考研考博-英語-四川幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川幼兒師范高等?？茖W(xué)校考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisourfirm（）thatastepforwardhasbeentakenandwillbringthecountrybacktoeconomicprosperity.

問題1選項

A.conviction

B.empowerment

C.imperative

D.proposition

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。conviction確信，證明；empowerment許可，授權(quán)；imperative命令，需要，勢在必行；proposition提議，命題。句意：我們堅信，已經(jīng)向前邁出了一步，并將使國家恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮。選項A符合句意。

2.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.(5points)

Theintellectualpropertiesincludetwomainparts:theindustrialpropertiesandthepublishingproperties.Theindustrialpropertyprotectionismainlyconcernedwiththeprotectionoftheinventionsintrademarksanddesignsofindustrialproducts.Italsostipulatestheprohibitionofimpropercompetition.Theformerthreeaspectshavesomethingincommonfortheirexclusivemethodsinprotectingintellectualproperties,suchasinventions,trademarksandtheproductsurfaceoutlooks,etc.However,ithasnothingtodowiththepatentrightsinprohibitingunfaircompetition.Itismainlyaboutthepreventionofunfaircompetitionsindishonestbusinessbehaviors.

【答案】【參考譯文】

知識產(chǎn)權(quán)包括兩個主要部分：工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)和版權(quán)。工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)主要是對發(fā)明﹑商標(biāo)和工業(yè)品外觀設(shè)計的保護(hù)，以及制止不正當(dāng)競爭。前三項有一些共同點(diǎn)，因為它們在保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)方面具有獨(dú)特性，如發(fā)明、商標(biāo)、產(chǎn)品外觀等。然而，制止不正當(dāng)競爭和專利權(quán)無關(guān)，它主要是關(guān)于防止不正當(dāng)競爭的不誠實的商業(yè)行為。

3.單選題

Studieshaveprovedthatsmartpeopletendtobesmartacrossdifferentkindsof（

）.

問題1選項

A.institutions

B.occasions

C.characters

D.realms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。institution“機(jī)構(gòu)，制度”；occasion“場合，機(jī)會”；character“性格，角色”；realm“領(lǐng)域，范圍”。句意為：研究表明，聰明的人容易在各個不同的領(lǐng)域都表現(xiàn)得很聰明。選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.

問題1選項

A.propup

B.flinch

C.fallbehind

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人直到最后一刻才會想要安樂死或臨終關(guān)懷，甚至像蒂莫西?利里這樣的協(xié)助自殺活動家也?！@一行為，選擇自然死亡。A選項propup“支撐”；B選項flinch“退縮；畏懼”；C選項fallbehind“拖欠；落后”；D選項retain“保持；保留”。“這一行為”指的是安樂死，既然這位協(xié)助自殺活動家選擇了自然死亡，那么B選項“畏懼”符合題意。

5.翻譯題

緊跟世界新軍事革命加速發(fā)展的潮流，積極穩(wěn)妥進(jìn)行國防和軍隊改革，推動中國特色軍事變革深入發(fā)展。堅持以創(chuàng)新發(fā)展軍事理論為先導(dǎo)，著力提高國防科技工業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力，深入推進(jìn)軍隊組織形態(tài)現(xiàn)代化，構(gòu)建中國特色現(xiàn)代軍事力量體系。高度關(guān)注海洋、太空、網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全，積極運(yùn)籌和平時期軍事力量運(yùn)用，不斷拓展和深化軍事斗爭準(zhǔn)備，提高以打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭能力為核心的完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)能力。

【答案】答：

Weshouldcloselyfollowthenewglobalmilitaryrevolutionthatisgatheringpace,advancereformofournationaldefenseandarmedforcesinabothactiveandprudentway,anddeepenmilitarytransformationwithChinesecharacteristics.Withinnovativemilitarytheoriestakingthelead,weshouldenhanceourcapacityforinnovationindefense-orientedresearchandindustries,modernizethemilitaryorganizationalstructure,andbuildasystemofmodernmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetomaritime,spaceandcyberspacesecurity.Weshouldmakeactiveplanningfortheuseofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime,expandandintensifymilitarypreparedness,andenhancethecapabilitytoaccomplishawiderangeofmilitarytasks,themostimportantofwhichistowinlocalwarinaninformationage.

6.單選題

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

問題1選項

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，從屬于；常遭受……；有……傾向的”。A選項despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顧；B選項evil的常用搭配有speakevilof說壞話；誹謗/doevil作惡；為非作歹；干壞事；造孽；D選項crust“地殼，地表，堅硬外殼”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本產(chǎn)品（）更換，恕不另行通知。根據(jù)句意可知C選項更符合句意，因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.Itrytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead,Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“Beautiful.”Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn’tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreeatthepriceset;thatwayIwasabletopayherthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft,too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinthemarketplace.Ifelttearsinmythroat.Iwantedtocry.Ididn’t,ofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.Iremovethepaper,andraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstothefloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecandlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn’tcry.

1.Accordingtothewriter,thewomaninthemarketplace.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

3.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（

）.

4.Whenthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（

）

.

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

問題1選項

A.refusedtospeaktoher

B.waspleasantandattractive

C.wassellingskirtsandribbons

D.recognizeherimmediately

問題2選項

A.Thewriterwasusedtobargaining.

B.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

C.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

D.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

問題3選項

A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonable.

B.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoney.

C.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore.

D.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargaining.

問題4選項

A.shewasafraidofcryinginpublic.

B.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravely.

C.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.

D.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeeling.

問題5選項

A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.

B.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.

C.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.

D.Shewasovercomebyemotion.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第三段“shemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.就像我通常見到的老撾女子一樣，她走起路來悠閑而又可愛”，可知選項B“很討人喜歡和有吸引力”符合題意，因此B正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段“Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaos,bargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.我決定買下其中一條裙子，而且我開始和她討價還價。在亞洲買東西討價還價是習(xí)慣。在老撾，討價還價是以一種輕聲細(xì)語，十分平靜的形式不緊不慢地進(jìn)行的”。由此可知A選項是沒有提及的，故答案選A。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段第二句“ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.她對我能夠用老撾語和她說上幾句話感到很開心，盡管這些話全是數(shù)字，她看得出我懂得討價還價之間的小玩笑”和第四句“shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.她很開心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定價”，可知選項D為最佳答案。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第八段“Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.我學(xué)會了如何保護(hù)自己不受困難的影響；不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會了如何保護(hù)自己抵制軟弱和隨和?！庇纱丝芍_答案選D。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。定位到文章第十段“Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry,andveryhard,asif...沒有什么可以抵御慷慨，而這一次我哭了，非常傷心……”文章第九段說作者從市場回來，再次檢查買回來的裙子，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面夾雜五條扎頭發(fā)的絲綢帶，比自己買的多了兩根。她被這種情緒感動了。故選項D為最符合語境的答案。

8.單選題

Thediscoveryofthesunkenship（

）ancientshipbuildingtechniquesandtradingroutes.

問題1選項

A.madesenseof

B.tookchargeof

C.gotaroundto

D.shedlighton

【答案】D

【解析】考察動詞詞組辨析。madesenseof弄清……的意思；tookchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，接管；gotaroundto開始考慮做……；shedlighton使……清楚地顯出。句意：沉船的發(fā)現(xiàn)為人們對古代造船技術(shù)和航運(yùn)貿(mào)易路線的研究提供了線索。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問題2選項

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問題3選項

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問題4選項

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問題5選項

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會導(dǎo)致的各種健康問題，最后一段說明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項“肥胖會導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。A:肥胖通常與類固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會影響一個人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項錯誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過了就一個人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個問題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。?。因此D項不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時，體重又會恢復(fù)增長）。因此A項正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對老年人來說，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來的危險更大。一些研究人員反駁說，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個主要的健康風(fēng)險。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問題，因此A項并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對自己的偏見。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺。由此推斷，C項正確，D項不正確。本題選C。

10.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問題2選項

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問題3選項

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問題4選項

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問題5選項

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長）。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進(jìn)樹木的健康）。因此推測，樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長，A項為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進(jìn)入，B項為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會給樹木帶來更多的傷害）。由此推測，好的園丁只是在必要的時候才修剪樹木，C項為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細(xì)介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實踐指導(dǎo)，A項為正確答案。

11.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動賓關(guān)系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.

問題1選項

A.amplified

B.magnified

C.exemplified

D.signified

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。amplify“擴(kuò)大，放大”，多指將聲音或者電流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通過放大鏡等物品將影像擴(kuò)大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通過將設(shè)備打開而進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的檢查，這些工具展示了如何將細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)大并把它們從整體中區(qū)分開來。選項B符合題意。

13.單選題

TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom—albeitatanaverageimplementationcostthatKornFerryestimatesat$5.lmperfirm.

Twoyearsago,only41%ofAmericanfirmssaidtheyregularlyheldmeetingsofdirectorswithouttheirchiefexecutivepresent’thisyearthefigurewas93%.Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.

Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.AnothersurveyofAmericanboardspublishedthisweek,byA.T.Kearney,afirmofconsultants,foundthatin200214%oftheboardsofS&P500firmshadseparatedtheroles,andafurther16%saidtheyplannedtodoso.Butby2004only23%overallhadtakentheplunge.AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.

Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.Inventedasadefenseagainsttakeover,suchboards,accordingtoanewHarvardLawSchoolstudybyLucianBebchukandAlmaCohen,areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.

Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003,accordingtotheInvestorResponsibilityResearchCentre.Andmanyofthosefirmsthathavebeenforcedbyshareholderstoabolishthesystemaredoingsoonlyslowly.Merck,apharmaceuticalcompanyintroubleoverthepossibleside-effectsofitsarthritisdrugVioxx,isallowingitsdirectorstoruntheirfulltermbeforeintroducingasysteminwhichtheyareallreelected(orotherwise)annually.Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.

56.TheSarbanes-Oxleyactismostprobablyabout____.

57.Theword“backlash”mostprobablymeans____.

58.Accordingtothetext,separatingtherolesbetweenchairmanandchiefexecutiveis____.

59.Welearnfromthetextthata“staggered”board____.

60.TowardtheboardpracticeofAmericancompanies,thewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe____.

問題1選項

A.corporatecost

B.corporatescandal

C.corporategovernance

D.corporatemanagement

問題2選項

A.aviolentforce

B.astrongimpetus

C.afirmmeasure

D.astrongnegativereaction

問題3選項

A.whatmanyEuropeancompaniesdo

B.notapopularideaamongAmericanentrepreneurs

C.acommonpracticeinAmericancompanies

D.amusttokeepthehealthofacompany

問題4選項

A.canbevotedownbyshareholders

B.givesitsboardmemberstoomuchpower

C.hasbeenabolishedbymostAmericancompanies

D.isadversetotheincrementoffirmvalue

問題5選項

A.objective

B.pessimistic

C.biased

D.critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】56.判斷推理題。題干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是關(guān)于____的”，可定位到第1段第2句Thisyear’sreview,publishedonNovember12th,showsthattheSarbanes-Oxleyact,passedin2002totrytopreventarepeatofcorporatecollapsessuchasEnron’sandWorldCom,hashadanimpactontheboardroom…（今年11月12日公布的審查結(jié)果顯示，Sarbanes-Oxley法案對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通過，旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom這樣的公司倒閉事件重演。）由此可知，審查發(fā)現(xiàn)，該法案防止公司倒閉的措施對董事會產(chǎn)生了影響。根據(jù)此句前一句TheannualreviewofAmericancompanyboardpracticesbyKornFerry,afirmofheadhunters,isausefulindicatorofthehealthofcorporategovernance.（獵頭公司KornFerry對美國公司董事會做法的年度評估，是衡量公司治理健康與否的有用指標(biāo)。）由此可知，該審查是衡量corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，由此推斷，該法案是關(guān)于corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）的，C選項“corporategovernance（企業(yè)管治）”與原文表述一致。干擾選項D“corporatemanagement（企業(yè)管理經(jīng)營）”，與原文表述有出入，由于原文使用的是corporategovernance，所以，C選項比D選項更合適；A選項“企業(yè)成本”、B選項“企業(yè)丑聞”不符合語境，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為C。

57.詞義推測題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第2段第2句Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的____的影響。）后文有針對該觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行舉例。Forexample,despiteagrowingfeelingthatformerchiefexecutivesshouldnotsitontheircompany’sboard,thepercentageofAmericanfirmswheretheydohasactuallyedgedup,from23%in2003to25%in2004.（例如，盡管越來越多的人認(rèn)為前首席執(zhí)行官不應(yīng)該進(jìn)入他們公司的董事會，但他們進(jìn)入董事會的美國公司的比例實際上已經(jīng)從2003年的23%上升到2004年的25%。）由案例可知，前首席執(zhí)行官進(jìn)入董事會的比例并沒有受到越來越多人反對的影響。由此推斷“越來越多人持反對觀點(diǎn)”是一種backlash，所以backlash的意思應(yīng)該是負(fù)面的。另外，根據(jù)單詞backlash中的back推斷，該詞的詞義是“反—，往回—”，綜合而言，D選項“一種強(qiáng)烈的負(fù)面反應(yīng)”更符合語境。A選項“一種強(qiáng)烈的力量”、B選項“一個強(qiáng)大的動力”的情感基調(diào)不對，排除；C選項“一個強(qiáng)力的措施”，沒有依據(jù)說明是“措施”，排除。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

58.判斷推理題。題干“根據(jù)文章，拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位____”，可定位到第3段。A、B選項，可定位到第3段最后一句AsurveyearlierintheyearbyconsultantsatMcKinseyfoundthat70%ofAmericandirectorsandinvestorssupportedtheideaofsplittingthejobs,whichisstandardpracticeinEurope.（今年早些時候，麥肯錫咨詢公司（McKinsey）的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，這在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法。）由此可知，拆分董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的做法在歐洲是一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法，所以A選項“許多歐洲公司這樣做”表述符合原文。另外，70%的美國董事和投資者支持拆分職位的想法，說明這個觀點(diǎn)還是比較受美國董事和投資者歡迎的，B選項“在美國企業(yè)家中并不受歡迎”表述不符合原文，排除；C選項“是美國公司的慣例”，可定位到第3段第1句Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。）由此可知，雖然不少美國的董事和投資者支持拆分職位，但是很少有公司真正這么做，選項表述與原文不符，排除；D選項“公司的健康發(fā)展是必不可少的”，原文并未提及，排除；因此，本題最佳選項為A。

59.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“我們從課文中得知，一個‘交錯’董事會____”，可定位到第4、5段。A選項“可以被股東投票否決”，可定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句Othercompanies’staggeredboardsareentrenchedintheircorporatecharters,whichcannotbeamendedbyashareholders’vote.（其他公司的分級董事會制度在公司章程中根深蒂固，股東投票無法修改公司章程。）由此可知，“交錯”董事會無法被股東投票否決，選項表述與原文不符，排除；B選項“給予董事會成員過多的權(quán)力”，可定位到第4段第1句…‘staggered’’boards—oneswhereonlyone-thirdofthedirectorsareupforreelectioneachyear,tothree-yearterms.（……“交錯”董事會——每年只有三分之一的董事改選，任期為三年。）由此可知，按照“交錯”董事會的規(guī)定，每年三分之一的董事需要改選，其實是限制了董事會成員的權(quán)力的，選項表述不符合原文，排除；C選項“已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)美國公司廢除了”，可定位到第5段第1句Despitethis,thepercentageofS&P500firmswithstaggeredboardshasfallenonlyslightly—from63%in2001to60%in2003（盡管如此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)的公司實行分級董事會的比例僅略有下降——從2001年的63%下降到2003年的60%）由此可知，到2003年還有60%（大多數(shù)）的公司實行“交錯”董事會，選項表述與原文不符，排除；D選項“不利于企業(yè)價值的增長”，可定位到第4段最后一句…suchboards…areunambiguously“associatedwithaneconomicallysignificantreductioninfirmvalue”.（這樣的董事會無疑“與公司價值在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的顯著下降有關(guān)”。）由此可知，“交錯”董事會使公司經(jīng)濟(jì)價值下降，選項表述符合原文。因此，本題最佳選項為D。

60.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干“對于美國公司的董事會實踐，作者的態(tài)度可以說是____。”本題詢問的是作者對于美國公司董事會實踐的態(tài)度，可以從文中表達(dá)情感的詞推斷，第3段Also,disappointinglyfewfirmshavesplitthejobsofchairmanandchiefexecutive.（同樣令人失望的是，很少有公司將董事長和首席執(zhí)行官的職位分開。）由此定位到前一段，找到前一個令人失望的點(diǎn)，Butsomethingshavebeensurprisinglyunaffectedbythebacklashagainstcorporatescandals.（但令人驚訝的是，一些事情沒有受到對企業(yè)丑聞的強(qiáng)烈反對的影響。）第4段Anotherdisappointmentistheslowprogressinabolishing‘‘staggered’’boards…（另一個令人失望的是，在廢除“交錯”董事會方面進(jìn)展緩慢……）由此可知，作者對美國公司董事會的實踐非常失望；最后一段最后一句Anyonewhoexpectedthescandalsof2001tobringaboutrapidchangeinthebalanceofpowerbetweenmanagersandownerswas,atbest,naive.（如果有人認(rèn)為2001年的丑聞會迅速改變經(jīng)理和老板之間的權(quán)力平衡，往好了說，那也只是一種天真的想法。）由此可知，作者認(rèn)為美國董事會改革比較難，綜合而言，B選項“悲觀的”最符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。A選項“客觀的”（一般要從正反兩方闡述觀點(diǎn)）、C選項“帶有偏見的”沒有依據(jù)，排除；干擾選項，D選項“批判的,不贊成的”，作者并