各系統(tǒng)英語單詞

各系統(tǒng)英語單詞各系統(tǒng)英語單詞各系統(tǒng)英語單詞各系統(tǒng)英語單詞編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:目錄第一章 病人身份第二章 主訴第三章 現(xiàn)病史第四章 過去史、系統(tǒng)回統(tǒng)和個(gè)人史第五章 月經(jīng)、婚姻、生育史和家族史第六章 體檢（一般項(xiàng)目）第七章 體檢（頭頸部）第八章 體檢（胸腹部）第九章 體檢（神經(jīng)、骨骼和肌肉）第十章 體檢（泌尿生殖道與其他）第十一章 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化病人體檢項(xiàng)目第十二章 實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查第十三章 輔助檢查第十四章 診斷（疾病名稱）第十五章 常用醫(yī)囑術(shù)語第十六章 常用藥物及中草藥第十七章 住院文書格式第十八章 附錄附1、常用解剖術(shù)語附2、醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用前后綴附3、醫(yī)學(xué)英語的特征附4、醫(yī)學(xué)英語常用短語附5、英語問診常用句子附6、醫(yī)學(xué)英語縮寫一覽表附7、醫(yī)院日常用品和設(shè)備附8、醫(yī)學(xué)院和醫(yī)院相關(guān)名稱前言隨著我國加入WTO，醫(yī)療體制發(fā)生了革命性的改變。隨著改革開放的深入，外國投資和管理的醫(yī)院將不斷涌現(xiàn)，中外醫(yī)學(xué)交流也日趨頻繁，出國學(xué)習(xí)、進(jìn)修和援外醫(yī)療隊(duì)的醫(yī)務(wù)人員逐年增多，這就要求醫(yī)生具有正確書寫英文病歷的能力。目前，國內(nèi)供臨床醫(yī)生完成英文病歷的參考書很少。簽于此，編著者根據(jù)美國羅馬琳達(dá)大學(xué)的病歷書寫要求，結(jié)合十余年的國內(nèi)外工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)（編者所在的邵逸夫醫(yī)院是一所由美國專家管理的、與國際接軌的新型綜合性醫(yī)院，有十余年的英文病歷書寫實(shí)踐），并參閱一些國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，編寫了本手冊。本手冊按病歷書寫的順序進(jìn)行編寫，采用英中對照寫法，內(nèi)容詳盡，條理清晰，形式新穎，適用于臨床醫(yī)生、出國人員、實(shí)習(xí)生和醫(yī)學(xué)院校的學(xué)生。在本手冊的編寫過程中，得到了美國羅馬琳達(dá)大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院和日本福井大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院和邵逸夫醫(yī)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)心和支持。謹(jǐn)以此書獻(xiàn)給我的老師、同事、朋友和家人。郭航遠(yuǎn)2002.11.1于浙江大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院

第一章病人身份[Identification]·[Name]姓名·[Sex]性別·[Age]年齡·[Occupation]職業(yè)·[Dateofbirth]出生日期·[Marriage（Maritalstatus）]婚姻·[Race]民族·[Placeofbirth(Birthplace)]籍貫·[IdentificationNo.(codeofIDcardNo.)]身份證號碼·[DepartmentofworkandTEL.No.(UnitandBusinessphoneNo.)]工作單位及電話·[HomeaddressandphoneNo.]家庭住址及電話·[Postcode]郵政編碼·[Persontonotify(Correspondent)andphoneNo.]聯(lián)系人及電話·[Source(Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider)ofhistory]病史陳術(shù)者·[Reliabilityofhistory]病史可靠程試·[Medicalsecurity(Typeofpayment)]醫(yī)療費(fèi)用·[Typeofadmission(Patientcondition)]住院類別（入院時(shí)病情）·[MedicalrecordNo.]病歷號·[Clinicdiagnosis]門診診斷·[Dateofadmission(admissiondate)]入院日期·[Dateofrecord]記錄日期1、年齡的表示方法（以36歲為例）·36yearsold(y/o)·Age36·36year-old·Theageof36·36yearsofage2、性別的表示方法·[Male,♂]男性·[Female,♀]女性3、職業(yè)的表示方法·工人[Worker]·退休工作[Retiredworker]·農(nóng)民[Farmer(peasant)]·干部[Leader(cadre)]·行政人員[administrativepersonnel(staff)]·職員[staffmember]·商人[Trader(Businessman)]·教師[Teacher]·學(xué)生[Student]·醫(yī)生[Doctor]·藥劑師[Pharmacist]·護(hù)士[Nurse]·軍人[Soldier]·警察[Policeman]·工程師[Engineer]·技術(shù)員[Technician]·家政人員[Housekeeper]·家庭主婦[Housewife]·營業(yè)員[Assistant]·服務(wù)員[Attendant]·售票員[Conductor]4、民族的表示方法·漢[Han]·回[Hui]·蒙[Meng]·藏[Tibetan]·朝鮮[Korean]·美國人[American]·日本人[Japanese]·英國人[Britisher]5、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用的表示方法·[Selfpay(Individualmedicalcare)]自費(fèi)·[Governmentinsruance(Publicmedicalcare)]公費(fèi)·[Insurance]保險(xiǎn)·[Localinsurance]本地醫(yī)?！Non-localinsurance]外地醫(yī)?！Laborprotestioncare]勞保6、婚姻狀況的表示方法·[Married]已婚·[Single(Unmarried)]未婚·[Diverced]離婚·[Widow]寡婦·[Widower]鰥夫7、病史可靠程度的表示方法·[Reliable]可靠·[Unreliable]不可靠·[Notentirely]不完全可靠·[Unobtainable]無法獲得8、住址的表示方法·浙·[XinDongCun,ChengGuanTown,ZhuJimunicipality,zhejiangprovince.]浙江省諸暨市（縣）城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)新東村9、病史陳述者的表示方法·[Patienthimself(herself)]患者本人·[Herhusband]患者的丈夫·[Hiswife]患者的妻子·[Patient`scolleague]患者的同事·[Patient`sneighbor]患者的鄰居·[Patient`sKin(Mother;Son;daughter;brother;Sister)]患者的親屬(父親、母親、兒子、女兒、兄弟、姐妹)·[Taximan]出租車司機(jī)·[Trafficpolice]交通警察10、日期的表示方法·2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002;Oct.1,2002;Oct.lst,2002)](美國)·2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002;1Oct.,2002;1stofOct.,2002)](英國11、住院類別的表示方法·[Emergent(Emergencycall)]急診·[Urgent]危重·[Elective(General)]一般（普通）12、入院時(shí)病情的表示方法·[Stable]穩(wěn)定·[Unstable]不穩(wěn)定·[Relativestable]相對穩(wěn)定·[Critical(Imminent)]危重·[Fair(General)]一般第二章主訴[ChiefComplaint]1、主訴的表示方法：癥狀+時(shí)間（Symptom+Time）·癥狀+for+時(shí)間如：[Chestpainfor2hours]胸痛2小時(shí)·癥狀+of+時(shí)間如：[Nauseaandvomitingofthreedays`duration]惡心嘔吐3天·癥狀+時(shí)間+induration如：[Headache1monthinduration]頭痛1月·時(shí)間+of+癥狀如：[Two-dayhistoryoffever]發(fā)熱2天2、常見癥狀·[Fever]發(fā)熱·[Pain]疼痛·[Edema]水腫·[Mucocutaneoushemorrhage(bleeding)]皮膚粘膜出血·[Dyspnea(Difficulyinbreathing;Respiratorydifficulty;shortofbreath)]呼吸困難·[Coughandexpectoration(Sputum;Phlegm)]咳嗽和咯痰·[Hemoptysis]咯血·[Cyanosis]紫紺·[Palpitation]心悸·[Chestdiscomfort]胸悶·[Nausea(Retch;DryVomiting)andVomiting]惡心和嘔吐·[Hematemesis(Vomitingofblood)]嘔血·[Hematochezia(Hemafecia)]便血·[Diarrhea]腹瀉·[Constipation(Obstipation)]便秘·[Vertigo(Giddiness;Dizziness)]眩暈·[Jaundice(Icterus)]黃疸·[Convulsion]驚厥·[Disturbanceofconsciousness]意識障礙·[Hematuria]血尿·[Frequentmicturition,urgentmicturitionanddysuria]尿頻，尿急和尿痛·[Incontinenceofurine]尿失禁·[Retentionofurine]尿潴留（1）發(fā)熱的表示方法·[Infective(Septic)fever]感染性發(fā)熱·[Non-infective(Aseptic)fever]非感染性發(fā)熱·[Dehydration(Inanition)fever]脫水熱·[Drugfever]藥物熱·[Functionalhypothermia]功能性低熱·[Absorptionfever]吸收熱·[Centralfever]中樞性發(fā)熱·[Fevertype]熱型▲[Continuousfever]稽留熱▲[Remittentfever]馳張熱▲[Intermittentfever]間歇熱▲[Undulantfever]波狀熱▲[Recurrentfever]回歸熱▲[Periodicfever]周期熱▲[Irregularfever]不規(guī)則熱▲[Ephemeralfever]短暫熱▲[Doublepeakedfever]雙峰熱·[Feverofundetermined(unknown)origin,FUO]不明原因發(fā)熱·[Rigor(shivering;chill;shakingchill;ague)]寒戰(zhàn)·[ChillySensation(Fellchilly;coldfits;coldness)]畏寒·[Ultra-hyperpyrexia]超高熱·[Hyperthermia(Ahighfever;hyperpyrexia;ardentfever)]高熱·[Moderatefever]中度發(fā)熱·[Hypothermia(Low-gradefever;slightfever;subfebriletemperature)]低熱·[Becomefeverish(Haveatemperature)]發(fā)熱·[Crisis]驟降·[Lysis]漸降·[Typhoidfever]傷寒熱·[Rheumaticfever]風(fēng)濕熱·[Cancerousfever]癌性發(fā)熱·[Fervescenceperiod]升熱期·[Defervescenceperiod]退熱期·[Persistentfebrileperiod]持續(xù)發(fā)熱期（2）疼痛的表示方法·[Backache(Backpain)]背痛·[Lumbago]腰痛·[Headache]頭痛▲[Vasomotorheadache]血管舒縮性頭痛▲[Post-traumaticheadache]創(chuàng)傷后頭痛▲[Migraineheadache]偏頭痛▲[Clusterheadache]叢集性頭痛·[Chestpain]胸痛·[Precardialpain]心前區(qū)痛·[Retrosternalpain]胸骨后痛·[Abdominalpain(Stomachache)]腹痛·[Acrodynia(paininlimbs)]肢體痛·[Arthrodynia(Arthralgia)]關(guān)節(jié)痛·[Dullpain]鈍痛·[Sharppain]銳痛·[Twingepain]刺痛·[Knife-likepain(Piercingpain)]刀割（刺）樣痛·[Achingpain]酸痛·[Burningpain]燒灼痛·[Colicky(Griping;cramp)pain]絞痛·[Colic]絞痛·[Burstingpain]脹痛（撕裂痛）·[Hungerpain]饑餓痛·[Ticpain]抽搐痛·[Bearing-downpain]墜痛·[Shock-likepain]電擊樣痛·[Jumpingpain]反跳痛·[Tendernesspain]觸痛（壓痛）·[Girdle-likepain]束帶樣痛·[Wanderingpain]游走性痛·[Throbbingpain]搏動(dòng)性痛·[Radiatingpain]放射性痛·[Crampingpain]痙攣性痛·[Boringpain]鉆痛·[Intensepain]劇痛·[Writhingpain]痛得打滾·[Draggingpain]牽引痛·[Laborpain]陣痛·[Cancerouspain]癌性疼痛·[Referredpain]牽涉痛·[Persistentpain(Unremittingpain)]持續(xù)性痛·[Constantpain]經(jīng)常性痛·[Intermittentpain]間歇性痛（3）水腫的表示方法·[Mucousedema(Myxedema)]粘液性水腫·[Cardiac(Cardiogenic)edema]心源性水腫·[Nephrotic(renal)edema]腎源性水腫·[Hepaticedema]肝源性水腫·[Alimentary(Nutritional)edema]營養(yǎng)不良性水腫·[Angioneuroticedema]血管神經(jīng)性水腫·[Pitting]凹陷性·[Nonpitting]非凹陷性·[Localized(Local)edema]局限性水腫·[Generalizededema(Anasarca)]全身性水腫·[Hydrops]積水·[Elephantiasiccrus]橡皮腫·[Cerebral(Brain)edema]腦水腫·[Pulmonaryedema(Hydropneumonia0]肺水腫·[Hydrocephalus]腦積水·[Edemaofendoscrinopathy]內(nèi)分泌病性水腫·[Invisible(Recessive)edema]隱性水腫·[Frankedema]顯性水腫·[Inflammatoryedema]炎性水腫·[Idiopathicedema]特發(fā)性水腫·[Cyclicaledema]周期性水腫·[Ascites(Abdominaleffusion;hydroperiotoneum)]腹水·[Pleuraleffusion(Hydrothorax)]胸水·[Pericardialeffusion(Hydropericardium)]心包積液·[Bronchoedema]支氣管水腫·[Slight(Mild)]輕度·[Moderate]中度·[Serious]重度·[Transudate]漏出液·[Exudate]滲出液（4）呼吸困難的表示方法·[Cardiacdyspnea]心原性呼吸困難·[Inspiratory]吸氣性·[Expiratory]呼氣性·[Mixed]混合性·[Obstructive]梗阻性·[Dyspneaatrest]靜息時(shí)呼吸困難·[Dyspneaonexertion]活動(dòng)時(shí)呼吸困難·[Dyspneaonlyingdown]躺下時(shí)呼吸困難·[Paroxysmalnocturnaldyspnea,PND]夜間陣發(fā)性呼吸困難·[Orthopnea]端坐呼吸·[Asthma]哮喘·[Cardiacasthma]心源性哮喘·[Bronchialasthma]支氣管性哮喘·[Hyperpnea]呼吸深快·[Periodicbreathing]周期性呼吸·[Ta·[Bradypnea(Slowbreathing)]呼吸緩慢·[Irregularbreathing]不規(guī)則呼吸（5）皮膚粘膜出血的表示方法·[Bleedingspotsintheskin]皮膚出血點(diǎn)·[Petechia]瘀點(diǎn)·[Eccymosis]瘀斑·[Purpura]紫癜·[Splinterhemorrhage]片狀出血·[Oozingoftheblood(Errhysis)]滲血·[Bloodblister(Hemophysallis)]血皰·[Hemorrhinia(Nasalbleeding)]鼻衄·[Ecchymoma]皮下血腫（6）咳嗽與咯痰的表示方法·[Drycough(Nonproductivecough;hackingcough)]干咳·[Sharpcough]劇咳·[Wetcough(Moistcough)]濕咳·[Productivecough(Loosecough)]排痰性咳·[Chroniccough]慢性咳嗽·[Irritablecough]刺激性咳嗽·[Paroxysmalcough]發(fā)作性（陣發(fā)性）咳嗽·[Coughcontinually]持續(xù)性咳嗽·[Spasmodiccough]痙攣性咳嗽·[Whoopingcough]百日咳·[Wintercough]冬季咳·[Wheezingcough]喘咳·[Shortcough]短咳·[Distressedcough]難咳·[Shallowcough]淺咳·[Droplet]飛沫·[Frothysputum]泡沫樣痰·[Bloodysputum]血痰·[Mucous(Mucoid)sputum]粘液樣痰·[Purulentsputum]膿痰·[Mucopurulentsputum]粘液膿性痰·[White(Yellow,green)sputum]白（黃,綠）痰·[Fetid(Foul)sputum]惡臭痰·[Iron-rust(Rusty)sputum]鐵銹色痰·[Chocolatecolouredsputum]巧克力色痰·[Thicksputum]濃痰·[Thinsputum]淡痰·[Viscoussputum]粘痰·[Transparentsputum]透明痰·[Much(Largeamountsof)sputum]大量痰·[Moderateamountsofsputum]中等量痰·[Notmuch(Smallamountsof)sputum]少量痰（7）內(nèi)臟出血的表示方法·[Goldstein’shemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血·[Massivehematemesis]大量嘔血·鼻衄·[Hematuria]血尿·[Initialhematuria]初血尿·[Idiopathichematuria]特發(fā)性血尿·[Painlesshematuria]無痛性血尿·[Terminalhematuria]終末性血尿·[Gross(Macroscopic)hematuria]肉眼血尿·[Microscopichematuria]鏡下血尿·[Hematuriainthewholeprocessofurination]全程血尿·[Gingivalbleeding(Ulaemorrhagia;gumbleeding)]牙齦出血·[Hematochezia]便血·[Bloodystool]血便·[Blackstool(Melena)]黑便·[Tarrystool]柏油樣便·[Bleedingfollowingtrauma]外傷后出血·[Spontaneousbleeding]自發(fā)性出血·[BleedingContinuously]持續(xù)出血·[Occultblood,OB]隱血·[Hematobilia]膽道出血·[Hemathorax]血胸·[Hemarthrosis]關(guān)節(jié)積血·[Hematocoelia]腹腔積血·[Hematoma]血腫·[Hemopericardium]心包積血·[Cerebralhemorrhage]腦出血·[Subarachnoidhemorrhage(SAH)]蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔出血·[Excessive(Heavy)menstrualflowwithpassageofclots]月經(jīng)量多伴血塊·[Mild(Moderate)menses]月經(jīng)量少（中等）·[PainlessVaginalbleeding]無痛性陰道出血·[Postcoitalbleeding]性交后出血·[Pulsatingbleeding]搏動(dòng)性出血·[Post-operationwoundhemorrhage]術(shù)后傷口出血·[Excessivebleedingafterdenalextraction]拔牙后出血過多（8）紫紺的表示方法·[Congenitalcyanosis]先天性紫紺·[Enterogenous]腸源性·[Central]中樞性·[Peripheral]周圍性·[Mixed]混合性·[Acrocyanosis]指端紫紺（9）惡心與嘔吐的表示方法·[Vomiturition(Retching)]干嘔·[Feelnauseated]惡心感·[Postprandialnausea]飯后惡心·[Hiccup]呃逆·[Sourregurgitation]返酸·[Fecal(Stercoraceous)vomiting]吐糞·[undigestedfoodVomiting]吐不消化食物·[BiliousVomiting]吐膽汁（10）腹瀉與便秘的表示方法·[Moningdiarrhea]晨瀉·[Watery(Liquid)diarrhea]水瀉·[Mucousdiarrhea]粘液瀉·[Fattydiarrhea]脂肪瀉·[Chronic(Acute)]慢性（急性）·[Milddiarrhea]輕度腹瀉·[Intractable(Uncontrolled)diarrhea]難治性腹瀉·[Protracteddiarrhea]遷延性腹瀉·[Bloodystool]血?！Frothystool]泡沫樣便·[Formless(Formed)stool]不成形（成形）便·[Loose(Hard)stool]?。ㄓ玻┍恪Rice-waterstool]米泔樣便·[Undigestedstool]不消化便·[Dysentericdiarrhea]痢疾樣腹瀉·[Inflammatorydiarrhea]炎癥性腹瀉·[Osmotic]滲透性·[Secretory]分泌性·[Malabsorption]吸收不良性·[Lienteric]消化不良性·[Pancreaticdiarrhea]胰性腹瀉·[Tenesmus]里急后重·[Passastool(Haveapassage;openorrelaxthebowel)]解大便·[Haveacallofnature]便意·[Fecalincontinence(Copracrasia)]大便失禁·[Functionalconstipation]功能性便秘·[Organicconstipation]器質(zhì)性便秘·[Habitualconstipation]習(xí)慣性便秘·[Haveatendencytobeconstipated]便秘傾向（11）黃疸的表示方法·[Latent(occult)jaundice]隱性黃疸·[Clinicaljaundice]顯性黃疸·[Nuclearicterus]核黃疸·[Physiologicicterus]生理性黃疸·[Icterussimplex]傳染性黃疸·[Toxemicicterus]中毒性黃疸·[Hemolytic]溶血性·[Hepatocellular]肝細(xì)胞性·[Obstructive]阻塞性·[Congenital]先天性·[Familial]家族性·[Cholestatic]膽汁淤積性·[Hematogenous]血源性·[Malignant]惡性·[Painless]無痛性（12）意識障礙的表示方法·[Somnolence]嗜睡·[Confusion]意識模糊·[Stupor]昏睡·[Coma]昏迷·[Delirium]譫妄·[Syncope(swoon;faint)]暈厥·[Drowsiness]倦睡（13）排尿的表示方法·[Enuresis(Bed-wetting)]遺尿·[Anuria]無尿·[Emictioninterruption]排尿中斷·[Interruptionofurinarystream]尿線中斷·[Nocturia]夜尿·[Oliguria]少尿·[Polyuria]多尿·[Passwater(Makewater;urinate;micturition)]排尿·[Frequentmicturition(Frequencyofmicturition;fruquenturination;Pollakiuria)]尿頻·[Urgentmicturition(Urgencyofurinationormicturition)]尿急·[Urodynia(Painonmicturition;painfulmicturition;alginuresis;micturitionpain)]尿痛·[Dysuria(Difficultyinmicturition;disturbanceofmicturition)]排尿困難·[Smallurinarystream]尿線細(xì)小·[Voidwithagoodstream]排尿通暢·[Guttateemiction(Dribblingfollowingurination;terminaldribbling)]滴尿·[Bifurcationofurination]尿流分叉·[Residualurine]殘余尿·[Extravasationofurine]尿外滲·[Stressincontinence]壓力性尿失禁·[Overflowincontinence]溢出性尿失禁·[Paradoxicalincontinence]反常性尿失禁3．少見癥狀·[Weekness(Debility;asthenia;debilitating)]虛弱（無力）·[Fatigue(Tire;lassitude)]疲乏·[Discomfort(Indisposition;malaise)]不適·[Wasting(thin;underweight;emaciation;lean)]消瘦·[Nightsweating]盜汗·[Sweat(Perspiration)]出汗·[Coldsweat]冷汗·[Pruritus(Iching)]搔癢·[Asthma]氣喘·[Squeezing(Tightness;choking;pressing)sensationofthechest]胸部緊縮（壓榨）感·[Intermittentclaudication]間歇性跛行·[Difficultyinswallowing(Dysphagia;difficultswallowing;acataposis)]吞咽困難·[Epigastric(Upperabdominal)discomfort]上腹部不適·[Anorexia(Sitophobia)]厭食·[Poorappetite(Lossofappetite)]納差·[Heart-burn(Pyrosis)]胃灼熱·[Stomachache(Paininstomach)]胃部痛·[Periumbilialpain]臍周痛·[Belching(Eructation)]噯氣·[Sourregurgitation]返酸·[Abdominaldistention(bloating)]腹脹·[Passgas(Breakwink)]肛門排氣·[Small(Large)stool]大便少（多）·[Expel(Pass)worms]排蟲·[Painovertheliver]肝區(qū)痛·[Lumbago]腰痛·[Pica(Parorexia;allotriophagy)]異食癖·[Dysmenorrhea]痛經(jīng)·[Menoxenia(Irregularmenstruation)]月經(jīng)不調(diào)·[Polymenorrhea(Epimenorrhea)]月經(jīng)過頻·[Oligomenorrhea]月經(jīng)過少·[Excessivemenstruation(Menorrhagia;menometrorrhagia;hypermenorrhea)]經(jīng)量過多·[Hypomenorrhea(Scantymenstruation)]經(jīng)量過少·[Menopause(Menostasia;menostasis)]絕經(jīng)·[Amenorrhea(Menoschesis)]閉經(jīng)·[Leukorrhagia]白帶過多·[Asexuality(lackoflibido)]無性欲·[Hyposexuality]性欲低下·[Hypersexuality]性欲亢進(jìn)·[Prospermia(Ejaculatiopraecox)]早泄·[Impotency(impotence)]陽萎·[Nocturnalemission(Spermatorrhea)]遺精·[Lackofpotency]無性交能力·[Hairloss]脫發(fā)·[Jointpain(Arthralgia;arthrodynia)]關(guān)節(jié)痛·[Polydipsia(Excessivethirst)]多飲（煩渴）·[Polyphagia(Excessiveappetite;hyperorexia;bulimia)]多食·[Cold(Heat)intolerance]怕冷（熱）·[Dwarfism(Excessiveheight)]身材矮?。ǜ叽螅Excessivesweating]多汗·[Handstremble]手抖·[Obesity(Fatty)]肥胖·[Agitation(Anxiety;nervousirritability)]焦慮（憂慮）·[Mania]躁狂·[Hallucination]幻覺·[Aphasia(Logopathy)]失語·[Amnesia(Poormemorization;memorydeterioration)]記憶力下降·[Hemianesthesia]偏身麻木·[Formication]蟻?zhàn)吒小Tingling]麻刺感·[Hyperpathia]痛覺過敏·[Hypalgesia]痛覺減退·[Illusion]錯(cuò)覺·[Hemiplegia]半身不遂·[Insomnia(Poorsleepness;sleeplessness)]失眠·[Nightmare]多夢·[Numbness]麻木·[Paininlimbs(Acrodynia)]肢體痛·[Limitationofmotion]活動(dòng)受限·[Tetany]手足抽搐·[Dischargeofpus]流膿·[Blurredvision(Hazyvision;blurringofvision;dimnessofvision)]視物模糊·[Burning(Dry)sensation]燒灼（干燥）感·[Tearing(Dacryorrhea;Lacrimation)]流淚·[Doublevision(Diplopia)]復(fù)視·[Strabismus]斜視·[Hemianopia]偏盲·[Tiredeyes(Eyestrain)]眼疲勞·[Foreignbodysensation]異物感·[Losethesight(Loseofvision)]失明·[Diminutionofvision]視力減退·[Nictition]眨眼·[Ophthalmodynia(Eye-ache;ocularpain)]眼痛·[Photophobia]畏光·[Spotsbeforetheeyes]眼前黑點(diǎn)·[Deafness(Anacusia)]耳聾·[Auditorydysesthesia]聽力減退·[Otalgia(Otodynia;painintheear;ear-ache)]耳痛·[Stuffyfeelingintheear]耳閉氣·[Tinnitus]耳鳴·[Outophony]自聲過強(qiáng)·[Nasalobstruction(blockage)]鼻塞·[Drynessofthenose]鼻干燥·[Rhinorrhea(Snivel;Nasaldischarge)]流鼻涕·[Sneezing]打噴嚏·[Snoring]打鼾·[Hyposmia(Reductionofthesenseofsmell)]嗅覺減退·[Anosmia(Completelossofsenseofsmell)]嗅覺喪失·[Dysphonia]發(fā)音困難·[Hoarseness]聲嘶·[Painonswallowing]吞咽痛·[Salivadribbliesfromthemouth]流涎·[Troatyvoice]聲音沙啞·[Stridor]喘鳴·[Redandswollen]紅腫·[Scurf]頭皮屑·[Show]見紅·[Amnioticfluidescaped]破水·[Uterinecontraction]宮縮·[Acalculia]計(jì)算不能·[Apathy]情感淡漠·[Delusion]妄想4、時(shí)間的表示方法（1）月（Month）·[January,Jan.]一月·[February,Feb.]二月·[March,Mar.]三月·[April,Apr.]四月·[May]五月·[June,Jun.]六月·[July,Jul.]七月·[August,Aug.]八月·[September,Sept.]九月·[October,Oct.]十月·[November,Nov.]十一月·[December,Dec.]十二月（2）周（Week）·[Monday]星期一·[Tuesday]星期二·[Wednesday]星期三·[Thursday]星期四·[Friday]星期五·[Saturday]星期六·[Sunday]星期日（3）年（Year）和日[Day]·[1st(First)year]第1年·[2nd(Second)year]第2年·[3rd(Third)year]第3年·[4th(Forth)year]第4年·[Oneyear(day)]1年（天）·[Twoyears(days)]2年（天）·[Wholeyear]整年·[1st(First)]1日·[2rd(Second)]2日·[3rd(Third)]3日·[5th(Fifth)]5日·[Today]今天·明天[Tomorrow]·昨天[Yesterday]·前天[Thedaybdforeyesterday]·后天[Thedayaftertomorrow]·大前天[3daysago]·大后天[3dayshence]·今晚[Tonight]·昨晚[Lastnight]·明晚[Nextnight]·通宵[Allnight]·整天[Allday(thewholeday)]（4）季節(jié)[Season]和時(shí)節(jié)[Solarterms]·春季[Spring]·夏季[Summer]·秋季[Autumn]·冬季[Winter]·立春（夏、秋、冬）[theBeginningofSpiring(Summer;Autumn;Winter)]·小暑（雪、寒）[SlightHeat(Snow;Cold)]·大暑（雪、寒）[GreatHeat(Snow;Cold)]·雨水[RainWater]·驚蟄[theWakingofInsects]·春（秋）分[theSpiring(Autumnal)Equinox]·清明[PureBrightness]·谷雨[GrainRain]·小滿[GrainFull]·芒種[GraininEar]·夏（冬至）[theSummer(Winter)Solstice]·處暑[theLimitofHeat]·白（寒）露[White(Cold)Dew]·霜降[Frost’sDescent]（5）時(shí)間的表示方法·In[在……內(nèi)（后）]▲在2003年[In2003]▲在3月[InMarch(Mar.)]▲在去年10月[InlastOct.]▲在早晨[Inthemorning]▲在上午[Intheforenoon]▲在下午[Intheafternoon]▲在晚上[Intheevening]▲在近5天[Inthepast5days]▲在10分鐘后[In10minutes]▲在秋季[Inautumn]▲在這2～3天內(nèi)[Inacoupleofdays]·Within[在……中]▲在近8個(gè)月中[Withinthelast8months]▲在過去的2年中[Withinthepreceding2years]·On[在……時(shí)候]▲在2002的9月18日[Onthe18thofSeptember,2002(英國)orOnsept.18th,2002(美國)▲在星期三[OnWednesday]▲在本月7日[On7thinstant]·At[在……時(shí)]▲在中午[Atnoon]▲在晚上[Atnight]▲在昨晚[Atlast(preceding;previous)night]▲在半夜[Atmidnight]▲在上午10點(diǎn)鐘[At10AM]▲在5歲時(shí)[Attheageoffive]▲在2000年底（中、初）[Attheend(middle;beginning)of2000]·For[計(jì)……時(shí)間]

▲一周[Foroneweek]▲近2個(gè)月來[Forthepast2months]▲幾乎（整整）一年[Fornearlyamonth(afullmonth)]▲3個(gè)月左右[For3monthsorso]▲至少3個(gè)月[Foratleast3months]▲3個(gè)月以上[Formorethan3months]▲3個(gè)月或以上[For3monthsormore]▲時(shí)間不詳[Foranunknown(indefinite)period(time)]·Of[在……時(shí)期]▲10年內(nèi)[Of10years`duration]▲期間[Lengthoftime]▲6月6日[The6thofJune]·Dring[在……期間]▲在2000-2005年的幾年中[Duringtheyearsform2000to2005]▲在這4年中[Duringfouryears]▲在過去的幾周中[Duringthepast(Last)coupleofweeks]▲在夜間[Duringthenight]▲整天[Duringtheentireday]·About[約]▲約1個(gè)半小時(shí)[Aboutoneandhalfanhour]▲大約半年[Abouthalfayear]·To[至；在……之前]▲從今下午點(diǎn)至明上午8點(diǎn)[Form6PMtodayto8AMtomorrow]▲6點(diǎn)45分[Atfifteentoseven]·From[從……起]▲從14歲至52歲[From14to52year-old]▲從上午7點(diǎn)30分開始[Form7:30AM]▲從周一至周五[FromMondaythroughFriday]·Past[過去；超過]▲在過去的3周中[Inthepast3weeks]▲8點(diǎn)10分[tenminutespasteight]·Throughorthroughout[在……整個(gè)期間]▲通宵值班[Beondutythroughthenight]▲從一月到六月[FromJanuarythroughJune]▲熬過明晚[Throughthenextnigut]▲整天（晚）[Throughouttheday(night)]·Over[在……期間]▲在過去的2個(gè)月內(nèi)[Overthepasttwomonths]▲一夜間[Overnight]（6）其他表示方法·每月（年、日）一次[Monthly(Yearly;daily)]·整整一年[Yearlong(Year-round)]·滿周歲[Yearling]·工作日[Weekday]·周末[Weekend]·每周末[Weekends]·8小時(shí)工作日[Aneight-hourday]·整天[Daylong]·白天[Daytime]·晝夜[Nighttime]·日常的[Day-to-day]·夏令時(shí)間[Daylightsavingtime]·每晚[Nightly]·黃昏[Nighfall]·過期的[Overdue]·前天晚上（一夜間）[Overnight]·After[在……之后]▲婚后[Afterone`smarriage]七點(diǎn)十分[Tenafter(past)seven]?。ǔ觯┰汉骩Afteradmission(discharge)]起病后2天[2daysaftertheonset(attack)ofsymptoms]·Before[在……之前]7點(diǎn)50分之前[Beforesevenfifty]醫(yī)生到達(dá)前[Beforethedoctorcome]以前未有種癥狀[Havehadnotthesamesymptombefore]·Ago[以前]5年前[5yearsago]直到一個(gè)月前[Uptoonemonthago]大前天[Threedaysago]·Priorto[在……之前]入（出）院前[Priortoadmission(discharge)]前天之前[Priortothedaybeforeyesterday]·Upto[直到]直到3周前[Upto3weeksago]直到現(xiàn)在（出院）[Uptonow(discharge)]·Untilortill[直到]直到80歲[Until80yearsold]直到今晨8點(diǎn)[Until8o`clockthismoning]直到醫(yī)生查完房[Untilthedoctorhavefinishedthewardround]直到3年以前[Until3yearsago]直到出院前一天[Until1daypriortodischarge]·By[在……之前]下午點(diǎn)鐘前[By5PM]下個(gè)月之前[Bynextmonth]·Since[從……開始]自從去年術(shù)后[Sinceoperationwasperformedlastyear]前天起[Sincethedaybeforeyesterday]從2002年6月起[SinceJune2002]·超時(shí)(加班)[Overtime]·上午8點(diǎn)[8：00AM]·下午2點(diǎn)30分[2：30PM]·7點(diǎn)50分[Sevenfifty(Tentoeight)]·9點(diǎn)20分[Ninetwenty(Twentypastorafternine)]·術(shù)前[Pre-operation]·術(shù)后[Post-operation]第三章現(xiàn)病史[Historyofpresentillness(HPI/PI)]現(xiàn)病史書寫的重點(diǎn)包括：一、主訴中癥狀的詳細(xì)描述；二、疾病的發(fā)展過程；三、診療經(jīng)過；四、目前的一般情況。1、誘因·無誘因下[Withnoinducingfactors]·無明顯誘因下[Undernoobviouspredisposingcauses]·感冒一周后[Aftergetting(catching)commoncoldfor1week]2、癥狀出現(xiàn)的敘述·有……癥狀▲sufferfromhaveanattackofhave(fell)begintofellafeeling(sensation)of……complain(of)……sensation(feeling)in(of)……[發(fā)熱]haveatemperature(becomefeverish)·在……情況下發(fā)生活動(dòng)時(shí)呼吸困難[dyspneaonexertion]躺下后即出現(xiàn)咳嗽[Coughoccurssoonafterlying]·與……有（無）關(guān)與……有關(guān)[beassociatedwith]與……有關(guān)[have(make)relationto]與……無關(guān)[have(make)norelationto]·在……情況下加重（減輕）餐后加重[becomeworseaftertakingmeals]站立后緩解[berelievedbystandingup]隨呼吸和咳嗽而加重[becomemoreseverewithbreathingandcough]·伴有……beaccompaniedby3、起病方式·急性腹痛[acuteabdominalpain]·慢性低熱[chroniclowerfever]·暴發(fā)性發(fā)病[theonsetwasfulminating]·驟起胸痛[anexplosiveonsetofchestpain]·突然起病伴高熱[theonsetwassuddenwithhighfever]·突發(fā)突止[attacksbeganandendedabruptly]·因……而突然起病[theattackisprecipitatedby……]·很快發(fā)生暈厥[syncopeoccuredrapidly]·逐漸出現(xiàn)咳嗽咳痰[gradualonsetofcoughandsputum]·偶而[occasionally(sporadically,accidentally)]·反復(fù)胸悶心悸[recurrent(boutsof)chestdiscomfortandpalpitation]·一過性發(fā)作[transitoryattack]·連續(xù)胸痛[chestpaincontinually]·時(shí)重時(shí)輕[wanedandwaxed]·時(shí)好時(shí)壞[hanginthebalance]·不停地咳嗽[haveafitofcough]·發(fā)作性呼吸困難[paroxysmalshortofbreath]·頻繁咳嗽[coughfrequently(veryoften)]·持續(xù)性（間歇性）[persistent(intermittent)]·頻發(fā)胸痛[frequentepisodesofchestpain]·持續(xù)不變[besteady]4、病情變化描述·[癥狀好轉(zhuǎn)]▲fellbetterthanbefore ▲takeafavorableturn ▲takeaturnforthebetter ▲improve ▲makefavorableprogress ▲turnforthebetter ▲changeforthebetter ▲bebetter·[癥狀減輕]▲alleviate ▲reduce ▲palliate ▲diminish ▲ease(lighten) ▲mitigate·[癥狀消失]▲disappear ▲subside ▲regress ▲clearup ▲vanish ▲dissolve ▲die(fade)away ▲relieve·[癥狀加重]▲be(make,become,get)worse ▲worsen ▲becomemoresevere ▲takeaturnfortheworse ▲beaggravated ▲increaseinseverity ▲takeabadturn ▲make(become)moreserious ▲make(become)heavier·[無變化] ▲remainthesameas…… ▲continuewithoutchange ▲beidentical ▲bealike ▲besimilar ▲resemble·[時(shí)好時(shí)壞] ▲waneandwax ▲hanginthebalance·[體溫/血壓升降]升至[rise(goup)to]已升至[haverisen(goneup)to]從……升至……[goupfrom……to……]升至[beelevatedto]迅速下降[fall(decline,abate)abruptly]驟降（升）[suddendrop(elevation)]漸降（升）[fall(elevate)gradually]緩慢下降[slowcrisis(lysis)of]一天天下降[be(become)lowerdaybyday]開始降低[begintoremit]降至正常[drop(wasreduced)tonormal]已降至[havegonedown(dropped)to]回復(fù)到正常[return(revert)tonormal]由……降（升）至……[fall(elevate)from……to……]維持在……水平[maintainatalevelof……]穩(wěn)定在……[stabilizeat……]熱退了[feverdisappeared]不超過[donotgoupover(exceed)……]在……和……之間波動(dòng)[fluctuate(vary)between……and……]在……至……范圍內(nèi)[rangefrom……to……]平均38.5℃[anaveragetemperatureof38.5有39.2℃的體溫[5、癥狀的時(shí)間表示·持續(xù) ▲lastedfor2days ▲havegoneonfor1month ▲havecontinuedfor10hours ▲lastedontheaverage3-5hours ▲lastedavariabletimefrom5minutestoseveralhours ▲lastedabouthalfanhour·超過（不到）[movethan(lessthan)]·……以前[twoyearsago]·多在……時(shí)發(fā)生[usuallybetween3and5PM]·未發(fā)作過[befreeofonsets(attacks)for2weeks]6、癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度·輕度[mild(slight)]·中度[moderate]·重度[severe(serious)]7、癥狀的其他描述方法·[部位] ▲belocated(situated)in(over)[位于] ▲Thereislocalizedpainin……[疼痛位于] ▲near……[在……附近] ▲belocalizedto(in,over)[局限于] ▲belimited(confined)to[局限于]·[表示部位的介詞] ▲心尖部，表示小的部位或點(diǎn)[attheapex] ▲上腹部，表示大的部位[intheupperabdomen] ▲在左下肢，表示皮膚表面上（下）的病變[on(beneath)theleftlowerlimb] ▲在右肺，表示正上方的相應(yīng)體表部位[overtherightlung] ▲嘴上（下）方，表示高低或上下的位置關(guān)系[above(below)themouth]▲左乳皮下[undertheskinoftheleftbreast]·[轉(zhuǎn)移/放射] ▲轉(zhuǎn)移到……[shift(migrate)to……] ▲放射到……[radiate(travel,go,refer)to……] ▲從……放射到……[radiatefrom……to……]·[耳鼻咽喉及口腔癥狀] ▲耳痛[otalgia(painofears)] ▲耳鳴[tinnitus(earsring)] ▲耳鳴[abuzzing(ringing,singing)intheears] ▲左耳有耳鳴感[abuzzingsensationintheleftear] ▲耳聾[deafness(lossinhearing)] ▲左耳聾[bedeafoftheleftear] ▲耳流膿[otorrhea(otopyorrhea)] ▲耳出血[otorrhagia] ▲耳垢[cerumen(earwax)] ▲耳血腫[othematoma] ▲鼻塞[nasalobstruction] ▲不能用鼻呼吸[beunabletobreathethrough(by)thenose(nasaldyspnea)] ▲打噴涕和流涕[sneezingandnasaldischarge] ▲水樣鼻涕[wateryrhinorrhea] ▲鼻出血[nosebleed] ▲咽喉痛[sorethroat] ▲口吃[stuttering] ▲口臭[ozostomia(saburra,halitosis)] ▲張口困難[difficult(inability)toopenthemouth] ▲張口（吞咽、嚼）困難[difficultinopeningthemouth(swallowing，masticating)] ▲咽下困難[dysphagia] ▲流涎多[haveexcessivesalvation]·[眼科及牙科癥狀] ▲眼瞼浮腫[eyelidedema] ▲眼痛[painintheeyes] ▲視邊模糊[blurringofvision(blurredvision)] ▲過度流淚[excessivetearing(watering)] ▲視疲勞[asthenopia(visionaltired)] ▲視力減退[hypopsia(diminutionofvision)] ▲視力衰弱[ophthalmocopia] ▲遠(yuǎn)（近）視力模糊[indistinctdistant(near)vision] ▲失明[lossofvision] ▲搏動(dòng)性牙痛[throbbingpainoftooth(odontalgia)] ▲牙齦出血[gingivalbleeding] ▲牙齦萎縮（增生）[gingivalatrophy(hypertrophy)] ▲牙周溢膿[peripyema]·[婦產(chǎn)科癥狀] ▲月經(jīng)過多[excessivemenstrualflow(menorrhagia)] ▲月經(jīng)多并伴血塊[experiencemenorrhagiawithpassageofclots] ▲經(jīng)量少（中等、多）[mild(moderate,heavy)menses] ▲月經(jīng)過少[hypomenorrhea]▲陰道出血[vaginalbleeding(colporrhagia)]▲陰道大出血[massive(profuse)vaginalbleeding] ▲無痛性（性交后）陰道出血[painless(postcoital)vaginalbleeding] ▲陰道干燥[colpoxerosis] ▲月經(jīng)規(guī)則（不規(guī)則）[rugular(irregular)menstrualcycle] ▲月經(jīng)周期26天，持續(xù)4天[menstrualperiodsof26daysandlasted4days] ▲白帶增多[leukorrhagia(profuseleukorrheaorwhites)] ▲外陰搔癢[pruritusofvulva] ▲外陰濕疹（白斑）[eczema(leukoplakia)ofvulva] ▲絕經(jīng)[amenorrhea] ▲停經(jīng)[menopause] ▲停經(jīng)3年[3yearspostmenopausal] ▲50歲停經(jīng)[Passedmenopauseatage50] ▲經(jīng)前（期）痛[painbefore(during)theflow] ▲預(yù)產(chǎn)期[expecteddateofconfinement] ▲見紅和破水[showandamnioticfluidescaped(ruptureofmembranes)] ▲羊水過多（少）[polyhydramnios(oligohydramnios)] ▲月經(jīng)期水腫[menstrualedema] ▲月經(jīng)失調(diào)[menstrualdisorder] ▲性欲正常（減退）[normal(decreased)libido] ▲無性欲[lossoflibido] ▲性功能障礙[sexualdisorder] ▲性變態(tài)[paraphilia] ▲性要求高（低）[beoversexed(undersexed)] ▲性感不快[dypareunia] ▲性欲亢進(jìn)（減退）[hyper