考研考博-英語-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽三聯(lián)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

______inflation,drivenbyrisingfoodandoilcosts,isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest,whoareforcedtospend60to80percentoftheirincomeonfood.

問題1選項

A.Sprouting

B.Surging

C.Spilling

D.Spinning

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項sprout“發(fā)芽，長芽”，B項surge“洶涌，起大浪，蜂擁而來”，C項spill“（使）溢出，流出，（東西）倒出”，D項spin“旋轉(zhuǎn)，紡紗，吐絲”。空格處填入的是一個現(xiàn)在分詞做inflation“通貨膨脹”的定語，根據(jù)后面的isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest“對世界上最貧窮的人打擊最大”可知，surging符合語境，表示“（物價等）激增的”。句意：食品和石油價格上漲導(dǎo)致的通貨膨脹對世界上最貧窮的人打擊最大，他們被迫將收入的60%到80%花在食品上。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

2.單選題

Hisphysicalandemotional（）toOxfordandtoMississippi,tothelandandtothepeoplethatshapedhim,wasatthecoreofhisbeing.

問題1選項

A.personality

B.character

C.fidelity

D.morality

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：全身心的（）是他的全部：無論是對牛津和密西西比，還是對那片土地和那些塑造他的人。personality個性；character性格；fidelity忠誠；morality道德。故選C。

3.問答題

TheUSadministrationhasswitchedhesitancyforpopulisminproposingsizeandactivitylimitsonAmerica'slargestbanks.Whiledetailsarestillmissing,possiblybecausenoonereallyknowshowtoimplementsizelimitsorcurbsonproprietarytrading,theintentisclear—bankersmustpay.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,whohavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.Yetoutrageisapoorguidetopublicpolicy.Beyondbeingpunitive,willtheadministration'sproposalshelpreducefinancialsystemrisk?

Considersizelimitfirst.Theideaistoensureinstitutionsarenolongertoobigtofail.Buthowtodefinesize?Whetheryouuseassets,capitalorprofitstherewillbeproblems—bankswilltrytoeconomizeonwhatevermeasureislimited.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes.Therearemanylegalwaystomasksize.Bankscanofferguaranteestoassetsplacedinoff-balancesheetvehicles,muchliketheconduitsoftherecentcrisis.If,instead,capitalisthemeasure,thenwewillbepushingbankstoeconomizeonitasmuchaspossible,hardlyarecipeforsafety.Andifitisprofits,wewillbeinvitinghealthybankstoparkprofitselsewhere,whilerewardingsicklyonesbyallowingthemtoexpandindefinitely.

Evenifwedosettleonadefinition,itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.BearStemswouldnotbe"large"bymostcalculations,thoughitwasconsideredconnectedenoughtobesaved.ButVanguard,themutualfundgroup,managesmorethan$l,000bninassetsandwouldprobablynotqualifyassystemic.Notalllargefinancialentitiesareequallytroubling;wouldweincludethemutualfundsoperatedbyabankinitssize?

Also,beingbighasitsvirtues.Somelargerbanksarebetteratdiversifyingandattractingmanagerialtalent(includingriskmanagers).Whileapoorlymanaged$2,000bnbankcreatesimmenseproblemsforthesystem,theproblemscouldbeevengreaterwith100banksof$20bninsize,eachofwhichhastakensimilarrisks.Whatisimportantisnotsizepersebuttheconcentrationandcorrectionofriskinthesystemaswellasthesizeofexposurerelativetocapital.

Insteadofimposingablanketbanoninstitutionsgrowingbeyondacertainsize,regulatorsshouldusemoresubtlemechanismssuchasprohibitingmergersoflargebanksorencouragingthebreak-upoflargebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble.Whiletherearealwaysconcernsaboutwhetherregulatorswillusethesesortsofpowersarbitrarily,theyarenomoredifficultforlegislatorsandcourtstooverseethanarepowersbasedonanti-competitiveconsiderations.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.HowdoesthepublicthinkofbigbanksintheUS?Why?

3.Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

4.WhatdoestheexampleofBearStemsshow?

5.Whatdoesthephrase"largebanksthatseemtohaveapropensityforgettingintotrouble"meaninthelastparagraph?

【答案】1.ImplementingsizelimitsonAmerica’slargestbanksisnotthepropersolutiontofinancialrisk.

2.Itishardtohavemuchsympathyforthebankers,becausetheyhavebroughtthepublic'sireonthemselvesthroughincompetenceandthenthroughanoutrageoushastetopaythemselves.

3.Itisnotclearthatbeinglargeisnecessaryorsufficientforanentitytobeasystemicrisk.

4.Crudeassetsizelimits,forexample,wouldprobablyensurealotoffinancialactivityishiddenfromtheregulator,onlytocomebacktolight(andtobalancesheets)attheworstoftimes,becausetherearemanylegalwaystomasksize.

5.Largebanksaremorelikelytogetintotroubleovertheirassetsmanagement.

4.單選題

FormanyyearstheJapanesehave（

）thecarmarket.

問題1選項

A.presided

B.occupied

C.operated

D.dominated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項presided“主持”；B選項occupied“占領(lǐng)”；C選項operated“運轉(zhuǎn)，操作”D選項dominated“控制，支配”。句意：長久以來，日本人（）汽車市場。結(jié)合選項，答案選D，日本人主導(dǎo)著汽車市場；B選項一般指的是戰(zhàn)爭上的占領(lǐng)，不符合提干語境，所以不選。

5.單選題

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

問題1選項

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。voluntarily“自動地”；selectively“有選擇地”；compulsorily“強制地；強迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大學(xué)學(xué)習生涯的某個階段，一些學(xué)生或______或被迫離開課堂。根據(jù)句意可知選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

問題1選項

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項drugged“用藥麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B選項drifted“漂流；移向”；C選項prescribed“給……開（藥）；規(guī)定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“給……開（藥）治療……”；D選項floated“漂浮”。句意：醫(yī)生給我做了x光胸透，還給我______了藥。根據(jù)語境，這里指醫(yī)生給我開藥，C選項prescribed“給……開（藥）”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich（

）nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項transcend“勝過，超越”；B選項traverse“穿過”；C選項abolish“廢除；取消”；D選項suppress“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓；廢止”。句意：優(yōu)秀的電影是那些能……國家和文化的障礙的電影。四個選項中能與“障礙”搭配的是A選項“transcend超越”。

8.單選題

Overthelast25years,Britishsocietyhaschangedagreatdealoratleastmanypartsofithave.Insomeways,however,verylittlehaschanged,particularlywherealtitudesareconcerned（1）.

Inthepast,theworking-classtendedtobepaidlessthanmiddleclasspeople,suchasteachersanddoctors.Asaresultofthisandalsoofthefactthatworkers'jobsweregenerallymuchlesssecure,distinctdifferencesinlife-stylesandattitudescameintoexistence.（2）,havinggivenhiswifeher“housekeeping”，wouldgooutandsquandertherestonbeerandbetting.

Thestereotypeofwhatamiddle-classmandidwithhismoneywasperhapsnearerthetruth.Hewasandstillis―inclinedtotakealonger-termview.Notonlydidheregardbuyingahouseasamostimportantthing,buthealsoconsideredtheeducationofhischildrenasextremelyimportant.Bothoftheseprovidedhimandhisfamilywithsecurity.Onlyinveryfewcasesdidworkershavetheopportunity(ortheeducationandtraining)tomakesuchlong-termplans.

Nowadays,agreatdealhaschanged.Inalargenumberofcasesfactoryworkersearnasmuch,ifnotmore,thantheirmiddle-classsupervisors.Socialsecurityandlawshavemadeitlessnecessarythanbeforetoworryabout"tomorrow".（3）.Infacttherehasbeenagrowingtendencyinthepastfewyearsforthemiddle-classestofeelslightlyashamedoftheirposition.

（4）.Theygenerallytendtoshareverysimilartastesinmusicandclothes,theyspendtheirmoneyinhavingagoodtime,andsaveforholidaysorlonger-termplanswhennecessary.Thereseemstobemuchlessdifferencethaninpreviousgenerations.（5）Aslongasthisgapexists,therewillalwaysbeapossibilitythatnewconflictsandjealousieswillemerge,orratherthattheoldconflictswillreappear,butbetweendifferentgroups.

問題1選項

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

問題2選項

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

問題3選項

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

問題4選項

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

問題5選項

A.Working-classpeopleseemslowlytobelosingthefeelingofinferioritytheyhadinthepast

B.Nevertheless,westillhaveawidegapbetweenthewell-paid(whateverthetypeofjobtheymayhave)andthelow-paid

C.Ideaaboutsocialclass—whetherapersonis"working-class"or"middle-class"—isoneareainwhichchangeshavebeenextremelyslow

D.Thechangesinbothlife-stylesandattitudesareprobablymosteasilyseenamongstyoungerpeople

E.Classdifferenceshavebeeneliminatedforcenturiesinalmostallsocietiesaroundtheworld

F.ThetypicalworkingmanwouldcollecthiswagesonFridayeveningandthen,itwaswidelybelieved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:F

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.前文含義“但是，在某些方面變化很小，特別是在某些高度上”可推斷此處應(yīng)是對“verylittlehaschanged”的舉例，C項含義為“關(guān)于社會階層的問題，即一個人是否為工人階級或中產(chǎn)階級，就是一個變化非常緩慢的領(lǐng)域”，符合題意，故選C。

2.前文含義為“在過去，工人階級的工資往往低于中產(chǎn)階級，如教師和醫(yī)生。基于這一點以及工人工作的不安全性，人們生活方式和態(tài)度出現(xiàn)了明顯的差異?！毕挛呐e例，空格后文的含義為“給一部分給妻子作為生活開支，剩下的出去喝酒和賭博”可知此處為工人階級的做法，選項F含義為“典型的工人階級男人們，在周五晚上領(lǐng)薪水，大部分人認為…”符合上下文，故選F。

3.前文含義為“如今變化很大，在大多數(shù)情況下，工廠工人的收入可以與他們的中產(chǎn)階級主管持平。社會保障和法律也使人們不再擔心“明天”?？崭窈笪牡暮x為“事實上，在過去的幾年里，中產(chǎn)階級對自己的地位感到羞愧的趨勢越來越明顯?！笨赏茢啻颂幙赡芘c“工人階級對自己過去的社會地位的感覺”相關(guān)，A項含義為“工人階級似乎在慢慢失去過去的那種自卑感”符合上下文，故選A。

4.空格后文的含義為“他們通常在音樂和衣服上有著相似的品味，為了玩得很開心他們愿意花錢，必要時還會為假期或長期計劃儲蓄。與前幾代相比，差異似乎要小得多?！贝颂幙赡転閷δ撤N變化的舉例。選項D的含義為“生活方式和態(tài)度的變化很可能很容易在年輕人中看到”符合上下文，故選D。

5.空格后文的含義為“只要這種差距存在，就永遠有可能出現(xiàn)新的沖突和猜忌，或者舊的沖突在不同的群體之間再次出現(xiàn)”可推斷空格處應(yīng)與某種差異相關(guān)，選項B的含義為“然而，在高薪（無論他們有什么樣的工作）和低薪者之間仍然有很大的差距”符合上下文，故選B。

9.單選題

Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.

問題1選項

A.smoke

B.smoking

C.tosmoke

D.smoked

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.smoke吸煙v.B.smoking吸煙v.-ing

C.tosmoke吸煙D.smoked吸煙v.-ed

【考查點】非謂語動詞。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，find后面要接一個分詞做賓語補足語，按照句意“如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房______，他將立即被解雇”可知，smoke和he的關(guān)系是主動，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，findsb.doing表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做……”，所以該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A項是動詞原形，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)；

C項不定式表示目的或者將來，與find不構(gòu)成搭配；

D項findsb.done表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人被……”，smoked與he的邏輯關(guān)系是被動，不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙，他將立即被解雇。

10.寫作題

Somepeoplebelievethatarangeoftechnologyavailablehasincreasedthegapbetweenrichpeopleandpoorpeople,butothersbelieveithasoppositeeffects.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

【答案】略

11.單選題

Shewasrich,（

）Iwasnot.

問題1選項

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句的用法。第二個句子省略了表語，由句意可知后半句表示“我不富裕”，空格處需要填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞。在which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中，有一個特殊用法：which除了指代主句中的某個名詞或整個主句的內(nèi)容外，還可以指代主句的中的某個名詞詞組、不定式、形容詞或形容詞短語等。因此本句中填入C選項which指代主句的rich。

12.單選題

Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitis

;thereaderswillhavedifficultyinunderstandingit.

問題1選項

A.comprehensive

B.alternative

C.confused

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Comprehensive“綜合的”；alternative“供選擇的”；confused“困惑的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：你需要重寫這個句子，因為它模糊不清，讀者理解起來會有困難。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenerally（1）itlooklikeadifferentkindofcrimethanfabricationandfalsification.（2），KennethD.Pimpleclaimsthatplagiarismisnotan

（3）

thatunderminestheknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.Rather,thecrimeisindeprivingotherscientistsoftherewardtheyare

（4）

forparticipatinginthisknowledge-buildingproject.

（5）

,Pimplesaysthatplagiarismisproblematicnotbecauseitisdishonest,butratherbecauseitisunfair.

WhileIthinkPimpleisrighttoidentifyanadditionalcomponentofresponsibleconductofscience

（6）

honesty,namely,acertainkindoffairnesstoone’s

（7）

scientists.Ialsothinkthisanalysisofplagiarismmissesanimportant

（8）

inwhichmisrepresentingthesourceofwords,ideas,methods,orresultscan

（9）

theknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.

Onthesurface,plagiarism,while

（10）

nastytothepersonwhosereportisbeingstolen,mightseemnottounderminethescientificcommunity’s

（11）

ofthephenomena.Wearestill,afterall,bringingtogetherand

（12）

anumberofdifferentobservationreportstodeterminethestablefeaturesofourexperienceofthephenomenon.

（13）

thiscomparisonofteninvolvesadialogueaswell.Aspartoftheknowledge-buildingproject,fromtheearliestplanningoftheirexperimentstowellafterresultsarepublished,scientistsare

（14）

inaskingandansweringquestionsaboutthedetailsoftheexperienceandoftheconditions

（15）

whichthephenomenonwasobserved.Misrepresentingsomeoneelse’shonestobservationreportasone’sownstripsthereportofaccurateinformationforsuchadialogue.

問題1選項

A.make

B.get

C.have

D.help

問題2選項

A.Therefore

B.Sofar

C.However

D.Forexample

問題3選項

A.excuse

B.ideology

C.object

D.offense

問題4選項

A.competing

B.attracted

C.due

D.craving

問題5選項

A.Ontheotherhand

B.Inotherwords

C.Byandby

D.Inthemeanwhile

問題6選項

A.besides

B.towards

C.except

D.for

問題7選項

A.fellow

B.rival

C.team

D.peer

問題8選項

A.chance

B.way

C.reason

D.base

問題9選項

A.stimulate

B.construct

C.undermine

D.assess

問題10選項

A.surprisingly

B.accordingly

C.potentially

D.necessarily

問題11選項

A.knowledge

B.discovery

C.creation

D.evaluation

問題12選項

A.presenting

B.comparing

C.submitting

D.producing

問題13選項

A.So

B.While

C.But

D.And

問題14選項

A.devoted

B.scheduled

C.committed

D.engaged

問題15選項

A.with

B.under

C.for

D.around

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

【解析】（1）考察動詞辨析。make使；get到達，獲得；have擁有；help幫助。句意：剽竊被廣泛認定為是對科研項目的犯罪，但對其為何有害的解釋使它看上去不同于偽造和篡改這兩種行為。選項A符合句意。

（2）考察邏輯連接詞。Therefore于是（表示結(jié)果）；Sofar到目前為止（表示時間）；However然而（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）；Forexample例如，比如（舉例說明）。句意：例如，KennethD.Pimple聲稱…選項D符合句意。

（3）考察名詞辨析。excuse借口；ideology思想意識；object物體，目標；offense冒犯行為。句意：KennethD.Pimple聲稱剽竊不是破壞科學(xué)知識建構(gòu)的一種冒犯行為。選項D符合句意。

（4）考察形容詞辨析。competing競爭的，抵觸的；attracted被吸引的；due應(yīng)得的，預(yù)期的；craving渴望的。句意：剽竊這種行為剝奪了其他科學(xué)家從事知識構(gòu)建應(yīng)得的獎勵。選項C符合句意。

（5）考察邏輯連接詞。Ontheotherhand另一方面；Inotherwords換一句話說；Byandby遲早；Inthemeanwhile與此同時。句意：換句話說，Pimple以為剽竊的問題不在于該行為不誠實，而是不公平。選項B符合句意。

（6）考察介詞辨析。besides除……之外還有；towards朝向……；except除了……以外（不包括后面所提到的內(nèi)容或事物）；for為了。句意：除了誠實這一組成要素外，我認為Pimple指出了負責任的科研行為的其他額外組成部分。選項A符合句意。

（7）考察名詞辨析。fellow同伴；rival對手；team團隊；peer同齡人。句意：負責任的科研行為的另一方面就是對科研同伴的公平。選項A符合句意。

（8）考察名詞辨析。chance機會;way方式，方法；reason原因；base基礎(chǔ)。句意：我還認為Pimple對剽竊的分析遺漏了很重要的一個方面。選項B符合句意。

（9）考察動詞辨析。stimulate激發(fā)；construct建造；undermine損害；assess評估。句意：對某些詞語、觀點、方法和結(jié)果的歪曲會損害科學(xué)知識的建構(gòu)。選項C符合句意。

（10）考察副詞辨析。surprisingly令人驚奇地；accordingly相應(yīng)地；potentially可能地，潛在地；necessarily有必要地。句意：對那些被剽竊者來說，剽竊行為可能會令其厭煩。選項C符合句意。

（11）考察名詞辨析。knowledge知識；discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；creation創(chuàng)造；evaluation評價。句意：但從表面看，剽竊行為似乎并沒有傷害到整個科研群體對這一現(xiàn)象的評價。選項D符合句意。

（12）考察動名詞辨析。presenting展示，顯示；comparing比較；submitting提交；producing生成。句意：我們?nèi)匀粫褞讉€不同的觀察報告放到一起比較來判斷我們所觀察到的一些現(xiàn)象的穩(wěn)定特征。選項B符合句意。

（13）考察邏輯連接詞。so因此；while然而；but但是；and并且。句意：……但是這種比較也涉及（研究者之間的）對話。選項C符合句意。

（14）考察動詞辨析。devoted“致力于”，常用于bedevotedtodoing結(jié)構(gòu)；scheduled安排，計劃；committed承諾；engaged從事。句意：從最初的實驗計劃到后來實驗結(jié)果的頒布，科學(xué)家們一直都在針對實驗的細節(jié)和觀察到現(xiàn)象時的條件狀況進行問答。選項D符合句意。

（15）考察介詞辨析。with和…；under在…之下；for為了…；around在…周圍。under…conditions為固定搭配；句意：……觀察到某種現(xiàn)象時的條件狀況。選項B符合句意。

14.單選題

Theirqualification（

）themtoahighsalary.

問題1選項

A.rewards

B.grants

C.entitles

D.awards

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他們的資格使他們有權(quán)享有高薪。

考查動詞辨析。四個選項分別是對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。Reward獎勵,獎賞;grant同意,準予,允許,一般用法為grantsb.sth.或grantsb.todosth.;entitle使享有權(quán)利,使符合資格,一般用法為entitlesb.tosth;award授予,判定,一般用法為awardsb.sth.或awardsth.tosb。由關(guān)鍵詞themtoahighsalary可知C項無論從語義還是從搭配上都符合題干要求。

15.單選題

Fertilizer,naturalsubstanceormixtureisusedto（）soilsoastopromoteplantgrowth.

問題1選項

A.enact

B.enlarge

C.enclose

D.enrich

【答案】D

【解析】句意:肥料、自然物質(zhì)或混合物被用來使土地肥沃,以促進植物生長。

考查動詞辨析。Enact通過(法律),扮演,擔任…角色;enlarge擴大,擴充,擴展;enclose圍繞,放入封套;enrich使充實,使肥沃,使富足。故D符合句意。

16.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

問題1選項

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問題2選項

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問題3選項

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問題4選項

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

問題5選項

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科學(xué)與文化其他方面的關(guān)系一直都很緊張,以及后面的舉例可知,20世紀,科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深了。confrontation對抗；dissatisfaction不滿；separation分歧,裂痕；contempt蔑視。選項A和選項C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辭用的是deepened,所以選項C更符合語境。

2.第二段指出,科學(xué)界如此之強大以至于可以對批評者置之不理——但現(xiàn)在不同了。由于科學(xué)經(jīng)費減少,科學(xué)家開始著書抨擊“反科學(xué)”傾向；第三段指出,科學(xué)的擁護者也在一些會議上表達了他們的擔憂。根據(jù)第一段提到的科學(xué)和人文之間的分歧加深,由此推斷第二段和第三段主要是舉例說明科學(xué)和人文的分歧。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,當然,這并不意味著,對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔憂的環(huán)保主義者也是反科學(xué)的,而去年5月份刊登在《美國新聞和世界報導(dǎo)》的一篇文章卻似乎暗示是這么回事。選項A一篇文章指責環(huán)境保護者為反科學(xué)者,正確；根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容,反科學(xué)的標簽也貼在了許多其他群體上,從提倡消滅最后殘存的天花病毒庫的官方人士到倡議削減基礎(chǔ)研究基金的共和黨人。這里面包含了政黨人,所以選項B表述錯誤。選項C在文中沒有提及。選項D給環(huán)境保護者貼上“反科學(xué)”的標簽是有道理的,錯誤。

4.根據(jù)第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科學(xué)對不同的人有不同的含義。格羅斯和萊維特主要挑那些質(zhì)疑科學(xué)客觀性的社會學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家和其他學(xué)者的毛病。選項C符合原文。

5.作者只是客觀地敘述了科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧,在文中沒有發(fā)表任何自己的看法或態(tài)度,所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的。選項A正確。impartial公平公正的；subjective主觀的；biased有偏見的；puzzling疑惑的。

17.單選題

TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving（）forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.

問題1選項

A.autonomy

B.dignity

C.monopoly

D.stability

【答案】A

【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊嚴,

高貴；monopoly壟斷；stability穩(wěn)定性。句意：撰寫美國國家憲法的人試圖建立一個高效的國家政府,

即能保證各個州的自治,

又能保證個人的自由。選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat______.

問題1選項

A.loss

B.stake

C.danger

D.threat

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項loss“損失”；B選項stake“（在公司、計劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”，atstake“得失都可能；有風險”；C選項danger“危險”；D選項threat“威脅，恐嚇；兇兆”。句意：農(nóng)民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因為他們面臨著更多______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是沒有下雨的話，農(nóng)民比城市里的人面臨更多不確定因素，結(jié)合短語atstake“得失都可能；有風險”，B選項stake“（在公司、計劃等中的）重大利害關(guān)系”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

19.不定項選擇題

Hamletfisharecautiouslovers.Eacheveningattwilight,manytimesaneveninginfact,apairofthemwillleavethesafetyoftheirCaribbeanreefandrushafewyardsofftheseafloor.Positioningthemselvesside-to-side,head-to-tailtheyhurriedlyreleasetheireggsandsperm.Thentheyturnsharplyforhome,leavestheirgametestomixinsilence.IchthyologistPhillipLobelofthewoodsHoleOceanographicinstitutionhasfoundthathamletfishandmanyotherfishemit“criesofecstasy”attheappropriatemoment.

Biologistshavelongknownthatafewfishmakesounds.Thetoadfish,forexample,isnamedforitslowcall,whichcanbeheardevenabovewater.Underwater,however,humanearsdon’tworkwell.Asaresultresearchersdidn’tnoticehowcommonfishcallswereuntilLobelstarteddivingwithavideocameraandanunderwatermicrophonelikethekindtheNavyusestolistenforsubmarines.

Lobelhaslearnedthatthefishplayingtheroleofthemale-hamletfishswitchesrolesfromonetrysttothenext-emitsaseriesofshort,lowsounds.Thefemalerespondswithadownward,sweepingsoundlikeaslidewhistle.Thepurposetothesecalls,saysLobel,isprobablytosynchronizespawning,sothatspermandegghaveafightingchanceofactuallymeetinginthewater.

Then,atthemomentofspawning,thefemalefluttersherpectoralfins,contractsherabdominalmusclestosqueezeouttheeggs,andletsoutasoftcry,whichinpartmaysimplybethesoundofherswimbladdervibratingfromallthatmusclecontraction.“Thesoundisnotascream,it’sonlyasloudasconversation,”saysLobel.

Lobelhassincerecordedsoundsfromabouttwodozenotherfishspecies.Hethinksfishcalls,likesomebirdcalls,maybeameansbywhichfishrecognizesuitablemates,andthatfishofthesamespeciesmayevencommunicateinregionaldialects.“Lotsofpeoplesitandwatchtheirlittlefishintheiraquarium,”Lobelsays,“Well,it’slikelookingatabirdcagebehindsound-proofglass.Thesethingsareallmakingsounds.”

1.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfishcallsaccordingtothispassage?

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“theappropriatemoment”forfishtoemitcriesofecstasymentionedinthefirstparagraph?

4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectinferencefromthepassage?

5.Theauthormentionedbirdcallsinthelastparagraphinorder（）.

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionthatfishdon’tmakesounds

B.proveanewdiscovery

C.explainthetimewhenhamletfishmakesounds

D.demonstratethefactthatfishareromanticashumanbeings

問題2選項

A.Fishcallsarecommonlyregardedasrare.

B.Someofsoundsproducedbyfisharenotutteredfromtheirmouths.

C.Fishcallsmaybeameansb