考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theexplosionofastarisanawesomeevent.Themostviolentofthesecataclysms,whichproducesupernovae,probablydestroysastarcompletely.Withinourgalaxyofroughly100billionstarsthelastsupernovawasobservedin1604.Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.Ontheorderof25novaeoccurinourgalaxyeveryyear,butonlytwoorthreearenearenoughtobeobserved.About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.Iftheexplodingstarisinanearbypartofthegalaxy,itmaycreatea“newstar”thatwasnotpreviouslyvisibletothenakedeye.ThelastnewstarofthissortthatcouldbeobservedclearlyfromtheNorthernHemisphereappearedin1946.Inthesesmallerexplosionsthestarlosesonlyaminutefractionofitsmassandsurvivestoexplodeagain.

Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle.Ishalldescriberecentinvestigationsthathaveprovidedimportantnewinformationaboutthesetwoclassesofexplodingstar.Thepicturethatemergesisquiteastonishing.Itappearsthateverydwarfnova—andperhapseverynova—isamemberofapairofstars.Thetwostarsaresoclosetogetherthattheyrevolvearoundapointthatliesbarelyoutsidethesurfaceofthelargerstar.Asaresulttheperiodofrotationisusuallyonlyafewhoursandtheirvelocitiesrangeupwardtowithinatwo-hundredththespeedoflight.

Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupemovae.Acataclysmicvariableisdefinedasastarthatsuddenlyandunpredictablyincreasesinbrightnessbyafactorofatleast10.Dwarfnovaearestarsthatincreaseinbrightnessbyafactorof10too100withinaperiodofseveralhoursanddeclinetotheirformerbrightnessintwoorthreedays.Inthisperiodtheyemitsome1038to1039ergsofenergy.Atmaximumbrillianceadwarfnovashinesaboutasintenselyasoursun;previouslyithadbeenonlyaboutahundredthasbright.Thenumberofoutburstsrangesanywherefrom3to30ayear,butforanystartheintervalshaveafairlyconstantvalue.Moreover,themaximumbrightnessfromoutbursttooutburstisthesamewithinafactoroftwoforagivenstar.Thedwarfnovaeareoftenreferredto,aftertheirprototypes,asUGeminorumorSSCygnistars.(Thestarsofeachconstellationaredesignatedbylettersornumbers.)Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thereasonwhydwarfnovaeexplodeis

（

）.

3.Itislikelythatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorwilldiscuss（

）.

4.ItcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphofthepassagethatZCamelopardalisstarsare

（

）.

5.Astronomersareacquaintedwithapproximately（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.CataclysmicVariables

B.ExplodingStars

C.MiraclesintheSkies

D.OurExpandingUniverse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thattheyemittremendousamountsofenergy

B.acataclysmicvariable

C.thattheyaretwinstars

D.notknown

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thecharacteristicsoftheexplosionofanova

B.supernovae

C.oursunasadwarfnova

D.howthetwinstarsrevolve

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.supemovae

B.atminimumbrillianceforseveralmonths

C.belongingtoitssubgroupofadwarfnovaefamily

D.atmaximumbrillianceforalongertimethanotherstars

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.100dwarfnovae

B.35novae

C.10novae

D.3to30novaeayear

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.”指出星體的爆炸及其產(chǎn)生的其他不同的星體——矮新星、新星和超新星。文章隨后介紹了天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)這些爆炸星體的觀察結(jié)果，并且天體物理學(xué)家將這三類爆炸的星體統(tǒng)稱為激變形變光星，最后文章對(duì)其中的矮新星進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。所以答案為B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位第二段中“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家都相當(dāng)滿意，他們可以解釋超新星的爆炸。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問“在這篇文章之后的段落中作者將會(huì)探討？”定位到最后一段，“Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupernovae.”天文學(xué)家使用“災(zāi)變變量”一詞來(lái)概括爆炸恒星的三大類:矮新星、新星和超新星。”再結(jié)合前文中的“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupenovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家對(duì)他們能解釋超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意。新星和矮新星更像是一個(gè)謎?！奔热晃锢韺W(xué)家對(duì)超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意，可推知接下來(lái)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)探討有關(guān)超新星的問題。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到最后一段中“Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.矮新星的子群，稱為Z鹿豹座恒星,其亮度不總是在爆發(fā)的間隙下降至最低，但或許在幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里保持中等水平。可知C項(xiàng)“屬于矮新星科的一個(gè)亞群”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段中“About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.已知的矮新星總共有大約100顆”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs（

）italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.renders

B.reckons

C.regards

D.relates

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)render“致使”；B選項(xiàng)reckon“計(jì)算；認(rèn)為，把……看作”；C選項(xiàng)regard“看待，認(rèn)為”；D選項(xiàng)relate“有聯(lián)系，連接”。句意：金雕通常將巢筑在高高的懸崖上，這一事實(shí)使得獲取鳥蛋或小鳥幾乎不可能。結(jié)合句意，可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defended

B.reproved

C.approved

D.ratified

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)defendedv.辯護(hù)，防護(hù)，保衛(wèi)；B選項(xiàng)reprovedv.責(zé)罵，譴責(zé)，刁難；C選項(xiàng)approvedv.批準(zhǔn)，贊成，審核；D選項(xiàng)ratifiedv.批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可。根據(jù)題意法官指責(zé)了警官對(duì)待犯人的方式可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Howdotheprofessionaltimekeepersoftheworddetermine,totheprecisenanosecond,whenanewyearbegins?Theysimplyconsultanatomicclock.Andattheendoflastmonth,justintimetoringinthenewyear,theHewlett-Packardcompany,ofPaloAlto,California,unveiledthelatestinthesemeticuloustime-pieces.Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears—farlongerthanallofhumanhistorytodate.

Itisnaturaltowonderwhocouldpossiblyneedsuchprecision.Theanswer:practicallyeveryone,atleastindirectly.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.Televisionandradiostationsusetheclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.Satellite-basednavigationsystemsdependonthedevicestomeasurethearrivaltimeofradiosignalstowithinatinyfractionofsecond,allowinguserstogaugetheirlocationtowithinafewfeet.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstohelptrackthealmostimperceptiblemotionsofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearthandgalaxiesandstarsacrossthesky.EventhepeoplewhodroppedtheballinNewYorkCity’sTimesSquaretosignalthestartof1992reliedonatimekeepingsourcethatwaspeggedultimatelytoanatomicclock.

Theprinciplethatliesbehindallthisprecisioncomesoutofquantumphysics.Whenanatomisbombardedwithelectromagneticradiation—inthiscase,microwaves—itselectronsshiftintoanewenergystate.Eachtypeofatomrespondsmostreadilytoaparticularfrequencyofradiation.Forthecesium133atomsinmostatomicclocks,thefrequencyis9,192,613,770vibrationspersecond.Thatmeansthatwhenamicrowavebeaminsidetheclockissetexactlytothatfrequency,themaximumnumberofatomswillundergotheenergyshift.Thissignalstheclock’sinternalcomputerthatthedeviceiscorrectlytuned.Andinfact,itisthevibratingmicrowavesthatkeeptime;theatomsareusedjusttokeepthemontrack.

Theoretically,anatomicclockcouldkeepperfecttime,buttheactualperformancedependsonengineeringdetailsexactlyhowthemicrowaveshitthecesiumatoms,howsophisticatedtheelectronicsareandsoon.ItwasbyimprovingfactorslikethesethatHewett-Packardboosteditsclocks’performancefromincrediblygoodtoevenbetter.Thenextgenerationofclocksshoulddobettersill,butnooneissurewhenthatgenerationwillcomealong.Fornew,asecondeverymillionandahalfyearswillhavetodo.

31.Thenewestatomicclockisaccurateto______.

32.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?

33.Atomicclockisveryaccuratebecause______.

34.Thenextgenerationofclockwillbemade______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.30years

B.nomorethanasecondevery800,000years

C.asecondin1.6millionyears

D.$54,000

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Televisionandradiostationsuseatomicclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.

B.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstotimesecretcallstosubmarinesaroundtheworld.

C.Scientistsuseatomicclockstogaugethelocationofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearth.

D.Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoflargeamountofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.quantumphysicskeepsperfecttime

B.thecesium133atomskeepsperfecttime

C.electro-magneticradiationkeepstime

D.thevibratingmicrowaveskeeptime

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inasecond

B.inamillionyears

C.inahalfyear

D.inthetimenooneissureof

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“最新的原子鐘精確到……”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Butthenewestversion,a$54,0000devicethesizeofadesktopcomputer,isaccuratetoonesecondin1.6millionyears（但是最新的版本，一臺(tái)價(jià)值540000美元的臺(tái)式電腦大小的設(shè)備，精確到160萬(wàn)年中的一秒）可知，C項(xiàng)“160萬(wàn)年一秒”正確，D項(xiàng)“54000美元”不符合題干。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句Fornearly30years,thefirmhasbeensupplyingmilitaryandscientificclientswithatomicclocks;themostadvancedmodelsneithergainnorlosemorethanasecondevery800,000years.（近30年來(lái)，該公司一直為軍事和科研客戶提供原子鐘；最先進(jìn)的模型每80萬(wàn)年增加或減少的時(shí)間都不超過一秒。）可知，A項(xiàng)“30年”錯(cuò)誤，B項(xiàng)“每80萬(wàn)年不超過一秒”是最先進(jìn)的版本，并不是最新的。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“以下哪項(xiàng)沒有提到？”。由第二段第二句Telephoneandcomputernetworksrelyonatomicclockstosynchronizetheflowoftrillionsofbitsofinformationaroundthenationandtheworld,thusavoidingmammothelectroniclogjams.（電話和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依靠原子鐘來(lái)同步全國(guó)和全世界數(shù)萬(wàn)億比特信息的流動(dòng)，從而避免了巨大的電子堵塞。）可知，D項(xiàng)“電話和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)依靠原子鐘來(lái)同步全國(guó)和世界各地大量信息的流動(dòng)”符合原文。由第二段第三句Televisionandradiostationsusetheclockstotimetheirbroadcasts.（電視和廣播電臺(tái)用這些鐘來(lái)給他們的廣播計(jì)時(shí)。）可知，A項(xiàng)“電視和廣播電臺(tái)使用原子鐘來(lái)計(jì)時(shí)他們的廣播”有提到。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句和第三句Satellite-basednavigationsystemsdependonthedevicestomeasurethearrivaltimeofradiosignalstowithinatinyfractionofsecond,allowinguserstogaugetheirlocationtowithinafewfeet.Thearmedforcesuseatomicclockstohelptrackthealmostimperceptiblemotionsofcontinentsacrossthesurfaceoftheearthandgalaxiesandstarsacrossthesky.（基于衛(wèi)星的導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)依靠這些設(shè)備來(lái)測(cè)量無(wú)線電信號(hào)的到達(dá)時(shí)間，誤差不超過幾分之一秒，這讓用戶可以在幾英尺內(nèi)測(cè)量自己的位置。軍隊(duì)使用原子鐘來(lái)追蹤地球表面上幾乎無(wú)法察覺的大陸運(yùn)動(dòng)，以及天空中星系和恒星的運(yùn)動(dòng)。）可知，使用原子鐘來(lái)追蹤大陸在地表上的位置在文中有提到，但是軍隊(duì)使用原子鐘來(lái)計(jì)時(shí)秘密呼叫在文中并沒有體現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“武裝部隊(duì)使用原子鐘來(lái)計(jì)時(shí)向世界各地的潛艇發(fā)出的秘密呼叫”錯(cuò)誤，C項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家使用原子鐘來(lái)測(cè)量大陸在地球表面的位置”正確。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

33.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“原子鐘非常準(zhǔn)確是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)文章第三段首句Theprinciplethatliesbehindallthisprecisioncomesoutofquantumphysics.（所有這些精確背后的原理來(lái)自量子物理學(xué)。）可知，原子鐘的精準(zhǔn)性是來(lái)源于量子物理學(xué)，A項(xiàng)“量子物理精確計(jì)時(shí)”正確。B項(xiàng)“133銫原子精確計(jì)時(shí)”、C項(xiàng)“電磁輻射計(jì)時(shí)”和D項(xiàng)“振動(dòng)的微波計(jì)時(shí)”都是原子鐘的原理，屬于量子物理。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

34.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下一代時(shí)鐘將在……時(shí)候制造出來(lái)”。文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句指出Thenextgenerationofclocksshoulddobettersill,butnooneissurewhenthatgenerationwillcomealong.（下一代鐘表應(yīng)該會(huì)做得更好，但沒人確定這一代何時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)。）可知，D項(xiàng)“沒人能確定”正確。A項(xiàng)“一秒鐘”、B項(xiàng)“一百萬(wàn)年”和C項(xiàng)“半年”都不正確。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Theexaminationquestiontotallyperplexedher.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fascinated

B.confused

C.enlightened

D.saddened

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)fascinated“著迷的；被深深吸引的”；B選項(xiàng)confused“困惑的；混亂的；糊涂的”；C選項(xiàng)enlightened“開明的；文明的；有知識(shí)的；覺悟的”；D選項(xiàng)saddened“難過的；悲傷的”。句意：考題把她完全難住了。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞question（問題），得知B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Inpracticethetheoryoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.fluctuate

C.frustrate

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)decline“下降；衰落；謝絕”；B選項(xiàng)fluctuate“波動(dòng)；漲落；動(dòng)搖”；C選項(xiàng)frustrate“失敗；受挫”；D選項(xiàng)prosper“繁榮，昌盛；成功”。句意：在實(shí)踐中，這一理論往往使鐵路公司處于決定哪些公司會(huì)興旺發(fā)達(dá)、哪些會(huì)倒閉的位置。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞fail“衰?。坏归]”，可推測(cè)前文的單詞應(yīng)是與之相反的詞，得知D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.copy

B.issue

C.magazine

D.printing

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)copy“抄送，副本”；B選項(xiàng)issue“問題，期號(hào)”；C選項(xiàng)magazine“雜志”；D選項(xiàng)printing“印刷”。句意：我非常高興在貴刊二月的一期中讀到了約翰遜教授寫給編輯的信。這里指的是某雜志二月份的那一期，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Thepuritanarmyexecutedtheking,abolishedtheHouseofLords,andgottheHouseof

Commonsto（）Englanda"commonwealth",orrepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proclaim

B.reclaim

C.exclaim

D.declaim

【答案】A

【解析】句意:清教徒軍隊(duì)處決了國(guó)王，廢除了上議院，并讓下議院宣布英格蘭為“聯(lián)邦”或共和國(guó)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。proclaim宣布；宣稱；reclaim開拓；改造某人;exclaim呼喊；declaim演講；朗讀?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞后面的句意為“英格蘭為“聯(lián)邦”或共和國(guó)”，因此A符合句意。

9.單選題

Thatkindofbirdhasbecomemore____aroundherelately;weshouldprotectthemfrombeingshot.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.various

B.numerable

C.multiple

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.various各種各樣的B.numerable可數(shù)的

C.multiple數(shù)量多的D.numerous許多的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析

【解題思路】空格所在部分語(yǔ)義為“這種鳥最近在這里變得更加____（more____）了”，空格處所填詞在該句中做表語(yǔ)；根據(jù)后文“我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊”推測(cè)，這種鳥在這里可能會(huì)被獵殺，一般鳥多的地方會(huì)出現(xiàn)偷獵行為，因此數(shù)量變多了符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接，D選項(xiàng)numerous“許多的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)various“各種各樣的”不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)numerable“可數(shù)的”，是numerous的形近詞，但不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接；

C選項(xiàng)multiple“數(shù)量多的”，只能用于名詞前，做定語(yǔ)，但原句中空格后沒有名詞；

【句意】最近這種鳥在這里越來(lái)越多了；我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們不受槍擊。

10.單選題

Reportersandphotographersaliketookgreat（

）attherudewaytheactorbehavedduringtheinterview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyance

B.offence

C.resentment

D.irritation

【答案】B

【解析】句意:記者和攝像師們都因?yàn)檫@個(gè)演員在采訪中的無(wú)禮行為而感到被冒犯。

名詞辨析。惱怒,生氣;offence冒犯;常用于短語(yǔ)takeoffenceatsth.表示“因?yàn)槟呈露械奖粋?、被冒犯”；resentment怨恨;irritation憤怒。因此根據(jù)句意及搭配推斷B項(xiàng)正確。

11.填空題

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾經(jīng)是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom與……分離

3.語(yǔ)法分析。此處填不定冠詞a,表示“一個(gè)”。

4.語(yǔ)義題。Hasapopulationof后面接具體人數(shù)表示“有…人”。

5.語(yǔ)義題。Rest其余的。

12.單選題

Scientistshopethecollisionwillproducealargecraterinthecomet’ssurfaceinordertorevealthecoreandgivesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.interpretations

C.clues

D.observations

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)source“來(lái)源，水源，原始資料”，B項(xiàng)interpretation“解釋，翻譯，演出”，C項(xiàng)clue“線索，（故事等的）情節(jié)”，D項(xiàng)observation“觀察，監(jiān)視，觀察報(bào)告”。根據(jù)givesome______totheoriginofthesolarsystem“為太陽(yáng)系的起源提供一些……”可知，“線索”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：科學(xué)家們希望這次碰撞將在彗星表面產(chǎn)生一個(gè)巨大的隕石坑，以便揭示其核心，并為太陽(yáng)系的起源提供一些線索。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

13.問答題

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】試題答案：C；that

【解析】考查名詞性從句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表語(yǔ)從句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

14.單選題

Mrs.Affluenceiswidelyknownasa______whohasgivenmillionsofdollarstocharityandwhosegenerosityhashelpedcountlesspoorpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pauper

B.glutton

C.conformist

D.philanthropist

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pauper窮人，乞丐B.glutton暴食者，貪食者

C.conformist循規(guī)蹈矩的人D.philanthropist慈善者，博愛主義者

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句是修飾空格處的詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)從句內(nèi)容“她捐獻(xiàn)了數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元給慈善團(tuán)體，她的慷慨行為已經(jīng)幫助了無(wú)數(shù)窮人”可知，空格處填入“慈善家”符合句意。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句意。

15.單選題

Johnhassuch（）powerthathisfriendsalwaysbehaveinthewaythathewantsthemto.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.convincing

B.feasible

C.operational

D.manipulative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)convincing“令人信服的，有說服力的”，B項(xiàng)feasible“可行的，可能的”，C項(xiàng)operational“操作的，運(yùn)作的”，D項(xiàng)manipulative“巧妙處理的，操縱的”。根據(jù)空格后面的句意“他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事”可知，空格部分填入convincing最合適。句意：約翰很有說服力，他的朋友們總是按他所希望的那樣行事。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojustunder50hoursbythestartofthe19305s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek;andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2088hoursperworker,comparedto1957fortheUnitedStatesand1646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopre-industrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasevidencethatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcentury?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whypeopleinpre-industrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek

B.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries

D.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.increasedsignificantly

D.decreasedsignificantly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages

B.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers

C.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thehalf-dayholiday

B.UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse

C.HenryFord

D.Germanmetalworkers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文首先將前工業(yè)時(shí)代的周工時(shí)與工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的周工時(shí)進(jìn)行比較，接著說明了不同年代周工時(shí)的變化。故D項(xiàng)“人們每周工作的時(shí)長(zhǎng)發(fā)生了變化”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pre-industrialtimes定位到第一段“peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.前工業(yè)社會(huì)的人們每天花3到4個(gè)小時(shí)，或每周花20個(gè)小時(shí)做生活所必需的工作。然而，對(duì)每周工作量的現(xiàn)代比較始于工業(yè)革命（1760年至1840年），當(dāng)時(shí)每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小時(shí)是常態(tài)?！睋?jù)此可知19世紀(jì)每周的工作時(shí)間相比前工業(yè)時(shí)代有大幅增長(zhǎng)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到第三段“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodernlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.20世紀(jì)30年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條帶來(lái)了工作分擔(dān)的概念，使人們可以到處尋找工作;在美國(guó)，每周工作時(shí)間降至35小時(shí)的現(xiàn)代最低點(diǎn)。”可知美國(guó)周工時(shí)下降的原因是一些人共同分擔(dān)一個(gè)工作。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“FairLaborStandardsAct”定位到第三段“In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.1938年，《公平勞動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法》（FairLaborStandardsAct）規(guī)定，從1940年開始，每周工作時(shí)間不得超過40小時(shí)。從那以后，8小時(shí)工作制和5天工作制就成了美國(guó)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！庇纱丝芍摲ò冈O(shè)定每周40小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間的目的是給美國(guó)工人提出的一個(gè)工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以此限定每周的工時(shí)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文中有關(guān)“UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse”的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在“In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.1926年，他宣布從今以后他的工廠將在星期六全天關(guān)閉。當(dāng)時(shí)，福特受到了美國(guó)鋼鐵公司（UnitedStatesSteel）和西屋電氣公司（Westinghouse）等其他公司的批評(píng)，但這個(gè)想法受到了工人的歡迎。”由此可知這兩個(gè)公司不贊成福特周六不上班的想法。故B項(xiàng)不是自19世紀(jì)以來(lái)周工時(shí)削減的證據(jù)。答案B。

17.單選題

IthasbeenannouncedthatphysicistsfromdifferentcountrieswillgatherinNewYorkfora____nextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symphony

B.symmetry

C.symposium

D.symptom

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.symphony交響樂B.symmetry對(duì)稱（性）

C.symposium研討會(huì)D.symptom征兆

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接與形近詞辨析

【解題思路】前文提到“來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的物理學(xué)家聚集到一起”，而空格處所填詞是他們聚集到一起的目的，C選項(xiàng)symposium“研討會(huì)”最符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均為symposium“研討會(huì)”的形近詞，但都不能使原句前后語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】據(jù)通知，來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的物理學(xué)家將于下個(gè)月聚集在紐約參加一個(gè)研討會(huì)。

18.單選題

InFebruaryof2005,PhilBelfiorewasteachinghisseventh-gradestudentshowtowriteapoemintentionallycopyingthestyleoftheRobertfrost’s“StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening”.Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine:“WhosephonethisisIthinkyouknow/Icannotansweritnowthough/Sostateyourname,beveryclear/I’llcallyoubackwhenIgethome.’’.

Thatactwouldleadtooneofthemostunusualfriendshipsofhislife.

WhenPhilandhisfamilyreturnedtoMarylandfromEastervacation,helistenedtohisvoicemessages.Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.Butheaddedhe’dheartilyenjoyedthepoem.Phillaughedandthoughtnothingmoreofit,untilthephonerangafewdayslater.

“Irecognizedthevoiceimmediately,”recallsPhil,now57.“Hesaidthathewassorrytobotherme,buthewascallingtohearthepoemagain.”

Thetwomentalked.JohnThompson,aveterannow73,livedinCheyenneWyoming.Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.“Beforehangingup,Itoldhimtocallbackanytimewhethertohearmoreofthepoemorjusttotalk”recallsPhil.

Thatwas11yearsago.They’vespokenonthephoneafewtimesamontheversince.Johninitiatesmostcalls,butPhilwillringifawhilehaspassed.“Weseemtoalwaysconnectwhenthere’sbeenabigsportsevent.”Philsays.

Themendiscussfootballandfamily.JohnwilltalkexcitedlyabouthispastlifeorupdatePhilonfolkshehasbeenintouchwith.“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,”saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup.Sometimeswejusttalkforaminutetoseehowtheotherisdoing.”

“Likeoldfriends?”Iaskeagerly.I’mtryingtounderstandfromPhilwhatdrawsthesementoeachother.’’Weareoldfriends.’’,Philsays.

Noneedtooverthinkit.John,whoover11yearshassharedalittleofhimselfatatime,haswovenhimselfintothefabricofPhil’slife.IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.HetellsmestoriesofhischildhoodvisitingCapitolHill.

Intheyearssince,JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.Neithermindsthislatest“haven’t”.Theyhaven’tgonetoagametogether,hadacupofcoffeetogether,orsatontheotherssofa.Theirfriendshipisbasedonthesimpleactofpickingupthephone.It’sassimple,andasextraordinary,asthat.

1.WhocomposedtheverseonthePhil’shomeansweringmachine?

2.ThereasonwhyJohnfirstcalledPhilwasthathewantedto_______.

3.Whatdidthetwomentalkaboutmostduringtheirtalks?

4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohnandPhil?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.PhilBelfiore

B.JohnThompson

C.Robertfrost

D.DavidThompson

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.learntowritepoems

B.gotoPhil’sbirthdaylunch

C.connecthisbrother

D.discussRobertfrostwithhim

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Storiesandholidayromance

B.Travelandexoticplaces

C.Poemsandliterature

D.Sportsandfamily

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theywerebestfriendswhohadnotyetmetinperson.

B.Theywerebothpoetswhohadpassionforversecomposition.

C.Theyweregoodstorytellerswhohadextraordinarymemories.

D.Theywerebothveteranswholikedchattingonphoneforhours.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：誰(shuí)編著了菲爾家答錄機(jī)里的這首詩(shī)？通過題干定位到文章第一段的第二句話Helikedthesamplethathehadwrittenforthem,soherecordeditonhishomeansweringmachine（他很喜歡他寫給學(xué)生的樣例，所以他將其錄入了家里的答錄機(jī)），這里的“he”代指的就是前文中提到的“PhilBelfiore”，因此A選項(xiàng)“菲爾?貝爾菲奧爾”，符合題意。其他選項(xiàng)均不是答錄機(jī)里這首詩(shī)的作家。綜上所述，本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：約翰首次呼叫菲爾的原因是他想要……？通過題干定位到文章第三段第二句話Onegentlemancallerapologizedfordialingthewrongnumber.（一位紳士為打錯(cuò)電話而道歉。），第五段第三句話再次提及Itturnedoutthathisbrother,David’sphonenumberwasdifferentfromPhil’sbyonedigit,thusthewrongnumber.（約翰的哥哥大衛(wèi)的電話號(hào)碼和菲爾家的僅差一個(gè)數(shù)字，所以打錯(cuò)了電話），可以推斷出約翰本來(lái)想和他的哥哥打電話，因?yàn)榘村e(cuò)了號(hào)碼打給了菲爾，因此C選項(xiàng)“聯(lián)系他哥哥”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)怎么寫詩(shī)”，B選項(xiàng)“參加菲爾的生日宴會(huì)”和D選項(xiàng)“和他探討羅伯特這位詩(shī)人”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：兩位男士談?wù)摰米疃嗟氖?通過題干定位到文章第七段Themendiscussfootballandfamily…“Slowlyovertheyearsourconversationshavegrownmuchmorepersonal,’’saysPhil.“WetalkprimarilyaboutJohn’shealth,andlovelife.Alsoourrelatives,hobbies,andwhateverelsecomesup…”（男人們談?wù)撟闱蚝图彝ァ斑@些年來(lái)，我們的談話慢慢變得越來(lái)越私人?！狈茽栒f?！拔覀冎饕?wù)摷s翰的健康和感情生活，還有我們的親戚、愛好和其他的……”），可知D選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)和家庭”，符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“故事和假期”；B選項(xiàng)“旅行和異國(guó)”；C選項(xiàng)“詩(shī)歌和文學(xué)”，在文中均未提及。綜上所述，本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干：關(guān)于約翰和菲爾，我們知道什么？A選項(xiàng)“他們是沒有見過面的最好的朋友”，由文章最后一段第一句話JohnandPhilhaveplannedtomeettwice,butcircumstancesconspiredagainstthem.（約翰和菲爾有過兩次見面計(jì)劃，但是情況都有變動(dòng)。），可知他們從沒見面過，故A選項(xiàng)正確；B選項(xiàng)“他們都是對(duì)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作很有熱情的詩(shī)人”，D選項(xiàng)“他們都是喜歡長(zhǎng)時(shí)間打電話的退伍軍人”文中提及菲爾是教師，約翰是退伍老兵，因此B，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“他們都是有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人”，文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句提及IcallJohnandfindhimanengagingstorytellerwithanexceptionalmemory.（我認(rèn)為約翰是一位有特殊回憶的善于說故事的人），但是并沒有