考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Peoplearecriticizingtheeconomicpoliciesthathave____thedeclineofmanufacturingindustry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessed

B.accepted

C.accessed

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assessed對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)估B.accepted接受；相信

C.accessed接近；進(jìn)入D.accelerated加速；促進(jìn)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：人們對(duì)……制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。根據(jù)邏輯，因?yàn)槭侨藗兣u(píng)的，所以應(yīng)該是人們認(rèn)為有些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策會(huì)不利于制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，可能會(huì)加速制造業(yè)的衰退，對(duì)于這些經(jīng)濟(jì)政策人們提出批評(píng)。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】人們對(duì)加速制造業(yè)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提出了批評(píng)。

2.單選題

Thehabitoftravellingbyairisbecomingmore________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prominent

B.prevalent

C.prudent

D.precious

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.prominent重要的，顯著的B.prevalent流行的，普遍存在的

C.prudent謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的D.precious寶貴的，珍貴的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處做表語來說明“Thehabitoftravellingbyair（乘飛機(jī)旅行的習(xí)慣）”正變得怎么樣。此處應(yīng)該是說大家都習(xí)慣于乘飛機(jī)旅行，這一現(xiàn)象變得越來越普遍。prevalent指在某一特定地點(diǎn)或時(shí)期普遍、常見的，因此B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的，普遍存在的”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)prominent“重要的，顯著的”指某人或某物非常著名或顯眼；

C選項(xiàng)prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的”指具有謹(jǐn)慎的良好判斷力；

D選項(xiàng)precious“寶貴的，珍貴的”指某物非常有價(jià)值，十分重要；

均不能和“habit（習(xí)慣）”進(jìn)行搭配。

【句意】乘飛機(jī)旅行的習(xí)慣變得越來越普遍了。

3.單選題

Someteenagersaresocrazyaboutvideogamesastoplaythemmanyhours（）,ifpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onpurpose

B.onhand

C.oncredit

D.onend

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”，B項(xiàng)onhand“在手邊，即將發(fā)生”，C項(xiàng)oncredit“賒賬”，D項(xiàng)onend“連續(xù)地，豎著”。空格前面提到“有些青少年對(duì)電子游戲如此著迷，以至于玩了好幾個(gè)小時(shí)”，由此可知空格部分表示“時(shí)間上持續(xù)地，連續(xù)地”。句意：一些青少年對(duì)電子游戲如此著迷，如果可能的話，他們會(huì)連續(xù)玩上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Inhis1976studyofslaveryintheUnitedStates,HerbertGutman,likeFogel，Engerman,andGenovese,hasrightlystressedtheslaves，achievements.Butunlikethesehistorians,Gutmangivesplantationownerslittlecreditfortheseachievements.Rather,GutmanarguesthatonemustlooktotheBlackfamilyandtheslaves’extendedkinshipsystemtounderstandhowcrucialachievements,suchasthemaintenanceofaculturalheritageandthedevelopmentofacommunalconsciousness,werepossible.Hisfindingscompelattention.

Gutmanrecreatesthefamilyandextendedkinshipstructuremainlythroughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata,derivedinthiscasemostlyfromplantationbirthregisters.Healsousesaccountsofex-slavestoprobethehumanrealitybehindhisstatistics.Thesesourcesindicatethatthetwo-parenthouseholdpredominatedinslavequartersjustasitdidamongfreedslavesafteremancipation.AlthoughGutmanadmitsthatforcedseparationbysalewasfrequent,heshowsthattheslaves’preference,revealedmostclearlyonplantationswheresalewasinfrequent,wasverymuchforstablemonogamy.InlessconclusivefashionFogel,Engerman,andGenovesehadalreadyindicatedthepredominanceoftwo-parenthouseholds;however,onlyGutmanemphasizesthepreferenceforstablemonogamyandpointsoutwhatstablemonogamymeantfortheslaves’culturalheritage.GutmanarguesconvincinglythatthestabilityoftheBlackfamilyencouragedthetransmissionof—andsowascrucialinsustaining—theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother,aheritagethatslaveswerecontinuallyfashioningoutoftheirAfricanandAmericanexperiences.

Gutman’sexaminationofotherfacetsofkinshipalsoproducesimportantfindings.Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.Thispreferenceforexogamy,Gutmansuggests,mayhavederivedfromWestAfricanrulesgoverningmarriage,which，thoughtheydifferedfromonetribalgrouptoanother,allinvolvedsomekindofprohibitionagainstunionswithclosekin.Thistabooagainstcousins’marryingisimportant,arguesGutman,becauseitisoneofmanyindicationsofastrongawarenessamongslavesofanextendedkinshipnetwork.Thefactthatdistantlyrelatedkinwouldcareforchildrenseparatedfromtheirfamiliesalsosuggeststhisawareness.Whenbloodrelationshipswerefew,asinnewlycreatedplantationsintheSouthwest,“fictive”kinshiparrangementstooktheirplaceuntilanewpatternofconsanguinitydeveloped.Gutmanpresentsconvincingevidencethatthisextendedkinshipstructure—whichhebelievesdevelopedbythemid-to-lateeighteenthcentury—providedthefoundationsforthestrongcommunalconsciousnessthatexistedamongslaves.

Insum,Gutman’sstudyissignificantbecauseitoffersacloselyreasonedandoriginalexplanationofsomeoftheslaves’achievements，onethatcorrectlyemphasizestheresourcesthatslavesthemselvespossessed.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingtheresourcesthathistoriansoughttousewouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheformationoftheBlackheritageoffolklore,music，andreligiousexpressionisbestsupportedbytheinformationpresentedinthepassage?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthemarriagepracticesofplantationownersduringtheperiodofBlackslaveintheUnitedStatescanmostlogicallybeinferredfromtheinformationinthepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassagebasedonitscontent?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Historiansoughttomakeuseofwrittenratherthanoralaccounts.

B.Historiansshouldrelyprimarilyonbirthregisters.

C.Historiansshouldrelyexclusivelyondatathatcanbequantified.

D.Historiansoughttomakeuseofdatathatcanbequantified.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theheritagewasformedprimarilyoutoftheexperiencesofthoseslaveswhoattemptedtopreservethestabilityoftheirfamilies.

B.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperienceofthoseslaveswhomarriedtheircousins.

C.TheheritagewasformedmoreoutoftheAfricanthanoutoftheAmericanexperiencesofslaves.

D.Theheritagewasnotformedoutoftheexperiencesofonlyasinglegenerationofslaves.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesepracticesbegantoaltersometimearoundthemid-eighteenthcentury.

B.Thesepracticesvariedmarkedlyfromoneregionofthecountrytoanother.

C.Plantationownersusuallybasedtheirchoiceofmarriagepartnersoneconomicconsiderations.

D.Plantationownersoftenmarriedtheircousins.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussedareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis，drawsonworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis.

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument.

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy，describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheinfluenceofHerbertGutmanonHistoriansofSlaveryintheUnitedStates.

B.Gutman’sExplanationofHowSlavesCouldMaintainaCulturalHeritageandDevelopaCommunalConsciousness.

C.SlaveryintheUnitedStates:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject.

D.TheBlackHeritageofFolklore,Music,andReligiousExpression:ItsGrowingInfluence.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句,“…throughaningenioususeofwhatanyhistorianshoulddrawupon,quantifiabledata…”，可知Gutman主要通過靈活使用任何歷史學(xué)家都應(yīng)該利用的可量化數(shù)據(jù)重現(xiàn)黑人家庭和擴(kuò)展的親屬結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句，“…theBlackheritageoffolklore,music,andreligiousexpressionfromonegenerationtoanother…”，可知黑人遺產(chǎn)代代相傳，如民俗、音樂和宗教，所以這些遺產(chǎn)不是由一代奴隸的經(jīng)歷形成的，是代代相傳的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句，“Gutmandiscoversthatcousinsrarelymarried,anexogamoustendencythatcontrastedsharplywiththeendogamypracticedbytheplantationowners.”，可知Gutman發(fā)現(xiàn)，表親之間很少通婚，這是一種異族通婚的傾向，與種植園主實(shí)行的同族通婚形成了鮮明的對(duì)比?？赏茢喑鲛r(nóng)場(chǎng)主是主張同族通婚的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段主要介紹了Gutman的主要觀點(diǎn)和發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二段和第三段詳細(xì)介紹了他在黑人家庭和擴(kuò)展以及親屬關(guān)系等各方面的研究方法和過程，最后一段作了總結(jié)，指出Gutman的研究是意義重大的，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)其中一些奴隸的成就提供了一個(gè)最嚴(yán)格的推理和原始的解釋。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文，本文主要提到了Gutman提出黑人家族和奴隸的長(zhǎng)期血統(tǒng)對(duì)維護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)和公共意識(shí)的發(fā)展帶來了成就和貢獻(xiàn)。所以本文的話題是黑人奴隸，并且總結(jié)表明，他的研究它對(duì)其中一些奴隸的成就提供了一個(gè)最嚴(yán)格的推理和原始的解釋。他的研究解釋了奴隸是如何保持文化遺產(chǎn)和發(fā)展集體意識(shí)的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.單選題

Hishumorousremark（

）thetensionatthemeeting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.released

B.replaced

C.relieved

D.retained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他幽默的言辭緩和了會(huì)議上的緊張氣氛。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。Release釋放,放出,發(fā)泄;replace代替,取代,更新;relieve緩和,解除,減輕;retain保持。由關(guān)鍵詞thetension(緊張局勢(shì))可知C符合句意。

6.單選題

Pumas,whicharelarge,cat-likeanimals,willnotattackhumanbeingsifthey______undisturbed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.leave

B.left

C.areleft

D.haveleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動(dòng)物，如果不受打擾，它是不會(huì)攻擊人類的。不受打擾是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞。其它三項(xiàng)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少數(shù)被挑選的女房東被該大學(xué)允許租房給學(xué)生。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A。

8.單選題

Stevensonfoundno（）tocarryontheworkofhisfather.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aptitude

B.reaction

C.arrangement

D.polarization

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

aptitude天資,自然傾向；reaction反應(yīng)；arrangement安排,打算；polarization兩極化。havenoarrangementtodo“沒有……的打算”,選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

9.單選題

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors7namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment（OECD.hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

1.Theauthormainlytalksabout（）inParagraph1.

2.TheOECDreport（）.

3.Onlinepublicationissignificantbecause（）

4.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting

B.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers

C.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication

D.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.criticizesgovernment-fundedresearch

B.upsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers

C.benefitsscientificresearchconsiderably

D.introducesaneffectivemeansofpublication

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers

B.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults

C.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch

D.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.coverthecostofitspublication.

B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

B.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

C.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

D.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段主要講述了期刊出版的過程，即收稿、審稿、出版或棄用、版權(quán)和引用收費(fèi)等步驟。C和D看似都符合。仔細(xì)閱讀全文可知，文章先講述了期刊出版以前是怎樣的，后來又是怎樣的，由Itusedtobesostraightforward.可知第一段主要講述的是過去期刊是出版的過程，C選項(xiàng)中“traditional”強(qiáng)調(diào)了過去。因此D項(xiàng)更符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第二段“Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.份報(bào)告是由澳大利亞維多利亞大學(xué)的約翰?霍頓和經(jīng)合組織的格雷厄姆?維克里共同撰寫的，對(duì)于那些迄今為止已經(jīng)獲得可觀利潤(rùn)的出版商來說，這份報(bào)告讀起來很沉重。”據(jù)此可知該報(bào)告讓盈利的出版商心情沉重。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)——以及來自資助機(jī)構(gòu)的壓力——正使獲取科學(xué)成果成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。資助機(jī)構(gòu)質(zhì)疑，為什么商業(yè)出版商通過限制對(duì)科研的訪問，從政府資助的研究中賺錢?？芍ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文成為可能，同時(shí)網(wǎng)上發(fā)表論文使人們更易獲得科學(xué)成果。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.有一種開放獲取的出版方式，通常要求作者（或其雇主）為發(fā)表的論文付費(fèi)?！睋?jù)此可知作者要為論文付費(fèi)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。整篇文章都是在以客觀的角度來介紹新的出版方式，并沒有表明作者觀點(diǎn)，故A項(xiàng)“作者歡迎新的出版方式”不對(duì)；B項(xiàng)“在線服務(wù)使出版變得更容易?！睆睦碚撋线@觀點(diǎn)是正確的，但是文中未提及，也不是本文主題。C項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)出版構(gòu)成威脅”文中沒提及。D項(xiàng)“一種新的出版方式正在出現(xiàn)”為本文主題，故D項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.

Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinfections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords,afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.

1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto_____.

2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinparagraph2.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an)_____.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage

B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns

C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory

D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.changesintheformsofwords.

B.changesinsentencestructures.

C.changesinspellingrules.

D.wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.

B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.

C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.

D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.historian

B.philosopher

C.anthropologist

D.linguist

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.

B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.

C.Ourchanginglanguage.

D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“...,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.”直到現(xiàn)在，人們才有一種強(qiáng)烈的趨勢(shì)，那就是重新研究和評(píng)價(jià)語言實(shí)踐中人們說話和寫作的方式。由此可知，現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)家根據(jù)人們說話和寫作的方式而不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者模式來評(píng)估語言實(shí)踐。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Andwhensomewordinflections...suchmattersasWHoorWHOmandMeorI.”可知“inflection”其意為“單詞變形”，選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段的一二三四句“Wroupbutofmany.”可知選項(xiàng)A，C，D正確。選項(xiàng)B其他語言對(duì)英語的重大影響在本文中并未提及。

4.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,由此推斷作者應(yīng)該為語言學(xué)家。

5.本文主要是講英語語言的變化與發(fā)展,并不是講述英語歷史，所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B和D只是文章的片段，不夠全面，所以本題選項(xiàng)C正確。

11.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata（）mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。manually“手動(dòng)地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休閑地，從容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活潑地”。句意：晚上他們?cè)诰频昱雒妫瑢?duì)這一天都很滿足，他們開心地一起吃了一頓（）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一會(huì)兒舞。由and后面的內(nèi)容“跳舞”可推知and前面的內(nèi)容的狀態(tài)也是比較悠閑，輕松的，故C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Hewasthekingoffarceandthemostinfluentialneoclassicalplaywright.Hischaracterswereusedto（）realpeople,andhewasinterestedinshowingtherealityofhumanweaknessasmuchaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.depict

B.ridicule

C.amuse

D.imitate

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。depict“描述”；ridicule“嘲笑”；amuse“娛樂”；imitate“模仿”。句意：他是喜劇之王，也是最具影響力的新古典主義劇作家。他的劇中人物都用來描述真正的人物，并且他對(duì)盡可能展現(xiàn)人性的弱點(diǎn)充滿興趣。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Hewantstofollowinhisfather’sfootstepstobeateacherbecauseheregardsteachingasanhonorable（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calling

B.task

C.employment

D.duty

【答案】B

【解析】句意：他想追隨他父親的腳步成為一名教師,因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為教學(xué)是一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)A和C表示職務(wù),教學(xué)不是職務(wù),所以不正確；選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

15.單選題

Theirfindingsareconsistentwithsomeoftheestablishedtheoriesonlongevity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.coherent

C.compact

D.competent

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。consistent表示“一致的”。A項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的，能共處的”，B項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的”，C項(xiàng)compact“緊湊的，堅(jiān)實(shí)的”，D項(xiàng)competent“勝任的，有能力的”；句意：他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與一些關(guān)于長(zhǎng)壽的既定理論相一致。根據(jù)句意該題選B。

16.單選題

Whiletyping,Kathyhadahabitofstopping（）ogiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.occasionally

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析。句意：在打字的時(shí)候，凱西停下來梳理一下她柔順的長(zhǎng)發(fā)的習(xí)慣。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；simultaneously同時(shí)地；eventually最終，最后；occasionally偶爾。因此，D項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.單選題

Weallleftthemeeting,beingconvincedthattheprojectwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fertile

B.inevitable

C.inherent

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們都離開了會(huì)場(chǎng)，并確信這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可行。

考查形容詞辨析。fertile肥沃的，富饒的，能生育的；inevitable必然的，不可避免的;inherent固有的，遺傳的;feasible可行的，可能的。因此D符合句意。

18.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor（

）theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldpresent

B.present

C.presents

D.oughttopresent

【答案】B

【解析】語法（虛擬語氣）題。suggestion做主語的句子，是虛擬語氣的用法，從句用should+動(dòng)詞原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Becauseofalltheattentionwearegivingtoour"bigideas",wemaystartto（）someoftheotherthingsinlifethatareimportant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.losetouchwith

B.getintouchwith

C.loseourtouchwith

D.keepintouchwith

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。losetouchwith“與失去聯(lián)系（或接觸）”；getintouchwith“與聯(lián)系”；keepintouchwith“與保持聯(lián)系”；沒有搭配loseourtouchwith，選項(xiàng)C排除。句意：由于我們所有的注意力都集中在我們的“大想法”上，所以我們開始很難接觸到生活中其他重要的事情。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

Therearetoomanycomplaintsaboutsocietyhavingtomovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thathaveto

B.haveto

C.havingto

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識(shí)。空格前是一個(gè)完整的therebe句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D兩個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞形式。如選擇A選項(xiàng)，無法確認(rèn)先行詞會(huì)造成語意混亂，因此排除A選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)的havingto是以現(xiàn)在分詞形式作為后置定語修飾前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨這個(gè)社會(huì)為了跟上機(jī)器而發(fā)展得太快。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

“Museum”isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.WhilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"Muses'shrine".

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredMuses’shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-1nselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKtmsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

（

）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

（

）.

4.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

5.Modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

6.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improveexistingcollections

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Collectionandcollectors

B.Theevolutionofmuseums

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。slippery意為狡猾的，