機制。”），所以A選項“指著一個物體”，B選項“走過門口”，D選項“打字”，均在文中有所提及，排除A，B，D。C選項“慢跑”在文中沒有提及，所以選C。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第三句Tomakeamovement,thebraintakestheelectricalactivityofmanyneuronsandcombinesthemtomakemusclecontractions（大腦將許多神經(jīng)元的電流活動結(jié)合起來，使肌肉收縮，從而做出動作），說明大腦是通過將神經(jīng)元的電流活動結(jié)合起來指揮身體運動的。因此B選項“通過結(jié)合神經(jīng)元的電流活動”正確。A選項“通過直接向肌肉發(fā)出信號”，C選項“通過向肌肉發(fā)送神經(jīng)細胞”，D選項“通過建立不同的神經(jīng)回路”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句Iftherewerenonoiseintheneuromotorsystem,aplayerwouldbeabletoperformthesamemotionoverandoverandnevermissashot.（如果神經(jīng)運動系統(tǒng)中沒有噪音，球員就能反復(fù)做同一個動作，永遠不會失誤。），說明噪音會造成球員的失誤。因此C選項“使他有時會失誤”正確。A選項“能幫助他每次都命中目標”，B選項“使他成為一個完美的球員”，D選項“使他能聽從大腦的指令”和原文表達的意思相反，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句StephenLisberger,PhD,seniorstudyinvestigatorwhoisdirectoroftheW.M.KeckCenterforIntegrativeNeuroscienceattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.（斯蒂芬?里斯伯格博士，高級研究調(diào)查員，他是加州大學(xué)舊金山分校W.M.Keck綜合神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心的主任。），所以B選項“W.M.Keck中心主任”是斯蒂芬?里斯伯格的頭銜，排除B。同時可以定位到文章第五段saysLisberger,whoalsoisaHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorandaUCSFprofessorofphysiology.（里斯伯格說，他也是霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究員和UCSF的生理學(xué)教授。），所以A選項“霍華德休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究員”，C選項“UCSF的生理學(xué)教授”是斯蒂芬?里斯伯格的頭銜，排除A，C。D選項“普林斯頓大學(xué)物理學(xué)教授”，由原文可知這是威廉?比亞萊克博士的頭銜，不符合題意，所以選D。

5.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Thisteachesusthattheseverydifferentneuralprocessesarelimitedtothesamedegreebythesamenoisesources（這告訴我們，這些截然不同的神經(jīng)過程在相同程度上受到相同噪聲源的限制），說明相同噪聲源會影響不同的神經(jīng)過程。因此D選項“相同的噪聲源可以同樣影響不同的神經(jīng)過程”正確。A選項“眼球運動不受噪聲的影響”，B選項“動物能準確地跟蹤移動的目標”，C選項“不同的神經(jīng)過程受到不同噪聲源的限制不同”和原文的表述不符，所以A，B，C錯誤。

6.單選題

Ifyouwanttogetintothattunnel,youfirsthaveto____awayalltherocks.

問題1選項

A.haul

B.transfer

C.repel

D.dispose

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.haul（用力）拖；拉；拽B.transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷

C.repel擊退；驅(qū)逐D.dispose排列；布置；安排

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：如果你想進入隧道，你必須先……所有的巖石。根據(jù)句意，進入隧道前要把阻擋的巖石移走。因此選A選項正確，表示用力拖走巖石。

【干擾項排除】

B選項transfer“（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；搬遷”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、學(xué)校、環(huán)境；該選項不符合語境；

C、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】如果你想進入隧道，你首先得把所有的石頭都拖走。

7.單選題

RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.

Althoughfictionassuredlyspringsfrompoliticalcircumstances,itsauthorsreacttothosecircumstancesinwaysotherthanideological,andtalkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.Rosenblatt’sliteraryanalysisdisclosesaffinitiesandconnectionsamongworksofBlackFictionwhichsolelypoliticalstudieshaveoverlookedorignored.

WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.Firstofall,isthereasufficientreason,otherthantheracialidentitytotheauthors,togrouptogetherworksbyBlackauthors?Second,howdoesBlackFictionmakeitselfdistinctfromothermodernfictionwithwhichitislargelycontemporaneous?RosenblattshowsthatBlackFictionconstitutesadistinctbodyofwritingthathasanidentifiable,coherentliterarytradition.LookingatnovelswrittenbyBlacksoverthelasteightyyears,hediscoversrecurringconcernsanddesignsindependentofchronology.Thesestructuresarethematic,andtheyspring,notsurprisingly,fromthecentralfactthattheBlackcharactersinthesenovelsexistinapredominantlyWhiteculture,whethertheytrytoconformtothatcultureorrebelagainstit.

BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.Forinstance,someofthenovelsappeartobestructurallydiffuse.Isthisadefect,oraretheauthorsworkingoutof,ortryingtoforge,adifferentkindofaesthetic?Inaddition,thestyleofsomeBlacknovels,likeJeanTommer’sCane,vergesonexpressionismorsurrealism;doesthistechniqueprovideacounterpointtotheprevalentthemethatportraysthefateagainstwhichBlackheroesarepitted,athemeusuallyconveyedbymorenaturalisticmodesofexpression?

Inspiteofsuchomissions,whatRosenblattdoesincludeinhisdiscussionmakesforanastuteandworthwhilestudy.BlackFictionsurveysawidevarietyofnovels,bringingtoourattentionintheprocesssomefascinatingandlittle-knownworkslikeJamesWeldonJohnson’sAutobiographyofanEx-coloredMan.Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.

26.TheauthorofthepassageobjectstocriticismofBlackFictionlikethatbyAddisonGaylebecauseit________.

27.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

28.TheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatBlackFictionwouldhavebeenimproved,hadRosenblatt________.

29.Theauthor’sdiscussionofBlackFictioncanbebestdescribedas________.

30.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagewouldbeLEASTlikelytoapproveofwhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.emphasizespurelyliteraryaspectsofsuchfiction

B.misinterpretstheideologicalcontentofsuchfiction

C.misunderstandsthenotionsofBlackidentitycontainedinsuchfiction

D.substitutespoliticalforliterarycriteriainevaluatingsuchfiction

問題2選項

A.evaluatingthesoundnessofaworkofcriticism

B.comparingvariouscriticalapproachestoasubject

C.discussingthelimitationsofaparticularkindofcriticism

D.summarizingthemajorpointsmadeinaworkofcriticism

問題3選項

A.evaluatedmorecarefullytheideologicalandhistoricalaspectsofBlackFiction

B.attemptedtobemoreobjectiveinhisapproachtonovelsandstoriesbyBlackFiction

C.exploredingreaterdetailtherecurrentthematicconcernsofBlackFictionthroughoutitshistory

D.assessedtherelativeliterarymeritofthenovelsheanalyzesthematically

問題4選項

A.pedanticandcontentious

B.criticalbutadmiring

C.ironicanddeprecating

D.argumentativebutunfocused

問題5選項

A.AnanalysisoftheinfluenceofpoliticaleventsonthepersonalideologyofBlackwriters.

B.AcriticalstudythatappliessociopoliticalcriteriatoautobiographiesbyBlackauthors.

C.AliterarystudyofBlackpoetrythatappraisesthemeritsofpoemsaccordingtothepoliticalacceptabilityoftheirthemes.

D.AnexaminationofthegrowthofadistinctBlackliterarytraditionwithinthecontextofBlackhistory.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（例如，艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標準來評價《黑人小說》的價值，根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來對每一部作品進行評級。），可知作者反對艾迪生用政治標準評價《黑人小說》，D選項“用政治標準代替文學(xué)標準來評價這類小說”正確，A選項“強調(diào)這種小說的純文學(xué)方面”錯誤。B選項“誤解了這種小說的意識形態(tài)內(nèi)容”和C選項“誤解了這種小說中包含的黑人身份的概念”不是對艾迪生作品的描述，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

27.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句WritingacceptablecriticismofBlackFiction,however,presupposesgivingsatisfactoryanswerstoanumberofquestions.（然而，要寫出對《黑人小說》的可接受的評論，就必須對一些問題給出令人滿意的答案。），可知作者在討論如何讓對《黑人小說》的評論令大部分人接受，也就是合理，A選項“評價一部評論作品的合理性”正確。B選項“比較對某一主題的各種評論方法”，C選項“討論一種特定評論的局限性”和D選項“總結(jié)評論作品中的主要觀點”文章沒有提到。因此A選項正確。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句Rosenblatt’sthematicanalysispermitsconsiderableobjectivity,heevenexplicitlystatesthatitisnothisintentiontojudgethemeritofthevariousworks,yethisreluctanceseemsmisplaced,especiallysinceanattempttoappraisemighthaveledtointerestingresults.（羅森布拉特的主題分析允許相當(dāng)?shù)目陀^性，他甚至明確表示，他無意評判各種作品的價值，但他的不情愿似乎放錯了地方，特別是因為試圖評價可能會產(chǎn)生有趣的結(jié)果。），可知作者認為要是能夠評價其（文學(xué)）價值就更好了，D選項“評價他從主題上分析的小說的相關(guān)文學(xué)價值”正確，B選項“試圖用更客觀的方法來看待黑人作家的小說和故事”錯誤。A選項“更仔細地評價《黑人小說》的意識形態(tài)和歷史方面”：根據(jù)第二段第一句talkingaboutnovelsandstoriesprimarilyasinstrumentsofideologycircumventsmuchofthefictionalenterprise.（將小說和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討，會在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。），可知作者不支持探討小說的意識形態(tài)，故錯誤。C選項“更詳細地探討《黑人小說》在其歷史上反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的主題關(guān)切”文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

29.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段第一句BlackFictiondoesleavesomeaestheticquestionsopen.（《黑人小說》確實存在一些美學(xué)問題。）和文章最后一句Itsargumentistightlyconstructed,anditsforthright,lucidstyleexemplifieslevelheadedandpenetratingcriticism.（它的論點和結(jié)構(gòu)緊密，直率、清晰的風(fēng)格體現(xiàn)了冷靜和尖銳的批評。），作者指出了《黑人小說》的一些問題，在最后對其進行肯定，B選項“批判而贊賞”正確。A選項“賣弄學(xué)問，有爭議”，C選項“諷刺并反對”和D選項“爭論但不嚴謹”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

30.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段第一句RogerRosenblatt’sbookBlackFiction,inattemptingtoapplyliteraryratherthansociopoliticalcriteriatoitssubject,successfullyalterstheapproachtakenbymostpreviousstudies.（羅杰?羅森布拉特的著作《黑人小說》試圖將文學(xué)而非社會政治標準應(yīng)用于其研究對象，成功地改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法。），可知作者這里想要肯定根據(jù)文學(xué)本身而非政治標準研究文學(xué)，所以C選項“黑人詩歌的文學(xué)研究，根據(jù)詩歌主題的政治可接受性來評價詩歌的價值”，不符合文章意思，正確。A選項“政治事件對黑人作家個人意識形態(tài)的影響分析”和B選項“一項將社會政治標準應(yīng)用于黑人作家自傳的批判性研究”：根據(jù)第一段第二、三句AsRosenblattnotes,criticismofBlackwritinghasoftenservedasapretextforexpoundingonBlackhistory.AddisonGayle’srecentwork,forexample,judgesthevalueofBlackFictionbyovertlypoliticalstandards,ratingeachworkaccordingtothenotionsofBlackidentitywhichitpropounds.（羅森布拉特指出，對黑人作品的批評常常成為闡述黑人歷史的借口。例如，艾迪生?蓋爾最近的作品通過公開的政治標準來評價《黑人小說》的價值，根據(jù)其中提出的黑人身份概念來對每一部作品進行評級。），可知歷史事件常常影響作家，并且作者不贊同通過政治標準評價文學(xué)作品，符合文章意思。D選項“在黑人歷史的背景下考察一個獨特的黑人文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的成長”：文章通過這部改變了以前大多數(shù)研究采用的研究方法的《黑人小說》作為例子講述了黑人文學(xué)的成長，符合文章意思。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Thisnationhasbecomethefastest-growinggrainimportmarket,whichisdrivenbothbyrapidpopulationgrowthandbyrisingaffluence.

問題1選項

A.friction

B.bankruptcy

C.poverty

D.riches

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.friction摩擦；爭執(zhí)B.bankruptcy破產(chǎn)

C.poverty貧困D.riches財富

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文，糧食進口增加，說明花了更多的錢進口糧食，其原因是人口增加以及錢增加，只有D選項riches“財富”符合語境，原詞affluence“富?！?。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均與有更多的錢無關(guān)。

【句意】這個國家已經(jīng)成為增長最快的糧食進口市場，這是由人口快速增長和日益富裕所驅(qū)動的。

9.單選題

Theearlyuseofa[A]completesteelframefortoweringbuildings[B]appearedinthe[C]firstskyscraper,[D]builtonChicagoin1883.

問題1選項

A.complete

B.appeared

C.firstskyscraper

D.builton

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點】介詞的用法。

【解題思路】表達在某個城市時，應(yīng)選用介詞in。因此應(yīng)將D選項改為builtin。

【句意】1883年在芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大樓就使用了完整鋼框架。

10.不定項選擇題

“Theideaofdeath,thefearofit,hauntsthehumananimallikenothingelse,”wroteErnestBeckerinhisbook.Butwedon’tneedtoworrysomuch,accordingtonewresearchcomparingourperceptionofwhatit’sliketodiewiththeaccountsfrompeoplefacingimminentdeath.Researchersanalyzedthewritingsofregularbloggerswitheitherterminalcancerwhoalldiedoverthecourseofthestudy,andcomparedittoblogpostswrittenbyagroupofparticipantswhoweretoldtoimaginetheyhadbeendiagnosedwithterminalcancerandhadonlyafewmonthstolive.Theylookedforgeneralfeelingsofpositivityandnegativity,andwordsdescribingpositiveandnegativeemotionsincludinghappiness,fearandterror.Blogpostsfromtheterminallyillwerefoundtohaveconsiderablymorepositivewordsandfewernegativeonesthanthoseimaginingtheyweredying—andtheiruseofpositivelanguageincreasedastheygotclosertodeath.

LisaIverach,aresearchfellowattheUniversityofSydney,explainedthatthestudyhighlightshowtheparticipantsmayhavebeenlessnegativebecausethemysteryarounddeathwasremoved.“Individualsfacingimminentdeathhavehadmoretimetoprocesstheideaofdeathanddying,andtherefore,maybemoreacceptingoftheinevitabilityofdeath.”Butnotallofuswillknowhow,orwhen,we’regoingtodieinadvance,andthereforewillmissoutonanybenefitstobehadbyuncoveringitsuncertainty.

HaviCarel,ProfessorofPhilosophyattheUniversityofBristol,agreeswiththestudy’sfindingsonhowadaptableweare.“Theinitialshockafterreceivingapoorprognosisishorrific,butaftermonthsoryearsoflivingwiththisknowledge,thedreadsubsides,”shesaid.However,Carelalsopointedoutthatthere’sanimportantdistinctionbetweenpositiveresponsesandpleasantness,andthattherearesomeunpleasantandpainfuleventswe’dstillbepositiveabout,suchaschildbirth.

InWesternculture,wetendtopretenddeathdoesn’texist,whereasresearchhasindicatedthattheEastAsianyinandyangphilosophyofdeath—wherelifecan’texistwithoutdeath—allowsindividualstousedeathasaremindertoenjoylife.“IthinktheUKandtheUSaredeath-denyingcultures,inthatdeathismostlyavoidedasatopic.”Heflicksaid.“Whileavoidingtalkingaboutdeathcanreducediscomfortintheshortterm,itprobablymakesmostofusmuchmoreanxiousaboutdeathinthelongterm.”

36.AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.

37.Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.

38.AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.

39.AccordingtoHaviCarel,thepositivefeelingandunpleasantfeeling________.

40.InAsianculture,peopletakedeathassomething________.

41.PeopleinWesternculturesavoidtalkingaboutdeathbecause________.

問題1選項

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeath

B.regarddeathasanadventure

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeath

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthings

問題2選項

A.aremorethoughtful

B.aremorepositive

C.morefrightened

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlife

問題3選項

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeath

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulminds

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamily

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfully

問題4選項

A.aredifficultforpeopletodistinguish

B.areeasyforpeopletogetusedto

C.maybeunderstoodbetterbywomen

D.couldbeexperiencedatthesametime

問題5選項

A.sensitive

B.deniable

C.toremindpeopletotreasuretheirlife

D.tobedealtwithmoreseriously

問題6選項

A.theywanttoreducetheiranxiety

B.theyenjoyeverydayoftheirlives

C.theyvaluethepresentmorethanthefuture

D.theyprefertoprocesstheideaindividually

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】36.【選項釋義】

AccordingtoErnestBecker,peopleusually________.根據(jù)歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾的說法，人們通常________。

A.havemixedfeelingsaboutdeathA.對死亡有不同的感受

B.regarddeathasanadventureB.視死亡為一種冒險

C.arepuzzledbytherealmeaningofdeathC.對死亡的真正含義感到困惑

D.dreaddeathmostcomparedwithotherthingsD.與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ErnestBecker可以定位到文章第一段第一句“歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾在他的書中寫道：‘死亡的想法和對其的恐懼，無與倫比地（likenothingelse）縈繞著人類?！?，說明歐內(nèi)斯特?貝克爾認為死亡是人類最害怕的事物。因此D選項“與其他事物相比，最害怕死亡”正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對死亡有不同的感受”，B選項“視死亡為一種冒險”和C選項“對死亡的真正含義感到困惑”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

37.【選項釋義】

Accordingtotheresearchers,peoplefacedwithimminentdeath________thanthosewhoimaginedtheyhavecancer.根據(jù)研究人員的說法，面對即將到來的死亡的人比那些想象自己患有癌癥的人________。

A.aremorethoughtfulA.更加深思熟慮

B.aremorepositiveB.更加積極

C.morefrightenedC.更加驚慌失措

D.aremoreconcernedwiththeirlaterlifeD.更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】由題干關(guān)鍵詞imagined可以定位到文章第一段最后一句“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些想象自己即將死亡的人（imaginingtheyweredying）相比，身患絕癥的人的博客文章中有更多積極的詞匯（morepositivewords），而消極的詞匯則更少，而且隨著他們離死亡越來越近，他們使用的積極語言也越來越多?！?，說明研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)即將面臨死亡的人比想象自己患有癌癥即將死去的人更加積極、樂觀。因此B選項“更加積極”正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“更加深思熟慮”和D選項“更關(guān)心自己的晚年生活”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“更加驚慌失措”，文章中描述他們是積極樂觀的，而不是慌張的，屬于反向干擾。

38.【選項釋義】

AccordingtoLisaIverach,peoplewhohavebeendiagnosedwithcanceraremorepositive,because________.根據(jù)麗莎?伊維拉奇的說法，被診斷出患有癌癥的人更加積極，因為________。

A.peopleuncoverthemysteryofdeathA.人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗

B.peoplelearntokeeppeacefulmindsB.人們學(xué)會保持平和的心態(tài)

C.peoplefocustheirmindsonthefamilyC.人們把心思放在家庭上

D.peoplehavetomanagetheirtimemeaningfullyD.人們要有意義地管理自己的時間

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LisaIverach可以定位到文章第二段第一句“悉尼大學(xué)的研究人員麗莎?伊維拉奇解釋說，這項研究強調(diào)了參與者可能因為死亡的神秘感被消除（themysteryarounddeathwasremoved）而變得不那么消極。”，說明麗莎?伊維拉奇對于參與者更加積極這種現(xiàn)象的解釋是他們可能因為消除了圍繞死亡的神秘感而減少了負面情緒。因此A選項“人們揭開了死亡的神秘面紗”正確。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“人們學(xué)會保持平和的心態(tài)”，C選項“人們把心思放在家庭上”和D選項“人們要有意義地管理自己的時間”在文章中均沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項釋義】

AccordingtoHav