考研考博-英語-四川建筑職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川建筑職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.不定項選擇題

VisitingaNationalParkcanberelaxing,inspiringandrejuvenating,butitcanalsobedisturbing.AsyoudriveintoRockyMountainNationalPark,andyouwillseestarvingel,damagedmeadowsanddyingforests.OurparksaregrowingoldbecausewehavemistakenlyprotectedthemfromnationalParks,theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand“death”byoldage.Wemustactsoon:ourparksaredyingofoldagebecausewehavealteredtheforcesinnaturethatkeepthemyoungandstrong.

BytracingthehistoryofourNationalParks,wecanunderstandtheproblemandseewhyweneedactivemanagement.Intheearlypartofthe20thcentury,settlersexploitedwildlifeheavily,resultinginnear-extinctionofmanyspecies.Therefore,severalNationalParkswereestablishedbyCongressprimarilytosaveendangeredanimals.However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.Complicatingtheproblem,the

NationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.Subsequently,elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature,withoutnaturalthinningprocesses.Parkmanagersthoughtthattheywereprotectingtheland,butactuallytheywereremovingimportantcontrolsfromtheforestecosystem.

Clearly,wemustimmediatelyifwewanttopassdowntoourchildrenandgrandchildrenthegreenlegacyofourNationalParks;wemuststepinandrestorethenaturalprocesseswhichwehavealteredthroughourwell-intentioned,butmisguided,policiesinthepast.

1.Accordingtothearticle,strictwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniques（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,therewouldnotbestarvingelks,damagedmeadowsordyingforestsinNationalParksif（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,thepopulationexplosionofelkanddeerwascausedalsoby（）.

4.Fromthearticle,wecandeducethattheauthor（）.

5.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothearticle?

問題1選項

A.causedthenearextinctionoftheendangeredanimals.

B.intervenedthenaturalprocess.

C.madethevisitofNationalParksrelaxing,andinspiringandrejuvenating.

D.savedtheelksintheRockyMountainParkfromstarvation.

問題2選項

A.thegovernmentintroducedstricterwildlifelaws.

B.theNationalParkServiceemployedmorewildlifemanagementtechnique.

C.thenaturalprocesseswererestored.

D.ifwecontinuedtoimproveournaturalenvironment.

問題3選項

A.theadoptionofapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination.

B.theincreasednumberofNationalParks.

C.thedeceasingnumberofvisitorstoNationalParks.

D.theheavyexploitationofendangeredanimalsinthe20century.

問題4選項

A.isinsupportoftheresentpolicies.

B.appreciatesthepresentmanagementtechniques.

C.thinksthattheforcesinnatureshouldbealtered.

D.isstronglyinfavorofthenaturalprocesses.

問題5選項

A.Parkmanagersinterruptedtheforestecosystemsthroughoutthe20thcentury.

B.Flesh-eatinganimalsshouldnotbeeliminated.

C.Insectsuppressionmaycausetheforeststoover-mature.

D.Severedamagetonativevegetationintheforestiscausedbyfire.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。根據文章，嚴格的野生動物保護法和改善后的野生動物管理技術……選項A“造成了瀕危動物的瀕臨滅絕”；選項B“干預了自然過程”；選項C“使參觀國家公園變得輕松愉快充滿活力”；選項D“拯救了洛基山國家公園中快要餓死的麋鹿”，根據文章第二段中“However,stricterwildlifeprotectionlawsandimprovedwildlifemanagementtechniqueresultedingreaterpopulationsofanimalsovercrowdinginareasofhighconcentration,suchastheYellowstoneelkherds.然而，嚴格化的野生動物保護法和改良的野生動物管理技術導致大量的動物擁擠在動物密度非常大的地區(qū)，比如黃石公園的麋鹿”，根據此句可知其所帶來的影響是負面的，故可以排除選項C、D；選項A所表達的意思與此句相反，故錯誤；所以正確答案為選項B。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。根據作者的觀點，國家公園將不會再有快要餓死的麋鹿、被破壞的草地和奄奄一息的森林……選項A“政府采用更加嚴格的野生動物法”；選項B“國家公園管理局采用更多野生動物管理技術”；選項C“重新恢復自然進程”；選項D“我們繼續(xù)改善我們的自然環(huán)境”。根據文章第一段中“theNationalParkServicemustchangeitsmanagementprioritiestopreventoverpopulationofanimalsandtorestorenaturalprocessintheforestinordertopreventtheirstagnationand‘death’byoldage.”國家公園管理局必須改變他們的管理優(yōu)先級來阻止動物數量的增加和恢復自然進程，不讓公園停滯不前或者隨著時間死去，可知“阻止動物數量的增加”和“恢復自然進程”是兩個有效的解決辦法，故正確答案為選項C。

第3題:推理判斷題。根據這篇文章，麋鹿和鹿的數量的激增也是由于什么造成的，選項A“采取了消除食肉動物的政策”；選項B“國家公園數量的增加”；選項C“國家公園游客的減少”；選項D“20世紀對瀕危動物的過度開發(fā)”，根據第二段中“theNationalParkServiceintheearlypartofthe20thcenturyadoptedapolicyofaggressivepredatorelimination,thusreducingnaturalwildlifepopulationcontrol.”國家公園管理局在20世紀早期采取了消除食肉動物的政策，因此失去了對野生動物數量的控制，由此可知采取了消除食肉動物的政策也是麋鹿和鹿的數量激增的一個原因，故正確答案為選項A。

第4題:觀點態(tài)度題。根據這篇文章，我們可以推斷出作者……選項A“支持現有的政策”；選項B“欣賞現有的管理技術”；選項C“認為應該改變自然的力量”；選項D“強烈支持自然進程”，作者在這篇文章中表示了對國家公園管理局采取的對國家公園的管理措施的批判，認為其干預了自然的進程，于是破壞了生態(tài)的平衡，所以作者是支持自然進程的，故正確答案為選項D。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。根據這篇文章，以下哪個陳述是不正確的？選項A“20世紀，公園管理者干擾了森林的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”；選項B“食肉動物不應該被消除”；選項C“防蟲會造成森林的過熟”；選項D“森林中當地蔬菜的嚴重的損害是由火災造成的”，選項A、B符合文章的中心思想，排除；根據文章第二段中“VigorousforestfireandinsectsuppressionintheNationalParksthroughoutthe20thcenturyfurtheralteredthenaturalenvironmentbyallowingforeststoover-mature…整個20世紀國家公園中嚴重的森林火災和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，改變了自然環(huán)境”，可知火災和防蟲造成了森林的過熟，所以選項C正確，排除；根據“elkandpopulationexplodedinmanyNationalParks,resultinginseveredamagetonativevegetation.許多國家公園中麋鹿數量的急劇增加造成了當地蔬菜的嚴重破壞”，可知造成蔬菜破壞的是麋鹿數量的增加，故選項D表達錯誤，故正確答案為選項D。

2.單選題

Itwasreportedthattheproject（

）bytheendofthismonth.

問題1選項

A.willbecompleted

B.wouldhavebeencompleted

C.wouldhavecompleted

D.willhavebeencompleted

【答案】B

【解析】句意：據報道，該項目將于本月底完成。根據was和by+時間可知，這里應該用would+過去完成時，首先排除選項A和D；項目是被完成，所以選項B正確。

3.單選題

AbudgetapprovedbytheEuropeanParliamentfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunitywasdeclaredadoptedTuesdaydespiteoppositionbyministers.ThepresidentoftheParliament,SimoneVeil,signedthe$24.2billion1982budget,（1）theEECintoitsthird

（2）budgetconflict.

Minutesafterreceivinga

（3）fromministersto

（4）thesigningtogivetimetoworkouta

（5），VeiltoldBritain'sFinancialSecretarytotheTreasury,NicholasRidley,shehadadoptedthebudget.

Ridleytoldreporters

（6）speakingtoVeilbytelephone,"Shehasadoptedit,andsheisabsolutely

（7）thattheministersshouldwritetoherinthiswaywithout（8）consultation”.

EECsources

（9）mostmemberstateswouldprobably

（10）tomakefullpaymentstothebudgetasadopted,andtheconflictwaslikelyto

（11）wellintonextyear.

Theministers'lettertoVeil,

（12）afterameetinginBrusselsTuesday,（13）ofseriousconsequences

（14）thebudgetwereadopted.

“Thecouncilofministersappealstoyoutoputofftileadoptionofthe1982budget

（15）aconsensuscanbefound..."itsaid.

Theadoption

（16）sixmonthsoftortuousnegotiationsbetweenthe434-memberAssemblyandEECbudgetministersover1982

（17）.

（18）wasblockedinthe

（19）byparliament’sadditionearlierthismonthofsome$250millionmuchofitforjobsprograms.

Thenumberofpeopleoutof

（20）intheEECinNovemberreachedarecordofalmost10millionorninepercentoftheworkingpopulation,accordingtotheEECstatisticsoffice.

問題1選項

A.undergoing

B.confronting

C.plunging

D.converting

問題2選項

A.consecutive

B.consequent

C.sequential

D.preceding

問題3選項

A.bulk

B.plea

C.honor

D.grant

問題4選項

A.delay

B.detain

C.prolong

D.extend

問題5選項

A.cooperation

B.combination

C.compromise

D.coincidence

問題6選項

A.since

B.before

C.after

D.as

問題7選項

A.furious

B.cautious

C.apprehensive

D.nervous

問題8選項

A.urgent

B.crucial

C.prior

D.durable

問題9選項

A.said

B.questioned

C.told

D.addressed

問題10選項

A.contradict

B.deny

C.refuse

D.concede

問題11選項

A.stretch

B.last

C.gear

D.proceed

問題12選項

A.outlined

B.drafted

C.polished

D.compiled

問題13選項

A.warned

B.disposed

C.dreamt

D.conceived

問題14選項

A.evenif

B.if

C.sothat

D.for

問題15選項

A.until

B.while

C.although

D.since

問題16選項

A.characterized

B.followed

C.stimulated

D.brought

問題17選項

A.spending

B.provisions

C.survey

D.slogan

問題18選項

A.clash

B.agreement

C.option

D.abundance

問題19選項

A.end

B.dawn

C.event

D.dark

問題20選項

A.reach

B.shape

C.pulse

D.work

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考察固定搭配。plungeinto/in使窮苦陷入（或遭受）。選項C符合題意。

（2）考察形容詞詞義辨析。consecutive“連貫的，連續(xù)不斷的”；consequent“隨之發(fā)生的，作為結果的”；sequential“連續(xù)的”；preceding“在前的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵菏笶EC陷入了他們（連續(xù)的）第三次預算的沖突、矛盾中。選項A符合題意。

（3）考察名詞詞義辨析。bulk“體積”；plea“呼吁；懇求”；honor“榮譽”；grant“撥款，授予”。上文提到minister是反對這個方案的，所以此處，他是呼吁推遲這個方案的施行。選項B符合題意。

（4）考察動詞詞義辨析。delay“推遲”；detain“拘留，留住”；prolong“延長”；extend“延伸”。根據第53題的大意，可知選項A符合題意。

（5）考察名詞詞義辨析。cooperation“合作”；combination“結合”；compromise“妥協(xié)”；coincidence“巧合”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐遣块L呼吁推遲通過這個方案的時間來找到折中的方法。選項C符合題意。

（6）考察連詞的用法。根據前文可知Ridley是在與Veil打完電話之后才對記者發(fā)表講話的，所以選項C符合題意。

（7）考察形容詞詞義辨析。furious“憤怒的”；cautious“小心的”；apprehensive“憂慮的，知曉的”；nervous“緊張的”。空格處所在句子的大意是：她感到很憤怒，覺得部長們應該直接寫信給她，而不需要通過先前的會議來與她討論預算撥款的事。選項A符合題意。

（8）考察形容詞詞義辨析。urgent“緊急的”；crucial“重要的”；prior“優(yōu)先的，在先的”；durable“耐用的”。參考第57題句意可知選項C符合題意。

（9）考察動詞詞義辨析。said“宣布，表達”；questioned“質疑”；told“告訴”；addressed“向……講話”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵篍EC的資料顯示，多數部長將有可能拒絕。選項A符合題意。

（10）考察動詞詞義辨析。contradict“矛盾”；deny“否定”；refuse“拒絕”；concede“讓步”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐谴蠖鄶挡块L會拒絕全額支付這個預算方案。選項C符合題意。

（11）考察動詞詞義辨析。stretch“延伸”；last“持續(xù)”；gear“適合”；proceed“進行”。空格處所在句子的大意是：這個爭論可能會持續(xù)的第二年。選項B符合題意。

（12）考察動詞詞義辨析。Outline“概述”；draft“起草”；polish“磨光”；compile“編制”。空格處所在句子的大意是：在星期二的Brussels會議后，部長起草了一封信給Veil。選項B符合題意。

（13）考察動詞詞組辨析。Warnof“警告”；disposeof“處理，處置”；dreamof“夢想”；conceiveof“設想，構想”。空格處所在句子的大意是：告誡如果接受了預算撥款將出現嚴重的后果。選項A符合題意。

（14）考察引導詞的用法。根據上下文，該句是if引導的條件句，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，所以后面的be動詞用的是were。選項B符合題意。

（15）考察連詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵翰块L想讓Veil等到部長們的意見一致了才采用預算撥款。選項A“直到……才”符合題意。

（16）考察動詞詞義辨析。characterize“以……為特征”；follow“跟隨”；stimulate“刺激”；bring“帶來，引來”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵侯A算撥款的采用隨著434名Assembly和EEC的預算部長，經歷了六個月的曲折談判。選項B符合題意。

（17）考察動詞詞義辨析。spend“花費”；provision“供給……食品”；survey“調查”；slogan“標語”。spending與前文的payment構成呼應，符合題意。

（18）考察名詞詞義辨析。clash“沖突”；agreement“協(xié)議”；option“選擇權”；abundance“充裕”。與前文提到的consensus一致，空格處所在句子大意是：協(xié)議最終被議會阻止了。選項B符合題意。

（19）考察固定搭配。intheend“最后”。選項A符合題意。

（20）考察固定搭配。outofwork“失業(yè)”。work與上文的job相照應，符合題意。

4.單選題

PerhapsnosinglemonumentintheUSAisasfamousaretheStateofLiberty.StandingonasmallislandinNewYorkHarbor,thecrownedlady,holdingaloftinherrighthandthetorchoffreedomandinherlefthandatabletwhichisinscribed“July4th,1776”，isasymbolofAmericandemocracy.Sheiscolossal.Sheis151ft.highandthepedestalonwhichshestandsisalmostasmuch.Anelevatortakesvisitorstothetopofthepedestal,aroundwhichabalconyruns.

ASpiralstaircasegoesuptothecrown,andanothertothetorch.TheStateofLibertywasagifttotheUSAfromFrancein1886,asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution.

Formillionsofimmigrants,theStatuewastheirfirstsightofthepromisedland,andforafewitwasalsothelast,astheysailedbackhomeagain.AboutamilefromLibertyIsland,thereisanothersmallisland,calledEllisIsland,whichwaslookeduponwithdreadbytheimmigrants.Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobeexaminedbydoctorsandofficials.MostoftheimmigrantscouldnotspeakawordofEnglish.Butonlytwooutof100immigrantswererefusedadmissiontoNewYorkCity.Oftenthepersonrefusedturnedouttobeagrand-motheroraweary,frightenedgirlmistakenlylabeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimeshusbandsandwiveswerepartedbecauseoneofthemhappenedtohaveabadcoughandwassuspectedofhavingtuberculosis.

NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants.Forfrombeingacitypavedwithgold,itwasacityteemingwithovercrowded,unhealthyandunsafeghettos.Theimmigrantslookedforearlierimmigrantsoftheirownnationalityorreligion.SoItalian,Polish,Irish,Jewishneighborhoodsgrewup.BecausetheycouldnotspeakEnglish,thenewcomersfounditdifficulttogetworkatonce,andtheirlivingquarterswereoftenslums.

However,theyfoundintheUSAopportunitiesofbetteringthemselves.TodayimmigrantsnolongerhavetoenduretheindignitiesofEllsIsland.Thegrimbuildingswerecloseddownin1924.In1976,EllisIslandbecameanhistoricmonument.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theword“colossal”inparagraph1means（

）.

3.ImmigrantslookeduponEllisIslandwithdreadbecause（

）.

4.Paragraph3impliesthat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

問題1選項

A.GatewaytotheUSA

B.StateofLiberty

C.EllisIsland

D.ImmigrantsoftheUSA

問題2選項

A.miniature

B.colorful

C.enormous

D.beautiful

問題3選項

A.theycouldnotspeakaword

B.theymightberefusedadmissiontotheUSA

C.husbandsandwivesmightberecognized

D.theyweresuspected

問題4選項

A.NewYorkCitywaspavedwithgold

B.immigrantsofthesamenationalityandreligionlivedinthesamebuilding

C.immigrantslivedeverywhere

D.someimmigrantsweredisappointedatNewYorkCity

問題5選項

A.TheStatueofLibertywasagiftfromFrance.

B.FrancegavetheUSAtheStatetocommemoratetheaidtheyreceivedfromtheUS.

C.TheStatueofLibertyisthemostfamousmonumentintheUSA

D.TheStatueofLibertyisthesymbolofAmericandemocracy.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章開頭主要提到了美國的自由女神像：它的外觀、高度、結構、來源以及意義等。接著提到了外來移民在美國的現實生存狀況以及后續(xù)發(fā)生的變化。選項B、C、D都只涉及到了其中一個點，不全面。而選項A“通往美國的門戶”既指代了美國自由女神像，也可以用來指代外來移民進入美國的情形，符合題意。

2.根據后面的句子Sheis151ft.high“她高151英尺”可推測colossal是巨大的意思，選項C符合題意。

3.文章第三段Foritwasherethattheyhadtowaittheirturntobe

examinedbydoctorsandofficials提到因為在這里他們（外來移民）不得不等待醫(yī)生和官員的檢查。因為如果檢查不通過的話，他們會被拒絕入美國境內，所以他們很擔心。選項B“他們可能會被拒絕進入美國”符合題意。

4.文章第四段第一句NewYorkCitywasabitterdisillusionmenttosomeimmigrants提到紐約市對一些移民來說是一種痛苦的幻滅，可以推出選項D“一些移民對美國感到失望”符合題意。

5.文章第二段asamarkoffriendshipandalsoinmemoryoftheaidFrancegavetheAmericansduringtheAmericanRevolution提到是為了紀念在美國革命期間法國給予美國人的援助，選項B“為了紀念從美國那里獲得的援助”說法是錯誤的，符合題意。

5.單選題

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician一andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday,”whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhentheailmentisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter'*inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto（）.

5.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項

A.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient'sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

問題2選項

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofapatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

問題3選項

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.takingadvantageofthepatient'sconcernforhishealth

D.warningthepatientthat.ahospitalstaymightbenecessary

問題4選項

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecausesofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

問題5選項

A.cautious

B.defiant

C.inquisitive

D.analytical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.A項意為“為了敦促醫(yī)院收回他們的決策權力”；B項意為“批判醫(yī)生太多控制病人”；C項意為“為了分析在健康醫(yī)療中的一些重要的經濟因素”；D項意為“猜測病人支付的能力和接受的治療之間的關系”。文章從第一段開始引入經濟關系中的“提供者”與“消費者”之間的關系，然后引出醫(yī)療健康中的醫(yī)患關系，到后面講述醫(yī)生在醫(yī)院的經濟中擁有絕對的‘權利’；所以文章是分析了economicrelationship即醫(yī)患關系中的經濟因素，選項C符合題意。

2.由第二段中itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesdav，’’whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.通常是由醫(yī)生來決定病人什么時候來復診、是否需要照X光以及需要哪種藥，而病人是無法也不會去質疑醫(yī)生的決定的；再由第三段最后Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.因此，在醫(yī)院的政策和決策中，醫(yī)務人員代表的是“權力中心”，而不是行政部門。確定A選項正確。

3.A選項意為：建議病人尋找第二意見；B選項意為：指導病人買更多的醫(yī)療服務；C選項意為：利用病人對自己健康的關心；D選項意為：警告病人住院時很有必要的。文章從一開始在分析醫(yī)患關系，提到醫(yī)生和病人之間的關系就是經濟中的生產者與消費者之間的關系的一個縮影，醫(yī)生在醫(yī)患關系中占主導地位，而醫(yī)生對于醫(yī)院的經濟起到重要的作用，因此作者更傾向醫(yī)生這么做是為了讓病人花費更多的錢來達到自己的經濟利益，故應選B項更符合作者的看法；此處C項是一個干擾項，不可否認醫(yī)生也是為了病人的健康考慮所以會安排復診，但是作者在本文中更多的是揭露醫(yī)患之間的經濟關系，故應選B。

4.題目的意思是：根據作者的說法，當醫(yī)生告訴病人“下周三再來”時，醫(yī)生實際是說……A項意為“控制醫(yī)療成本的一項提議”；B項意為“對一種新的醫(yī)學治療的一次討論”C項意為“對美國通貨膨脹原因的分析”；D項意為“針對醫(yī)生的玩忽職守訴訟的研究”。文章主要是以醫(yī)患關系中醫(yī)生作為主導這一論點開展的，在文章的最后也提到Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.70-80%的醫(yī)療開支都是由醫(yī)務人員決定的，而不是病人。正因為這個原因，針對病人或者大眾的經濟措施是相對無效的。所以A選項“控制醫(yī)療成本的一項提議”正確。

5.A選項“謹慎的”；B選項“蔑視的"；C選項“好奇的”；D選項“分析的”。作者一開始闡述了經濟關系中的兩大主體生產者和消費者，然后進一步提到了醫(yī)患關系是這一經濟關系的縮影，從而揭露出醫(yī)生在醫(yī)療經濟中占有絕對的主導地位，最后再給予建議，因此這篇文章主要是針對社會現象的本質的分析性文章，D選項正確。

6.單選題

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe'SecondIndustrialRevolution'.

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

1.Thoughthelaborworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthat（

）.

2.Theideaofthe"improvementfactor'(Para.3)impliesroughly

（

）.

3.Inordertogetthefullbenefitsofautomation,laborwilldependmostlyon

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?

問題1選項

A.automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment

B.automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskills

C.automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.automationisatrendwhichcannotbestopped

問題2選項

A.wagesshouldbepaidonthebasisoflengthofservice

B.thebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsshouldbesharedbyworkers

C.supplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansshouldbepromoted

D.thetransitiontoautomationshouldbebroughtaboutwiththeminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstoworkers

問題3選項

A.shorterworkinghoursandmoreleisuretime

B.theincreaseofwagesinproportiontotheincreaseinproductivity

C.additionalpaymenttothepermanentlydismissalworkers

D.strongdriveforplanningnewinstallations

問題4選項

A.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation

B.Laborandtheeffectsofautomation

C.Unemploymentbenefitsplansandautomation.

D.Socialbenefitsofautomation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘盡管工人們擔心自動化的影響，但他們從不懷疑……？’根據第二段中“Inthemain,laborhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.勞工基本上的觀點是抵抗技術變革是徒然的”確定D選項“自動化是一種不能被阻止的趨勢”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題目提問‘“改善因素”的概念(第3段)粗略地表示……？’根據第三段中“Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.另一種方法是“改善因素”的想法，它要求在提高生產力的基礎上增加工資?！贝_定B選項“工人應該共享生產增加和成本降低的福利”正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘為了獲得自動化的全部好處，勞動力將主要依靠……？’根據最后一段中“Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.然而，勞動力有可能主要依靠減少工作時間來充分分享自動化的成果?！贝_定A選項“更短的工作時間和更多的休閑吋間”正確。

4.主旨大意題。全文主要是講“自動化的發(fā)展對勞工在工作與就業(yè)等方而帶來的影響”，所以B選項“勞工與自動化的影響”正確。文章并沒有對自動化的劣勢展開討論，所以A選項“自動化的優(yōu)勢與劣勢”錯誤，C選項“失業(yè)福利計劃和自動化”和D選項“自動化的社會效益”只是文中提及的一部分內容，排除。

7.不定項選擇題

Astrophysicistsstudyingthestructureoftheuniversehavefoundnewevidenceforsomethingtheywerebeginningtosuspectwithincreasingconvictioninrecentyears—theexistenceofamysterious,repulsiveforcethatappearstobeacceleratingtheexpansionoftheuniverse.Astronomershavegiventhishypotheticalnewforceanintriguingname.Theyhavelabeleditthe“darkforce”,inalllikelihoodbecauseithasremainedhiddenfromobservationuntilnow.Forthatmatter,itstillremainshiddentodirectdetection.

Thattheuniversewasexpandinghasbeenknownformanydecades.But,withonenotableandfamouslyreluctantexception,itoccurredtonooneuntilmuchmorerecentlythattheexpansionmight,insteadofbeingslowedbythemutualgravitationalattractionofallthemattertheuniversecontains,actuallybeaccelerating.ThisunexpectedrevelationwasmadepossibleinpartbythereleaseofadetailedmapofthecosmologicalmicrowavebackgroundmadebyasatellitecalledtheWilkinsonMicrowaveAnisotropyProbe.Researcherscomparedthatdatawiththepositionofmillionsofgalaxiesalreadychartedbyanotherproject—theongoingSloanDigitalSkySurvey,anambitiouslong-termefforttomapeverydetectableobjectinaverylargesectionofthesky.

Bycombiningandanalyzingthesetwoastronomicaldatabases,itwaspossibletodetectsomethingforwhichitisdifficulttodevise,anappropriatelydescriptiveanalogy,butwhichisbeingreferredtoasakingofshadowthrownbythedarkenergyagainstthebackdropofthecosmicmicrowaveradiation—theremnantsoftheenergyleftbytheBigBangthatsillpermeatetheuniverse.Evencallingitashadowisawoefullyinappropriateandactuallyquitemisleadingdescriptionbecausewhatastronomersaredetectingisinfactmoreluminousthanitssurroundings.

Theavailabilityofthetwodatabasesallowedcomparisonoftheenergyofphotonsthatpassedthroughregionsofspacethatwerecrowdedwithgalaxieswith,thatofphotonsthatencounteredmostlyemptyspaceontheir-journeytowardearth.Hencethisnewevidenceisderivedfromthephysicalprocessesthatactonlightparticles—photons—astheytravelthroughgalaxies.Contrarytowhatwouldbeexp