考研考博-英語-安徽科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theeconomicdepressioninthelate-nineteenth-centuryUnitedStates(31)significantlytoagrowingmovementinliteraturetowardrealismandnaturalism.Afterthe1870’s,anumberofimportantauthorsbegantorejecttheromanticismthathad(32)immediatelyfollowingtheCivilWarof1861-1865andturned(33)torealism.(34)toportraylifeasitwas,with(35)toreallifeandaccuraterepresentationwithoutidealization,theystudiedlocaldialects,wrotestorieswhichfocusedonlifeinspecificregionsofthecountry,andemphasizedthe“true”relationshipsbetweenpeople.Indoingso,theyreflectedbroadertrendsinthesociety,(36)industrialization,evolutionarytheorywhichemphasizedtheeffectoftheenvironmentonhumans,andtheinfluenceofscience.

RealistssuchasJoelChandlerHarrisandEllenGlasgowdepictedlifeintheSouth,HamlinGarlanddescribedlifeontheGreatPlains,andSarahOrneJewettwroteabouteverydaylifeinruralNewEngland.Anotherrealist,BretHarte,achievedfame(37)storiesthatportrayedlocallifeintheCaliforniaminingcamps.

SamuelClemens,who(38)thepennameMarkTwain,becamethecountry’smostoutstandingrealistauthor,observinglifearoundhimwithahumorousandskepticaleye.Inhisstoriesandnovels,Twaindrewonhisownexperiencesanduseddialectandcommonspeechinsteadof(39)language,touching(40)amajorchangeinAmericanprosestyle.

Otherwritersbecameimpatientevenwithrealism.Pushingevolutionarytheorytoitslimits,theywroteofaworldinwhichacruelandmercilessenvironmentdeterminedhumanfate.Thesewriters,callednaturalists,oftenfocusedoneconomichardship,studyingpeoplestrugglingwithpoverty,andotheraspectsof(41)andindustriallife.Naturalistsbroughttotheirwritingapassionfordirectandhonestexperience.

TheodoreDreiser,theforemostnaturalistwriter,innovelssuchasSisterCarrie,(42)portrayedadarkworldinwhichhumanbeingswere(43)byforces(44)theirunderstandingorcontrol.Dreiserthoughtthatwritersshouldtellthetruthabouthumanaffairs,not(45)romance,andSisterCarrie,hesaid,was“notintendedasapieceofliterarycraftsmanship,butwasapictureofconditions.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dedicated

B.contributed

C.fabricated

D.deliberated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.debauched

B.weakened

C.enfeebled

D.prevailed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.against

B.instead

C.over

D.forward

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Determined

B.Determine

C.Determining

D.Todetermine

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.deception

B.fantasy

C.realization

D.fidelity

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.withregardto

B.intermsof

C.suchas

D.regardlessof

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.on

C.by

D.about

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.created

B.innovated

C.adopted

D.renewed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.literal

B.literate

C.literary

D.literature

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.off

C.on

D.with

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.suburban

B.urban

C.local

D.modern

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.grimly

B.fervidly

C.frigidly

D.frenziedly

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.tossedabout

B.helddown

C.endedup

D.builtup

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.between

B.within

C.beyond

D.off

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.fabricate

B.develop

C.converge

D.replenish

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】31.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)dedicate“致力，獻(xiàn)身”，dedicateto表示“獻(xiàn)身，把（時(shí)間、精力等）用于”；B項(xiàng)contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力”，contributeto表示“有助于，促成”；C項(xiàng)fabricate“制造，偽造”，D項(xiàng)deliberate“仔細(xì)考慮，商議”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處填入的詞和to搭配，C、D項(xiàng)可排除。由主語economicdepression（經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條）和賓語growingmovement（蓬勃發(fā)展的活動(dòng)）可知，填入“促進(jìn)”符合語境。句意：19世紀(jì)后期美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條顯著地促進(jìn)了文學(xué)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和自然主義發(fā)展的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

32.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)debauch“使墮落，使頹廢”，B項(xiàng)weaken“減少，使變?nèi)酢?，C項(xiàng)enfeeble“使衰弱，使無力”，D項(xiàng)prevail“盛行，流行，戰(zhàn)勝”。根據(jù)前半句句子意思“19世紀(jì)70年代以后，一些重要的作家開始拒絕……浪漫主義”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中填入D項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

33.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)against“反對，違反”，B項(xiàng)instead“代替，反而”，C項(xiàng)over“倒下，翻轉(zhuǎn)，關(guān)于”，D項(xiàng)forward“向前地，按順序地”。前面提到“一些重要的作家開始拒絕1861-1865年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后盛行的浪漫主義”，所以后面的turned______torealism應(yīng)該是指“反而轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義”。句意：19世紀(jì)70年代以后，一些重要的作家開始拒絕1861-1865年內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后盛行的浪漫主義，轉(zhuǎn)而轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。從句子可知，句子不缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，所以空格處只能填入一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞，B選項(xiàng)先排除；從句意可知，此處表示原因，D項(xiàng)不定式表目的也排除。這里是表示主語的一個(gè)狀態(tài)，即“他們決定描繪真實(shí)的生活”，而determining強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作，和主語謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以determined更好。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

35.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)deception“欺騙，欺詐”，B項(xiàng)fantasy“幻想，白日夢”，C項(xiàng)realization“實(shí)現(xiàn)，領(lǐng)悟”，D項(xiàng)fidelity“忠誠，精確，盡責(zé)”。根據(jù)該部分的意思“……真實(shí)的生活，準(zhǔn)確的表現(xiàn)，而不是理想化”可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入“忠于”，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：他們決心描繪真實(shí)的生活，忠實(shí)于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，準(zhǔn)確地表現(xiàn)，而不是理想化；他們研究當(dāng)?shù)胤窖?，寫故事，關(guān)注特定地區(qū)的生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與人之間的真實(shí)關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

36.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)withregardto“關(guān)于，至于”，B項(xiàng)intermsof“依據(jù)，按照”，C項(xiàng)suchas“比如，諸如”，D項(xiàng)regardlessof“不顧，不管”。根據(jù)句意“在這樣做的過程中，他們反映了更廣泛的社會(huì)趨勢，……工業(yè)化以及科學(xué)的影響”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中填入suchas符合句意。句意：在這樣做的過程中，他們反映了更廣泛的社會(huì)趨勢，如工業(yè)化、強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境對人類影響的進(jìn)化理論，以及科學(xué)的影響。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

37.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)with“具有，和，使用”，B項(xiàng)on“在……上”，C項(xiàng)by“通過”，D項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于，目的是，針對”。根據(jù)句子可知，這里是指“另一位現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者通過故事成名”，所以B、D選項(xiàng)先排除。“by+某物”通常表示“某物”才是行為的主體，“with+某物”通常表示“人”才是行為的主體，此處的行為主體是人，所以填入with正確。句意：另一位現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者布雷特哈特因描寫加州采礦營地的當(dāng)?shù)厣疃擅Ｒ虼?，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

38.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)create“創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作”，B項(xiàng)innovate“創(chuàng)新，改革”，C項(xiàng)adopt“采取，接受，收養(yǎng)”，D項(xiàng)renew“使更新，續(xù)借”。根據(jù)penname（筆名）可知，adopt正確。句意：塞繆爾克萊門斯以馬克吐溫為筆名，成為美國最杰出的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家，用幽默和懷疑的眼光觀察周圍的生活。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

39.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)literal“文字的，逐字的”，B項(xiàng)literate“受過教育的，精通文學(xué)的”，C項(xiàng)literary“文學(xué)的，書面的”，D項(xiàng)literature“文學(xué)，文獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處要填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾language，D項(xiàng)排除。前面提到dialectandcommonspeech（方言和共同語），結(jié)合insteadof（而不是）對比可知，空格部分表示“文學(xué)語言”符合。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

40.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)about“關(guān)于，目的是，針對”，B項(xiàng)off“不在，遠(yuǎn)離”，touchoff表示“觸發(fā)，勾劃出，草草寫”；C項(xiàng)on“在……上”，touchon表示“提及，談及”；D項(xiàng)with“具有，和，使用”，touchwith表示“用……觸摸，接觸”。根據(jù)空格后的信息amajorchangeinAmericanprosestyle（美國散文風(fēng)格的重大變化）可知，“引起、導(dǎo)致”符合語境，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：馬克?吐溫利用自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，使用方言和普通語言，而不是文學(xué)語言，引發(fā)了美國散文風(fēng)格的重大變化。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

41.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析和上下文理解。A項(xiàng)suburban“郊區(qū)的，城郊的”，B項(xiàng)urban“城市的，住在都市的”，C項(xiàng)local“當(dāng)?shù)氐?，地方性的”，D項(xiàng)modern“現(xiàn)代的，近代的”。這一段講述的是對現(xiàn)實(shí)主義失去耐心的作家所描繪的世界，所以和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家所描繪的世界是不同的，上文提到現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家描繪的是“南方生活、大平原生活、鄉(xiāng)村生活以及當(dāng)?shù)厣畹取?，所以A、C項(xiàng)在該段不太可能提及，先排除；而D項(xiàng)范圍太大，所以只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：這些作家被稱為自然主義者，他們經(jīng)常關(guān)注經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，研究在貧困中掙扎的人們，以及城市和工業(yè)生活的其他方面。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)grimly“可怕地，冷酷地”，B項(xiàng)fervidly“激情地，熱情地”，C項(xiàng)frigidly“冷淡地，呆板地”，D項(xiàng)frenziedly“極其激動(dòng)地，狂亂地”。根據(jù)句意“最重要的自然主義作家西奧多德萊塞在《嘉莉妹妹》等小說中……描繪了一個(gè)黑暗的世界”可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)比較符合語境。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

43.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)tossabout“翻來覆去，折騰”，B項(xiàng)holddown“抑制，壓制”，C項(xiàng)endup“結(jié)束，死亡”，D項(xiàng)buildup“增進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)”。根據(jù)humanbeingswere______byforces（人類被力量……）可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)能符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

44.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】考查介詞辨析。A項(xiàng)between“（空間、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等）在……之間”，B項(xiàng)within“在……之內(nèi)”，C項(xiàng)beyond“在（或向）……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超過，越過”，D項(xiàng)off“遠(yuǎn)離”。由后面的understandingorcontrol可知，空格處填入beyond符合。句意：著名的自然主義作家西奧多德萊塞在《嘉莉妹妹》等小說中，冷酷地描繪了一個(gè)黑暗的世界，在這個(gè)世界里，人類被他們無法理解或控制的力量所搖動(dòng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

45.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)fabricate“制造，偽造”，B項(xiàng)develop“開發(fā)，進(jìn)步”，C項(xiàng)converge“使匯聚”，D項(xiàng)replenish“補(bǔ)充，再裝滿”。由前面的truth對比可知，空格處填入fabricate表示“編造”符合語境。句意：德萊塞認(rèn)為，作家應(yīng)該講述人性的真實(shí)，而不是編造愛情故事；他說《嘉莉妹妹》不是一種文學(xué)技藝，而是一幅現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況的圖畫。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

TheMinistryofEducationonSundayissuedastatementoncollegeenrollmentin2015,whichconsistsof26bansoninappropriate（）includingprescribingthemaletofemaleratioatauniversityadmissionwithoutapproval.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stress

B.arrangement

C.conduct

D.recruitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)stress表示“壓力，強(qiáng)調(diào)，重要性”，B選項(xiàng)arrangement表示“布置，整理，準(zhǔn)備，安排”，C選項(xiàng)conduct表示“行為舉止；管理（方式），實(shí)施（辦法）；引導(dǎo)”，D選項(xiàng)recruitment表示“招收，招聘；（自然種群）增長；募集（反應(yīng)、現(xiàn)象）”。后文中關(guān)鍵信息“includingprescribingthemaletofemaleratioatauniversityadmissionwithoutapproval”是對空缺處名詞的解釋，表示“包括未經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)在大學(xué)入學(xué)時(shí)規(guī)定男女比例”。由此可知，這些禁令是有關(guān)不當(dāng)招生的，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

The（）cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。incompatible不相容的，矛盾的；exceeding超越;instantaneous瞬間的，即刻的；eternal永恒的，不朽的。句意：（）生死輪回是一個(gè)科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的課題。D選項(xiàng)eternal符合句意。

4.單選題

Kneadthedoughuntilitissmoothand（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flexible

B.loose

C.elastic

D.resourceful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flexible“靈活的；柔韌的；易彎曲的”；B選項(xiàng)loose“寬松的；散漫的；不牢固的”；C選項(xiàng)elastic“（物理上的）有彈性的；靈活的；易伸縮的”；D選項(xiàng)resourceful“資源豐富的；足智多謀的；機(jī)智的”。句意：把面團(tuán)揉得光滑又……。面要筋道就得有彈性，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Whentherearenotenoughvolunteersforthearmedforces,thegovernment（）additionalmen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revises

B.suspends

C.conscripts

D.encourages

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revise“修訂,校訂”;suspend“延緩,推遲”;conscript“征召,招兵”;encourage“鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)”。句意:當(dāng)沒有足夠的志愿者入伍時(shí),政府就會(huì)征兵。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.單選題

Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circle

B.rank

C.category

D.grade

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.circle圓圈B.rank（尤指較高的）地位，級別

C.category（人或事物的）類別，種類D.grade等級，品級

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞soldier和top可知，此處是指最高軍銜的軍人，而rank指人在社會(huì)中的地位或等級，尤指軍隊(duì)中的軍銜，符合句意，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A、C項(xiàng)不符合句意；

D項(xiàng)是指按照地位或優(yōu)劣劃分的等級，是比較寬泛的等級，放在句中不恰當(dāng)。

【句意】他的脾氣和個(gè)性表明他能成為一名有最高軍銜的軍人。

7.單選題

Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes.Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing.Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced.Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper.Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes.Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics.

Ifadesignated(target)memoryconsistsofacollectionofattributes,itsrecallorretrievalshouldbeenhancedbyanycuethatindicatesoneoftheattributes.Forexample,onfailingtorecallthetermhorse(includedinalisttheyhavejustseen),peoplemaybeaskedifanassociatedterm(say,barnorzebra)helpsthemrecalltheword.Whilesomeadditionalrecallhasbeenobservedwiththiskindofhelp,failuresarecommonevenwithostensiblyrelevantcues.Thoughitispossiblethatthecuesfrequentlyareappropriate,nevertheless,ifwordswerenotlearned(encodedorstored)withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective.

1.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatallencodedwordsare（

）.

3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionasacauseforforgetting?

5.Whichisnotmentionedasatendencyamongpeoplewhoencountertip-of-the-tongueexperience?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wordsthatareonlyheardareeasilyforgotten

B.Thebrainalwaysremembersthemomentwordsarefirstlearned

C.Auditorycuesaremorehelpfulthanspatialcues

D.Uncommonwordsarenormallyrememberedwithvisualcues

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.rememberedwithouthelp

B.learnedwithoutcues

C.storedwithattributes

D.forgottenifnotused

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howapersonrememberswords

B.Theoriginoftheexpression‘"tip-of-the-tongue”

C.Howapersonusesnewwords

D.Howcuesareusedtopronouncewords

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theneedformoreprecisespatialinformation

B.Thecreationofostensiblyrelevantcues

C.Thelearningofwordswithoutcorrespondingattributes

D.Theuseofinappropriateauditorycues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Knowingthenumberofsyllablesinaword

B.Rememberingwherewordswereseen

C.Knowingthefirstletteroftheword

D.Recognizingthewordwhenheard

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。A:聽到的言語信息很容易被忘記,第一段指出:Forexample,memoriesinwhichauditoryattributesseemdominanttendtobemorerapidlyforgottenthanthosewithminimalacousticcharacteristics(相比聽覺屬性占最少優(yōu)勢的那些記憶，聽覺屬性占優(yōu)勢的記憶傾向于更快速地被忘記),故A項(xiàng)與原文不符。B:人的大腦一直記憶單詞被首先知曉的瞬間,第一段指出:Thereisevidencethatthemindmayencodedataaboutwheninformationwaslearnedandabouthowoftenithasbeenexperienced(有證據(jù)表明人的大腦可能編碼有關(guān)信息何時(shí)被知曉和多久一次被經(jīng)歷的數(shù)據(jù)),故B正確。C:聽覺線索比空間線索更有幫助,D:不常見的單詞一般通過視覺線索被記憶,文章并未提及。

2.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Thecommonexperienceofhavinganameorwordonthetipofthetongueseemsrelatedtospecificperceptualattributes(差點(diǎn)想起一個(gè)名字或言詞的常見經(jīng)歷似乎和特定的感知屬性相關(guān)),Researchindicatesthattherateofforgettingvariesfordifferentattributes(研究表明，遺忘的頻率根據(jù)屬性的不同而變化),由此可知C項(xiàng)“被帶著屬性地儲存”正確。

3.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了“人怎樣記憶言詞”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:ifwordswerenotlearned（encodedorstored）withaccompanyingattributes,cuingofanykindsshouldbeineffective(如果言詞沒有在帶著伴隨的屬性情況下被知曉（被編碼或儲存），那么任何種類的線索提示應(yīng)該是無效的),由此可知C“沒有對應(yīng)屬性的學(xué)習(xí)言詞”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:知曉言詞的音節(jié)數(shù),C:知曉言詞的第一個(gè)字母,第一段指出:Inparticular,peoplewhoreportthetip-of-the-tonguefeelingtendtoidentifytheword'sfirstletterandnumberofsyllableswithanaccuracythatfarexceedsmereguessing(特別地,說自己有差點(diǎn)想起感覺的人傾向于以遠(yuǎn)超單純猜測的準(zhǔn)確性去辨認(rèn)出言詞的第一個(gè)字母和其音節(jié)數(shù)),因此A,B在文中被提及。B:記憶言詞在哪里被看見,第一段指出:Somememoriesseemtoembracespatialinformation;e.g.,oneremembersaparticularnewsitemtobeonthelowerright-handsideofthefrontpageofanewspaper(—些記憶貌似包含空間信息，如一個(gè)人記得一個(gè)特定的新聞內(nèi)容位于報(bào)紙頭版右手邊較低位置),由此可知B項(xiàng)被提及。故選D“識別聽見的言詞”。

8.單選題

Whilethereislittlesystematicworkrelatingforeignlanguagelearningstrategiestosuccess,thereareanumberofobservationswhichcanbemadeaboutindividualswhoaregoodlanguagelearners.

IhavebeenabletoisolatesomeoftheindividualsbyobservingstudentsinclassroomsinCaliforniaandHawaii,byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners,byelicitingobservationsfromsomesecondlanguageteachers.AsIhavebeguntoobserveclasses,whatfascinatesmeishowoftentheteacherplowsaheadwiththelessonseeminglywithlittleawarenessofwhatisgoingonineachstudent,andoftenwithoutdirectingtheattentionofthepoorerstudentstohowthesuccessfulstudentarrivedathisanswer.Thatis,manyforeignlanguageteachersareconcernedwithfindingthebestmethodorwithgettingthecorrectanswer,yettheteachersfailtoattendtothelearningprocess.Iftheyattendedtoitmore,theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needsandmightbeabletoprovidetheirstudentswithtechniquesthatwouldenablethemtolearnontheirown.Indeed,nocoursecouldeverteachallweneedtoknowaboutalanguage,andthestudentsmustfindthemeanstohelpthemselves,whentheteacherisnotaround.

Thetaskofobservingthesestrategiesisacomplicatedonebecausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.However,whenourattentionisfocusedonobservingthesestrategies,Ithinkwemayfinditeasiertoisolatesomeofthem.Justrecently,Idiscoveredthatbyusingvideotapeswehopetohelplearnersandteachersseewhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Wehopetobeable,aswell,toabstractthelearnerstrategiesbyinterviewingthelearnerabouthisbehaviorduringaparticularclassroomwhichshowingthematapeoftheirownbehavior.

Inspiteofthefactthatweareonlybeginningtoisolatethesestrategies,Ithinkthatitisusefultolistsomeoftheonesfoundthusfar.TheyremaingeneralbutgiveanideaofthekindofstrategiesIthinkweoughttobelookingfor.

1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Theauthorformedsomeideasaboutthefeaturesofgoodforeignlanguagelearningbygettinginformationfrom（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatthemostimportanttaskofagoodlanguageteacheris

（

）.

4.“Theymightbeabletotailortheirinputtotheirstudents'needs”means

（

）.

5.Observinglanguagelearningstrategiesisverycomplicatedbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheSuccessfulLanguageLearner

B.RelationshipbetweenTeachingandLearning

C.LanguageLearningStrategies

D.ObservationsofLanguageClasses

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.languageclassrooms

B.talkswithstudents

C.lecturesonthistopic

D.foreignteachers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.toteachstudentslearningstrategies

B.tousethetextbookskillfullyandflexibly

C.tolookforasuitableteachingmethodfortheclass

D.tohelpstudentsdeveloptheirownleaningmethods

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldprovidetechniquestofindoutthestudents'needs

B.theycouldadjusttheirteachingtotheneedsofindividualstudents

C.theycouldcutoutredundantmaterialstomeettheirstudents'needs

D.theycouldrevisethetextbooktosuittheneedsoftheirstudents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.eitherthelearnerortheteacherwillfinditdifficulttospecifywhatexactlytheyare

B.neitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletodescribethemprecisely

C.theyarerelatedtotheprocessesoflearningwhicheventheteachercannotstateprecisely

D.theyinvolvetheleaningprocesswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletoisolate

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“strategies”,所以本文主要講的是語言學(xué)習(xí)策略。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“...byobservingmyselfandtalkingtoothergoodlanguagelearners...”……通過觀察自己和與其他優(yōu)秀的語言學(xué)習(xí)者交談……選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)二三句，許多外語老師關(guān)心的是找到最好的方法或得到正確的答案，然而老師沒有注意到學(xué)習(xí)的過程。如果更多地關(guān)注過程，他們可以調(diào)整教學(xué)方法來滿足學(xué)生的需求，并且能夠向?qū)W生提供使他們能夠自學(xué)的方法。也就是說，幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上一題可知，原文表達(dá)的意思是：他們可以調(diào)整教學(xué)方法來滿足學(xué)生的需求。也就是說，他們可以根據(jù)個(gè)別學(xué)生的需要調(diào)整教學(xué)，選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致，所以正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“...becausethestrategiesnecessarilyinvolvecognitiveprocesseswhichneitherthelearnernortheteachermaybeabletospecify.”觀察這些策略的任務(wù)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，因?yàn)檫@些策略必然涉及認(rèn)知過程，而學(xué)習(xí)者和教師都無法具體說明這些過程。either...or...指“不是……就是……”，neither...nor...指的是二者都不，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

9.單選題

Peopleofdiversebackgroundsnowflytodistantplacesforpleasure,businessoreducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.different

B.distinctive

C.divorced

D.separate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。句意：……背景的人們現(xiàn)在飛到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方去度假、經(jīng)商或接受教育。A選項(xiàng)different“不同的”；B選項(xiàng)distinctive“獨(dú)特的，與眾不同的”；C選項(xiàng)divorced“分離的”；D選項(xiàng)separate“分開的，單獨(dú)的”。這里應(yīng)該指的是背景不同，diverse意為“不同的”，選項(xiàng)A與之意思相近。

10.單選題

Animportantconsequencearisesbecausethesocialsecurityprogramispurelypay-as-you-gofinanced,（

）mostpensionplans,atleastintheprivatesector,arefullyfunded.Thus,greatercontracting-outimpliesgreaterprefundingofpensioncommitments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whereas

B.because

C.sothat

D.therefore

【答案】A

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。空格前句意：社會(huì)保障項(xiàng)目是量入為出提供資金的?？崭窈缶湟猓捍蠖鄶?shù)養(yǎng)老計(jì)劃是全額提供資金。兩句間形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A選項(xiàng)whereas表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Letusgetoutquickly.Itisnogood____time.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.waste

B.towaste

C.wasting

D.tohavewasted

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.waste浪費(fèi)B.towaste浪費(fèi)

C.wasting浪費(fèi)D.tohavewasted浪費(fèi)

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配

【解題思路】本題考查的是固定句型：It/Thereisnogooddoingsth.=Itdoesnogoodtodosth.“做什么是沒用的?！币虼耍珻選項(xiàng)wasting“浪費(fèi)”，符合要求。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)不符合句型搭配。

【句意】我們趕快出去。浪費(fèi)時(shí)間是沒用的。

12.單選題

Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe‘‘how’’,thequestionof“forwhom”isputasideonceagain.

Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.

Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As“futures”aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.

CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.Europe,orJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit-creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.

Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransitionalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.

1.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestof（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactdevelopingcountries?

4.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay

（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecommunicationsrevolutionis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therichcountries

B.scientificdevelopment

C.theelite

D.theworldeconomy

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpanded

B.theinternationalofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsideration

C.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreased

D.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.

B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries

C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.

D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.positive

B.ritical

C.indifferent

D.tolerant

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，高科技的發(fā)展意味著富裕國家的利益不斷增加，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

第2題:推理判斷題。文章第一段提到對于那些看得見未來的人來說，計(jì)算機(jī)、電視和電話將永遠(yuǎn)改變我們的生活；但是卻很少有人關(guān)注這些科技的發(fā)展對窮人的影響（forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor），由此可知貧困國家的利益并沒有得到重視，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第二段最后一句提到“信息科技使得電子經(jīng)濟(jì)成為可能，這將讓富裕國家加強(qiáng)對全球市場的控制，而對貧困國家則是毀滅性的影響”（Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarket―withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots），由此可知，由于電子經(jīng)濟(jì)會(huì)使得全球市場掌控在富裕國家手中，因而貧窮國家的利益將會(huì)受到損害，選項(xiàng)A符題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第三段主要講述了通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的影響。文章提到發(fā)展中國家對自己命運(yùn)的掌控越來越少，為了重新獲得控制權(quán)，它們會(huì)考慮通信現(xiàn)代化（“developmentcommunications”modernization），但是這樣做的后果是會(huì)導(dǎo)致長期依賴和對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)永久地制約（Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies），由此可知選項(xiàng)D“付出了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立的代價(jià)”符合題意。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章討論的主要內(nèi)容是通信技術(shù)對發(fā)展中國家的負(fù)面影響，作者對此是持否定態(tài)度的，因此，選項(xiàng)B“批判的”符合題意。

13.翻譯題

1.EversincethefinancialtsunamisweptallbeforeitinSeptember2008,manypeoplehavesavedfuriously.That’sagoodthing,butthere’satemptationtolosethatdisciplineoncethestormcloudsstarttobreak.

Whiletheeconomyremainsfragileandmanypeoplearestilloutofwork,signsofrecoveryarebecomingmoreandmoreapparent.AmongyourNewYear’sresolutionsincludeasavingsgoal?Thatisafunctionofyourregularincome,evenifit’snotalargeamountofmoney.

Maintainingthedisciplineiscrucial.Theamountofsavingscangrowovertime.

2.Adviceonhowtosaveforretirementoryourkid’scollegeisplentiful.Lessplentifulisguidanceonwhatkindofrainy-dayfundyoushouldhave.

3.Arainy-dayfund,whichyoursavingsplancanfeed,shouldcoveraboutsixmonthsofincome.It’saformofpersonalinsurance,valuableintheserapidlychangingtimes.

Thisfundshouldbekeptinsafeandeasy-to-tapassets.Ladderingcertificatesofdepositoutsixmonthsisoneway.

【答案】1.自2008年9月金融海嘯將一切席卷一空以來，很多人都在瘋狂地?cái)€錢。這是好事，不過一旦風(fēng)暴的陰云開始消散，這樣的自律就可能喪失。

2.有關(guān)如何為退休和孩子上大學(xué)攢錢有很多的建議。但說得較少的是應(yīng)該建立哪種應(yīng)急基金。

3.應(yīng)急基金的錢可以來自你的攢錢計(jì)劃。它應(yīng)該相當(dāng)于約6個(gè)月的收入。這是個(gè)人保險(xiǎn)的一種形式，在眼下這種變化迅速的時(shí)代非常重要。

14.單選題

Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.

ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.

Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.

Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationderivedfrommusicalnotations.Tooversimplifygreatly,hearguesthatmusichasalwaysgivenparametersordimensions.Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.

Thepointofthis,oranyotheralternativetothecurrentmethodsofdescribingbasicphysicalprocesses,ist