考研考博-英語-天津海運(yùn)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津海運(yùn)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（擾亂）Europeans’privatelives.

Europe'sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技術(shù)的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.

Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong—iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,"I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife."

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問題1選項

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問題2選項

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問題3選項

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問題4選項

A.somemodernwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問題5選項

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners.

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。本題需要找越來越多年輕歐洲人單身的原因。第一段第三句說到“Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.一位法國社會學(xué)家認(rèn)為，從家庭生活到獨(dú)居生活的轉(zhuǎn)變是上個世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個人主義勢頭”的一部分。”A選項“他們被強(qiáng)烈的個人主義所驅(qū)使”符合文意。

2.判斷推理題。A選項“它助長了小家庭的趨勢”文章未提及，可排除；C選項“盡管市場自由，但消費(fèi)者的選擇有限”與文意相反，人們現(xiàn)在選擇越來越獨(dú)立自主，并不受限制；D選項“它正受到不可抗拒的私有化的威脅”文中未提及。B選項“它越來越接近美國式的資本主義”，對應(yīng)文章第二段第二句“Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.當(dāng)前這一代的獨(dú)居者是在歐洲從社會民主主義向更尖銳、更個人主義的美國式資本主義氣候轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中成長起來的”，Thecurrentgenerationofhome-aloners現(xiàn)在這一代的獨(dú)居者正代表了歐洲社會的趨勢，因此B選項符合文意。

3.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thenewestgroupofsingles最新的單身群體”定位到第三段第二句“Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.盡管領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金的人，尤其是老年女性，在獨(dú)居人群中占了很大比例，但最新一批單身人士都是三四十歲的高收入者，他們越來越把獨(dú)居視為一種生活方式的選擇?！鼻以诘谒亩窝a(bǔ)充說到“Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!他們年輕，美麗，強(qiáng)壯！”說明最新的單身群體是D選項“身心健康者與高收入者”

4.作者意圖題。由關(guān)鍵詞Eppendorf定位到文章最后一段中“Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,‘I'vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.’埃彭多夫是一名金發(fā)碧眼的柏林人，皮膚被曬得黝黑，她上午在小學(xué)教書。下午她曬日光浴或睡覺，休息后去跳舞。年僅50歲的她說，她從來沒有想過要做她母親曾經(jīng)做過的事——放棄職業(yè)來養(yǎng)家糊口。相反，‘我一直在做自己想做的事：過一種自主的生活?！边@是為了說明像Eppendorf一樣的現(xiàn)代女性正過著自己喜歡的自由自主的生活。因此A選項“一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個人自由的生活”符合文意。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要講述的是歐洲年輕人傾向于獨(dú)身主義這一現(xiàn)象，且花了大篇幅探索其原因。C選項“調(diào)查年輕人獨(dú)居的趨勢”符合作者意圖。A選項“回顧女性成為高收入者的影響”文章未提及；B選項“思考個人主義背后的哲學(xué)”與第一段第二句“thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplation這不是悲觀的哲學(xué)思考”相悖；D選項“強(qiáng)調(diào)重建人際關(guān)系”文中未提及。

2.單選題

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

問題1選項

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。dilemmas困境；countenances面容；concessions讓步；junctions連接點。句意：一個人可以通過注意他人的眼睛和面部即時的或短暫的反應(yīng)來更好地理解別人。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Youarenow（）thebenefitofyourformerthrift.

問題1選項

A.reaping

B.drawing

C.enjoying

D.gaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項reaping“收獲，獲得；收割”；B選項drawing“畫；拉；吸引”；C選項enjoying“欣賞，享受；喜愛；使過得快活”；D選項gaining“增加；利潤；收獲；獲得；賺到”。根據(jù)固定搭配gainthebenefit“得到益處/好處”可知該題選gaining。句意：你現(xiàn)在正受益于你以前的節(jié)儉。因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Sincethe1980s,increasingly（

）toolshavemadeitpossibletoproduce,market,anddistributemotionpicturesdigitally.

問題1選項

A.predictable

B.disguised

C.ornamental

D.sophisticated

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容詞辨析。predictable可預(yù)測的；disguised偽裝的；ornamental裝飾的；sophisticated高級的，復(fù)雜的。句意：20世紀(jì)80年代以來，越來越高級的工具使得電影以數(shù)字化形式制作、營銷和推廣成為可能。選項D符合句意。

5.單選題

TheChinesepolarexplorerstookeveryprecautionto（）thedangersoftheirtrip.

問題1選項

A.minimize

B.extinguish

C.shrink

D.prevent

【答案】A

【解析】句意：中國極地探險者采取了一切預(yù)防措施，把旅行的危險降到了最低。選項A符合句意。

6.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks（）.

問題1選項

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項legal“法律的，合法的”。B選項regulation“規(guī)則，法規(guī)”。C選項limitation“限制，限度”。D選項agreement“協(xié)議，同意”。句意：艾倫是個優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動員，從不犯規(guī)。breakregulation譯為“犯規(guī)”。因此B選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven（）ofwealth.

問題1選項

A.distribution

B.peace

C.justice

D.section

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項distribution“分配，分布”；B選項peace“和平”；C選項justice“公平，公正”；D選項section“部分，部門”。句意：許多社會問題是由財富（）不均引起的。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“財富的分配不均導(dǎo)致了社會問題”，因此A選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Ididn’tignoreher（

）.Ijustdidn’trecognizeher.

問題1選項

A.attentively

B.intensively

C.intentionally

D.intensely

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。attentively“注意地；聚精會神地”；intensively“強(qiáng)烈地；集中地”；intentionally“故意地；有意地”；intensely“強(qiáng)烈地；緊張地；熱情地”。句意：我不是有意忽視她，只是沒認(rèn)出她。選項C符合題意。

9.單選題

Reading（

）themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge,itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

問題1選項

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.furnishes

D.minimizes

【答案】C

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。Rectifies“修正，校正”；prolongs“延長，拖延”；furnishes“裝飾，提供信息”；minimizes“使最小化，把..減至最少”。句意：閱讀僅僅可以使我們學(xué)到知識，而思考卻可以讓我們讀懂自己。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Wemustlookbeyond______andassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項justification“借口，理由”；B選項illusion“錯覺，幻想”；C選項manifestation“表示，表明”；D選項specification“規(guī)格，說明書”。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知空格處與assumptions的意思接近，因此選B。句意：我們必須超越幻想和假設(shè)，努力發(fā)現(xiàn)缺失的東西。

11.單選題

Ifwe______ourdifferencefactions,thentogetherwecangainthemajorityinthelegislature.

問題1選項

A.amalgamate

B.manifest

C.alienate

D.deviate

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.amalgamate（使）合并；聯(lián)合B.manifest清楚顯示（尤指情感、態(tài)度或品質(zhì)），表明

C.alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)；使不友好D.deviate背離；偏離

【答案】A

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞together（一起）可推知，______ourdifferencefactions表示的是“把不同的派別合并起來”，因此該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】如果我們把不同的派別合并起來，那么我們就能在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中獲得多數(shù)席位。

12.單選題

ThelandscapeoftheAmericanWestwasdramaticallyalteredduringthe20thcenturyasaresultofthe_______constructionofdamsalongmajorrivers.

問題1選項

A.degenerative

B.widespread

C.advancing

D.extensive

【答案】B

【解析】degenerative退化的;widespread分布廣泛的;advancing前進(jìn)的;extensive廣泛的,一般指范圍和內(nèi)容寬泛。句意：由于沿主要河流修建了大量的水壩,美國西部的景色在20世紀(jì)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)分布廣泛,所以選項B更恰當(dāng)。

13.單選題

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnodenyingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredor_______bytheteacher.

問題1選項

A.exaggerated

B.discounted

C.overestimated

D.verified

【答案】B

【解析】exaggerated夸大,言過其實的;discounted打折的;overestimated過高評價的;verified核實的。句意：無論我們多么重視學(xué)校生活,不可否認(rèn)的事實是孩子們呆在家里的時間比在教室里的時間多。因此,父母的巨大影響是不能被老師忽視或者大打折扣的。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

“Youth”and“culture”havebeenarathermorefamiliarpairingwithinsociologythan“oldage”and“culture”.Youngpeople'sspendingonclothes,stereoequipmentandcosmeticsmeantthatthe"teenager"becameavitallyimportantconsumerofleisuregoodsandservices.Thesefeaturesofyoungpeoplesexperiences,alongwiththeirincreasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,inevitablycaughttheattentionofseveralinfluentialsociologistswhowentontodescribeandanalyzethephenomenonof“youthculture”.Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschangedsomewhat.Withtheagingofthepopulation,itisolderpeoplewhorepresentanincasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,someofwhomenjoyrelativeaffluencewithhighlevelsofdisposableincome.Consequently,itisolderpeople,ratherthanyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.Severalsociologistshavebeguntoanalyzetheculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.

BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.Thisisthestageofthelifecourseafterretirementfrompaidwork,whereactivity,leisureandpleasureareenjoyedbeforetheonsetofoldageproperbringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.Blailie'sbookisnotabouthowindividualswithanaccumulationofchronologicalyearsactuallyexperiencelaterlife,butisinsteadanexaminationofthechangingdiscoursesofgrowingoldastheseareexpressedinpopularculture.

Blailie'sanalysisissensitivetoissuesraisedbythereconstructionofoldageasa"leisureandpleasure"filledlifecoursestage,includingitsmeaningfulnesstothosewithoutthefinancialorotherresourcesnecessarytoenjoyit.Importantly,healsodiscusseswhattheculturalreconstructionofthepost-retirementphaseoflifecoursemeansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.

Forabooksoconcernedwiththeanalysesofvisualrepresentationsoflaterlife,therearefewactualillustrations.Thismustberegardedasaweakness.Moreoftenthannot,thereaderiswhollyreliantonBlaikie'sowndescriptionofvisualsourcesandhisinterpretationofhowtheserepresentlaterlife.Thereproductionofagreaternumberofcartoonsorphotographswouldhavegreatlyimprovedthepersuasivenessofhisanalysis.Nevertheless,thisisatimelybookwhichmakesanimportantcontributiontotheliteratureontheculturalreconstructionoflaterlife.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentenceofthearticle,youcanconcludethat（）.

2.WhatarethemaincontentsofBlaikie'sbook?

3.Whatcausedtheappearanceofthe"grayculture"phenomenon?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheThirdAgeinparagraph2istrue?

5.Thesignificanceoftheculturalreconstructionofoldagemainlyliesin（）.

問題1選項

A.youtharemorefamiliarwithsociologythanelderly

B.theelderlyaremorefamiliarwithsociologythanyouth

C.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesofyouththanthoseoftheelderlywithinsociology

D.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesoftheelderlythanyouthwithinsociology

問題2選項

A.Theproblemsraisedbytheagingofpopulation.

B.Thechangeinstylesofgrowingold.

C.Theconsumingtendencyoftheolderpeople.

D.Theanalysisofvisualdescriptionoflaterlife.

問題3選項

A.Anincreasingproportionofolderpeoplewithinthetotalpopulation.

B.Olderpeopleareregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.

C.Somesociologistshavebeguntostudytheculturalimplicationsofanagingpopulation.

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.Theelderlycan'tworkinthisstage.

B.Theelderly'slivesarefullofpleasureduringthewholestage.

C.Fortheelderly,dependingonsocietyanddeathareinevitablyfinally.

D.Theelderlyareafraidofdeathverymuch.

問題5選項

A.helpingoldpeopleinfinancialdifficultiestoenjoytheirlives

B.helpingtheelderlytocommunicatewithyoutheasily

C.helpingtheelderlytoimprovetheirlifestandards

D.helpingustounderstandtheeldersanddeath

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.第一段第一句的原意是：在社會學(xué)中,“青年”和“文化”是比“老年”和“文化”更為熟悉的一對。下文給出了原因,由于年輕人的特性和所占人口比重大,吸引了社會學(xué)家對“青年文化”現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了描述和分析。所以選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Blaikie'sbook”定位到第一段的最后一句“AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.”而這種“灰色文化”現(xiàn)象即下文提到的“BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.”所以,選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第一段后半部分內(nèi)容“Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschanged...theculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.”選項A,B,C都是“灰色文化”出現(xiàn)的原因,所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Thisisthestage...bringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.”這是退休之后的人生階段,這個階段的人們在老年產(chǎn)生社會依賴,感到身體不適,甚至可能死亡之前,就可以享受到活動、休閑和娛樂。選項B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“...meansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.”意味著我們對“老年人”的理解和表達(dá)以及生物死亡的必然性。選項D符合原文。

15.單選題

Youwillseethisproduct（

）whereveryougo.

問題1選項

A.tobeadvertised

B.advertised

C.advertise

D.advertising

【答案】B

【解析】語法（分詞作后置定語）題。分析題干可知，空格處填入的是定語來修飾thisproduct。而product和advertise是被動關(guān)系，所以用表被動的過去分詞作后置定語，B選項正確。

16.單選題

Thissortofrudebehaviorinpublichardly（）apersoninyourposition.

問題1選項

A.becomes

B.fits

C.supports

D.improves

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項become有“與……相稱，適合(某人)”的含義，例句：Thisdressdoesn’tbecomethecolorofyourskin.（這件裙子不襯你的膚色）；B選項fit雖然也有這個意思，但它主要是指尺寸、式樣以及數(shù)量是否適合，例句：Ican’tfindclothestofitme.（我找不到合身的衣服。）；C選項support“支持，維護(hù)”；D選項improve意為“提高，改善”。句意：在公共場合，這種粗魯?shù)男袨榕c你的地位是不相符的。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

17.不定項選擇題

Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe“useitorloseit”philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.AtPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,SherryWillisandherhusband,K.WarnerSchaie,havestudied5000people,somesince1956.Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction,theyfind,perhapsbecausechronicdiseasescanrestrictlifestyleandreducementalstimulation.Similarly,thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter,perhapsbecausemoneycanbuyintellectuallystimulatingthingsliketravel.

Educationhelpstoo.Researcherssaybecauseitinstillstheconvictionthatyoucanalwayslearnsomethingnew.TheSchaie-Willisteamalsohassomeotherobservations.Beinginastablemarriagewithastimulatingspouse,theysay,helpsmaintainintellectualvigor.

Flexibilitycountstoo.Peoplewhostaymentallyvibrantareoftenthosewhodonotinsistthat“theymustdothingstodayastheydidbefore”Schaiesays.Inneuropsychologicalterms,theabilitytoseeproblemsinnewwaysoftenyieldshigherscoresontestsofmentalfunction.Andpeoplesatisfiedwithlifealsostaymorementallyfit,hesays.

Ifyoufindyourmentalskillssagging,considerworkingonspecificdeficits.WhenWillisgave5-hourstutorialsoninductivereasoningorspatialskillstoabout200peoplewhoseskillshaddeclinedintheprevious14years,40percentregainedlostabilities.Thatadvantageheldupsevenyearslatewhentheywereretested.

Otherwaystostaysharp,Schaiesays,aredoingjigsawpuzzlestohonevisuo-spatialskills,workingcrosswordpuzzlesforverbalskills,andplayingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.

Finally,rememberthis.Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.

1.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses（）.

2.Theword“it”inthesaying“useitorloseit”(paragraph1)refersto（）.

3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingfactorsaffectscognitiveaging?

4.Fromthispassagewemaysafelyinferthat（）mighthelppreventmentaldeclines.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,allofthefollowingcantrulybesaidaboutwisdomEXCEPTthat（）.

問題1選項

A.theroleofmentalstimulationinpreventingmentalaging

B.graduallossofmentalskillswithnormalaging

C.therelationshipbetweenmentalfunctionandspatialskills

D.effectivewaystokeepintellectualvigor

問題2選項

A.brainpower

B.cognitivedevelopment

C.mentalsimulating

D.intellectualfunction

問題3選項

A.Education

B.Chronicillness

C.Standardofliving

D.Alloftheabove

問題4選項

A.physicalexercises

B.socialinterconnections

C.rigiddailyroutines

D.ahealthydiet

問題5選項

A.wisdommaybethoughtofasaspecialformofabilitiesandknowledgecompletelydevelopedwithlifeexperience

B.wisdommaystillgrowevenwhentheprocessofmentalagingstarted

C.wisdomissuperiorinimportancetomentalskillssuchinductivereasoningandspatialskills

D.wisdommakesupanimportantpartofbrainpower

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“thereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines有證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡有關(guān)的衰退”，可知A項與原文相符。A項“智力的刺激在防止智力老化方面的作用”；B項“隨著年齡的增長心智能力逐漸喪失”，與原文不符；C項“智力功能和空間技能之間的關(guān)系”，與原文不符；D項“保持智力活力的有效方式”，與原文不符，因此A選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Researchersdisagreeonwhetherthe‘useitorloseit’philosophyholdsforcognitiveaging,butthereisoneevidencethatkeepingmentallyactivecanslowage-relateddeclines.研究人員對‘要么使用它，要么失去它’的理論是否適用于認(rèn)知老化持不同意見，但有證據(jù)表明，保持思維活躍可以減緩與年齡有關(guān)的衰退。”可推知it在這里指代“智力的能力”。A項“腦力”；B項“認(rèn)知的發(fā)展”；C項“腦力的模擬”；D項“智力功能”，因此A選項正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章第一段中“Peopleluckyenoughtoavoidchronicdiseasesmayalsofarebetterinintellectualfunction幸運(yùn)地沒有患慢性疾病的人在智力功能方面可能進(jìn)展得更好”可知B項“慢性疾病”與原文相符；由第一段中“thoseluckyenoughtoberelativelyaffluentalsofarebetter那些足夠幸運(yùn)的相對富裕的人也過得更好”可知C項“生活水平”與原文相符；由第二段中“Educationhelpstoo教育也有幫助”可知A項“教育”與原文相符，A、B、C選項均正確。A項“教育”；B項“慢性疾病”；C項“生活水平”；D項“以上所有各項”，因此D選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第五段中“Otherwaystostaysharp…playingbridgeformemoryandsimplymatchingwitsathomewithplayersonTVgameshows.還有其他保持思維敏捷的方法……比如靠記憶打橋牌，或者在家與電視游戲節(jié)目中的玩家斗智?！笨芍狟項“社會聯(lián)系”與原文相符。A項“身體鍛煉”；B項“社會聯(lián)系”；C項“固定的日常生活”；D項“健康的飲食”，因此B選項正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到文章最后一段中“Eventhoughyoumaylosesomementalskillswithnormalaging,youalsogaininonekeyarea:wisdom.Thegrowthofwisdomcontinuesthroughoutthe40s,50sandeven60s.雖然隨著年齡的增長，你可能會失去一些心智能力，但你也會在一個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域獲得收獲：智慧。在40、50，甚至60歲，心智力都在不斷增長?！保芍狝項“智慧可以被認(rèn)為是完全由生活經(jīng)驗發(fā)展而來的能力和知識的一種特殊形式”、B項“即使大腦開始老化，智慧仍然會增長”及D項“智慧是腦力的重要組成部分”均與原文相符；而C項“智慧的重要性高于歸納推理和空間技能等心理技能”原文并未提及，因此C選項符合題意。

18.單選題

Wearemakinglittle（）inpollutioncontrol.

問題1選項

A.headway

B.sideway

C.edgeways

D.leeway

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項headway“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；航行速度；間隔時間”；B選項sideway“人行道；小巷”；C選項edgeways“側(cè)著；邊對邊地；在邊上的”；D選項leeway“退路；留有余地；風(fēng)壓差；余地”。根據(jù)固定搭配makelittleheadway“前進(jìn)的步伐很?。粵]什么進(jìn)展”可知該題選headway。句意：我們在控制污染方面成績甚微。因此A選項正確。

19.單選題

Intheory,governmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;inpractice,theymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeing（

）bythemarket.

問題1選項

A.replaced

B.overlooked

C.saturated

D.penalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。replace“代替；更換”；overlook“忽略；俯瞰；遠(yuǎn)眺；檢查”；saturate“使?jié)裢福皇癸柡汀?；penalize“懲罰”。句意：理論上，政府有制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的自由；實際上，他們必須遵守國際經(jīng)濟(jì)模式或冒險被市場懲罰。選項D符合題意。

20.單選題

Theymanagedto（）theenemy’ssecrettelegramandthuswereabletowinthevictory.

問題1選項

A.decompose

B.decode

C.enlighten

D.enclose

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Decompose“分解，腐爛”；decode“解密，破譯”；enlighten“啟示”；enclose“圍繞，裝入”。句意：他們設(shè)法破譯了敵人的密電，從而贏得了勝利。選項B符合題意。

21.單選題

Whowouldhavethoughtwewouldbecomeaplanetof“ologies”？There’sbiology,psychology,herpetology,etymology,andgeologyjusttonameafew.However,one“ology”trulyhelpsustounderstandthemostpartofourplanet,ourenvironment.Ecology(whichisfilledwithecologists)isthestudyofecosystemsandthebeingsandorganismsthatinhabitthoseecosystems.Justthink,inconditionofbees,deerandotherorganisms,youareimportanttoecologists.

Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.Theycanbeassmallasapatchofglassoraslargeastheentirebiosphere.Themanyvarietiesofplantsandanimalsthatexistinourplanetecosystemsareimportanttoourecosystems.Plantsinparticularprovideoxygenandnutrientsallorganismsneedtosurvive.Theseproducershavetheabilitytousethesun’senergytoproducefood(thinkphotosynthesis).Thisiswheretheanimalsandconsumersbecomeimportant.Theanimalsgettheirenergybyeatingtheplantsandotherorganismswithintheecosystem.Withouttheproducersandconsumers,decomposerswouldnothaveajob.Asyoumayhaveguests,decomposers,likebacteria,stepinbrokendown,theorganicmaterialsareabsorbedbythesoilandgasesaresentbackintoouratmosphere.ThewholeprocessisreadytostartagainthroughtheEarth’snaturalcycles.Therehastobeabalanceofproducers,consumers,decomposersinordertoremainabalancedecosystem.

Remember,allorganismsneedmatterandenergytosurvive.Anecosystemisbalancedwhenmatterandenergymoveefficientlythroughthoseecosystems.Justasyourbackpackhasalimitonthenumberofhugetextbooksitcancarryatanygiventime,allecosystemshavealimitonthepopulationstheycanmaintain.Carryingcapacityisthelargestpopulationanecosystemcansupportatanyparticulartime.Thesupportofthispopulationdependsontheamountofresources(matterandenergy)thatareavailableandthemovementofthoseresourceswithinthatecosystem.Ifenergyandmatteraremovingefficientlythroughanecosystem,thenthecurrentpopulationofplantsandanimalshasnotreachedbeyondtheecosystem’scarryingcapacity.Onceresourcesdwindleoranimalpopulationsincreasedramatically,theecosystemmaynotbeabletosupportthosepopulations.Fortunately,naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems:ecologicalresponsestochange,energytransfer,andfoodchainsandfoodwebs.

1.Thepurposeofstartingthearticlewiththeword-ending“ology”(Line1,Paragraph1)is（）.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,theecosystems（）.

3.Accordingtothearticle,theword“producers”(Line3,Paragraph2)refersto（）.

4.Wecaninferfromthearticlethatintheecosystemthejobforthe“decomposer”(Lines6,Paragraph2)isto（）.

5.Accordingtothearticle,（）hasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceoftheecosystems.

問題1選項

A.totracetheoriginof“ology”

B.togiveanexampleforthemeaningof“ology”

C.tointroducetheterm“ecology”

D.toillustratetheimportanceofbalancingtheecosystems

問題2選項

A.areindangerofbeingdestroyed

B.areverysmallinsize

C.referonlytotheentirebiosphere

D.varygreatlyinsizeandlocation

問題3選項

A.plants

B.animals

C.ecologists

D.consumers

問題4選項

A.absorbthesun’senergy

B.produceoxygenandnutrients

C.breakdownthedungandtheremainsofdeadorgan

D.eattheplantsandanimals

問題5選項

A.humanbeings

B.theenvironment

C.animalsandplants

D.nature

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，作者之所以用后綴“ology”開始文章，目的在于引出本文的主題：生態(tài)學(xué)。選項C正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ecosystemsarecommunitiesthatvaryinsizeandlocation.”生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是大小和位置不同的群體，選項D與原文表述一致。

3.詞義推斷題。結(jié)合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。選項A正確。

4.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“分解者，如細(xì)菌，進(jìn)入分解，有機(jī)物質(zhì)被土壤吸收，氣體被送回我們的大氣層?！边x項C動物的糞便和殘骸均屬于有機(jī)物，所以正確。

5.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“naturehasthreewaystocontrolthebalanceofecosystems...”可知選項D正確。

22.單選題

I'mafraidI（

）forgotherbirthday.

問題1選項

A.pure

B.right

C.sheer

D.clean

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項pure“純粹的”；B選項right“正確的”；C選項sheer“完全，徹底”；D選項clean“干凈的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘記她的生日了。選項C符合句意。

23.單選題

Astheleavesturnyellowandfall,youcanfeelthe（）ofwinter.

問題1選項

A.approach

B.effect

C.surrounding

D.specimen

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。approach“靠近”；effect“作用”；surrounding“周圍的事物”；specimen“樣本，標(biāo)本”。句意：當(dāng)樹葉變黃掉落，你可以感受到冬天的到來。選項A符合題意。

24.翻譯題

Itismoreimportanttopavethewayforchildren’sdesiretoknowthantoputthemonadietoffactstheyarenotreadytoassimilate.Evenifyoufeelyouhavelittleknowledgeofnatureatyourdisposal,thereisstillmuchyoucandoforyourchild.Whereveryouareandwhateveryourresources,youcanstilllookupatthesky—itsdawnandeveningbeautiesitsmovingclouds,itsstartbynight.Youcanlistentothewind,whetheritblowswithmajesticvoicethroughaforestorsingsamanyvoicedchorusaroundthecornersofyourapartmentbuilding,andinthelisteningyoucangainmagicalreleaseforyourthoughts.Youcanstillfeeltherainonyourfaceandthinkofislongjourneyfromseatoairtoearthandwonderatthemysteriesofnaturalselectionembodiedintheperfumeandflavorofafruit.Eveni