考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Grandmaalwayspaidattentiontotheneeds,wishesandfeelingsofthosearoundher.Shewasthemost（

）womanI’veeverknown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.merry

C.considerate

D.brilliant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。artificial人造的；merry愉快的；considerate體貼的，考慮周到的；brilliant杰出的。句意：奶奶總是關(guān)注身邊人的需求、愿望和感受。她是我所認(rèn)識(shí)的最體貼的女人。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

VisatoMelina.R.D.gotthesurpriseofhercareerlastyear,whentheSeattle-basedvegetariannutritionistwasaskedtogiveaseminaronvegetarianismataseniorcitizencenter.“Ithoughtthere'dbefourorfivepeople,”shesays.Instead,theroomwaspackedwithseniorswhohadpaida$5feetohearheradvice.Andtheirinterestinbetterhealthwasn’tonlykeen;itwasinformed."They'veobviouslybeenpayingattentiontonewresearch,”shesays.

IfMelinastudieddemographictrendsforaliving,sheprobablywouldn’thavebeensosurprised.Trendwatchershaveverifiedanintriguingnewphenomenon.Olderpeopleareturningtoavegetariandietinever-increasingnumbers.Notsurprisingly,demographicsaredrivingthedrift.Bytheyear2005,peoplebombetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.Addtothefactthatolderpeopleseeknatural,pleasantwaystocombatproblemsassociatedwithaging-weightgain,highercholesterolandbloodpressure,increasedcancerriskandimpaireddigestion-andyouhaverealmotivationtogomeatless,saysSuzanneHavala,R.D.,authoroftheAmericanDieteticAssociation'spositionpaperonvegetarianism.

Quantifyingthisnewtrendisn'teasy,buta1994studybyHealthFocusInc.,anindependentresearchorganizationbasedinDesMoines,Iowa,foundthatshoppersoverage50arecuttingdownontheirconsumptionofredmeatoreliminatingitfromtheirdietsentirely.Morecompellingevidencefortheseniorsurgetowardvegetarianismcomesfromvegetariangroupsnationwide,whichreportaswellintheranksofoldervegetarians.Forexample,oneoutoffivemembersofthenewSyracuse(N.Y.)AreaVegetarianEducationSocietyisover50;unusuallyhighforafledglingorganization.Andtwo-thirdsofthe850-memberVegetarianSocietyofHonoluluarealsomembersoftheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersons,societyexecutivessay.

Aninformalpollofolderpeoplesuggestsbetterhealthisoftenthemainincentiveandobjectiveforturningveg.ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditorfoundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.However,thistimeitmadeherin.“Thecrashfeltliketheflu,”shesays.Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andher"flu”disappeared.

Moredramatically,RuthHeidrichbelievesvegetarianismsavedherlife.The61-year-oldmarathonerandtriathletewasdiagnosedwithbreastcancer14yearsago,atage47.Whenaninitialbiopsyindicatedfarmorecancerthanherdoctorshadthought,shewasreadytotakedesperatemeasures.Onthedayofthediagnosis,shespottedanewspaperadlookingforvolunteerstoenrollinastudyofbreastcanceranddiet,conductedbyJohnMcDougall,M.D.,aleadingadvocateoftheuseofdiettofightdisease.AftermeetingMcDougallandreviewingwhatshesayswasaneight-inchthickfileofstatisticslinkingahigh-fatdietwithbreastcancer,HeidrichconvertedfromatraditionalAmericandiettoanextremelylow-fatregimenwithnoanimalproducts.”1didn'tevenhaveskimmilkonmycereal,”shesays.Afteramastectomyandreconstructivesurgery,sheiscancer-free.Sheneverhadtoundergoradiationtreatmentorchemotherapyandbelievesherstrictvegetariandiethelpedspeedherrecoveryfromsurgery.

1.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...demographicsaredrivingthedrift"?

2.WhydidNancyRobertsfallill?

3.HowdidNancyRobertsrecoverfromherillness?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThehugeBabyBoomGenerationhasdecidedtobecomevegetarians.

B.Seniorcitizensbelievethatgoingmeatlessisanaturalandpleasantwaytocombatproblemsofaging.

C.Thegrowingtrendtowardvegetariansisduetoanincreaseinthenumberofelderpeople.

D.Moreandmorepeopleofallagesaregoingonavegetariandiettostayhealthy.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausesheatetoomuchrichfood.

B.Becausesheoverexertedherselfduringtheholidays.

C.Becauseshewasonahigh-fatdiet.

D.Becauseshecaughttheflu.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bygoingonanextremelylow-fatregimen.

B.Byeatingsomevegetariandishesathome.

C.Bynotevenhavingskimmilkwithhercereal.

D.Byfollowingastrictvegetariandiet.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者說(shuō)“人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)正在推動(dòng)這一趨勢(shì)”是什么意思？’根據(jù)第二段中第四句“Bytheyear2005,peoplebornbetween1949and1963theBabyBoomGeneration,willmakeup38percentoftheAmericanpopulation.至2005年，出生在1949到1963歲之間的人--嬰兒潮一代--將占美國(guó)人口的38%。和第五句Furthermore,statisticssuggestthiseducated,health-conscious,rebelliousandrelativelyaffluentcontingentfitsthetraditionalvegetarianprofile.此外，統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這一受過(guò)教育、有健康意識(shí)、叛逆和相對(duì)富裕的隊(duì)伍符合傳統(tǒng)的素食主義?！贝_定題目中此話的意思是指C選項(xiàng)“素食主義者的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)是由于老年人人數(shù)的增加”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)“為什么南希?羅伯茨會(huì)生??？”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ThreeyearsagoNancyRoberts,a53-year-oldmagazineeditor,foundherselfdoingwhatmanypeopledoovertheholidays:overindulginginrichtreats.3年前，53歲的資深雜志編輯南希?羅伯茨，發(fā)現(xiàn)她做了很多人在假期會(huì)做的事：過(guò)度沉迷于吃豐富的食物?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗粤颂嘭S富的食物”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘南希?羅伯茨是如何從病中康復(fù)的？根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Bychance,Robertswasaskedtoeditsomevegetarianrecipesduringthatsameperiod.Shemadeafewathome,andherfludisappeared.碰巧，羅伯茨在同一命期被要求編輯一些素食食譜。她在家做了一些素食，她的“流感”消失了?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)“在家吃些素食”正確。

3.單選題

Withintenyearstheyhavetamedthe（

）hillintogreenwoods.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.vacant

B.barren

C.weird

D.wasteful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vacant“空虛的；空的；空閑的”；B選項(xiàng)barren“貧瘠的，荒蕪的；不生育的；無(wú)益的”；C選項(xiàng)weird“怪異的；超自然的”；D選項(xiàng)wasteful“浪費(fèi)的；不經(jīng)濟(jì)的；奢侈的”。句意：十年之內(nèi)，他們將那座……山開(kāi)墾成了綠林。由句意可知此處表示“荒山”，能表示此義的只有B選項(xiàng)barrenhill“荒山”。

4.填空題

WhileIwasastudent,I（1）manystoriesaboutthevalueofEnglishforone’scareer,butIthoughttheywereirrelevant（2）thelifethatIhadplannedformyself.Inthat（3）Iwassimilartomanyoftoday'sstudents.Aftergraduating,I（4）howaccuratethosestorieswere.I（5）manyopportunitiesbecausemyEnglishwassopoor,（6）Ifinallydecidedto"correct*'myearliermistake.OnedayI（7）atutorandbegantostudy

Englishseriously-asatoolofrealcommunication,notameretestsubject―forthefirst（8）inmylife.Thisturned（9）tobeoneofthebestdecisionsthatI’ve

（10）made.AfterI（11）myattitudetowardthelanguage,Ireallystartedtoenjoyusingit,andasa（12）Imaderapid（13）init.Sincethenmycareerhasbenefitedgreatly（14）mynewabilitytouseEnglishactively.

【答案】1.heard

2.to

3.respect

4.realized

5.lost

6.so

7.got

8.time

9.out

10.ever

11.changed

12.result

13.progress

14.from

【解析】1.固定搭配。Hearstoryabout聽(tīng)關(guān)于…的故事。而且這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。

2.固定搭配。beirrelevanttosth.與某事無(wú)關(guān)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在這方面，我和今天的許多學(xué)生很相似。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我意識(shí)到這些故事是多么準(zhǔn)確。

5.固定搭配。Loseopportunities失去機(jī)會(huì)。這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式。

6.邏輯分析?？崭袂昂缶渥訛橐蚬P(guān)系:英語(yǔ)不好，我失去了很多機(jī)會(huì)。因此,我決定糾正之前的錯(cuò)誤。

7.固定搭配。getatutor請(qǐng)家教。這里應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

8.固定搭配。Forthefirsttime第一次。

9.固定搭配。turnouttobe結(jié)果是,證明是。

10.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我曾經(jīng)做的最好決定之一。

11.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在我改變對(duì)英語(yǔ)的態(tài)度后。

12.固定搭配。asaresult結(jié)果。

13.固定搭配。Makeprogressin在…方面取得巨大進(jìn)步。

14.固定搭配。benefitfromsth.受益于…。

5.單選題

Theyfearitcouldhavea(an)（

）effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sizeable

B.adverse

C.beneficial

D.consequential

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sizeable意為“相當(dāng)大的”；adverse意為“不利的，有害的”；beneficial意為“有利的，有益的”；consequential意為“隨之而來(lái)的，重要的”。根據(jù)主句中的fear（害怕）可知此處應(yīng)為具有負(fù)面含義的詞，選B。

句意：他們害怕它會(huì)對(duì)全球金融市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生不利的影響。

6.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquidwatertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.consumption

C.transition

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”；consumption“消費(fèi)，消耗”；transition“過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變”；interaction“相互作用”。前半句提到“從固態(tài)變成液態(tài)，水需要吸收它周?chē)形镔|(zhì)的熱量”，因此空格處表示的就是“吸收(熱量)”這個(gè)過(guò)程，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Aliquidcanbekeptinanopencontainerandfillittothelevelofafreesurface.Agasformsnofreesurfacebut______todiffusethroughoutthespaceavailable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tends

B.intends

C.inclines

D.contends

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tend表示“趨向，傾向，照料”，tendto表示“趨向，注意，易于”，指朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展或者有某種品質(zhì)；B項(xiàng)intend表示“打算，想要，意指”，intendto表示“打算做，想要”；C項(xiàng)incline表示“傾向于，（使）傾向于，贊同（某人或某事）”，inclineto表示“傾向于……，向……傾斜”，指傾向于用某種方式思考或者表現(xiàn)，被要求做某事；D項(xiàng)contend表示“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，奮斗，斗爭(zhēng)”，不和to搭配。根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)gas（氣體），結(jié)合but轉(zhuǎn)折后面的動(dòng)詞diffuse（擴(kuò)散）可知，A項(xiàng)“傾向于”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：液體可以保存在一個(gè)開(kāi)放的容器中，并將其裝滿到一個(gè)自由面的水平；氣體沒(méi)有形成自由面，而是傾向于在整個(gè)可用的空間中擴(kuò)散。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thefarmisamajormarketplaceformillionsoftonsofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,andforadvancedmachineryandthefuelrequiredtorunit.Themodemsuper-farm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.Ondiversifiedfarms,majorenergyneedsmaybesuppliedbyresidenthumansandanimals.Soilfertilitymaybemaintainedbyalternatingcashcropsandrestorativecrops,andalsobyreturninganimalmanuretothesoil.Thisfarmingmodelofrelativelyself-sufficientagriculture,andthewayoflifeassociatedwithit,arestilleconomicallyviable，asdemonstratedbyprosperousAmishfarmersandotherpractitionersof“alternative”agriculture.Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagriculturearetheenergy-savingpracticesonlarge“organic”farms,whicharethoroughlymechanizedbutwhichminimizetheuseofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.

Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.Whenfossilenergywascheap,applicationsoffertilizersandpesticidespaidlargedividends,sofarmerswereencouragedtousetheseproducts.Soonmostfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide.Farmersindryregionsenjoyedaneraofcheapwater，obtainedfrompubliclysubsidizedirrigationsystemsorfrompumpinggroundwaterusinginexpensiveenergy.ThesoiltoowasexpendableasdemandgrewforU.S.agriculturalproducts.

Theperiodofextraordinaryprofligacyintheuseofsoil,water,andfossilfuelsmaywellbeatanend.Thenewstructureoflargefarmsisquitesensitivetocostfactors.Theseadaptivefarms,whosedevelopmentwasassistedbypublictax,subsidy,andresearchpolicies,haveaccesstocapital,technologies,andmanagementskills,enablingthemtoswitchrelativelyquicklytoresource-conservingpractices—forexample,toalow-tillagesystemthatrequireslessfuel,thatshepherdssoilmoisture,andthatmayreducesoilerosion.Itseemslikelythatfederalprogramsthathaveenlargedourfarms,therefore,havehadafurtherresultofcreatingthepotentialforamoreconservingagriculture.Withrespecttoenergyuse,forexample,energycostsperunitofoutputarelowerforlargefarms,mainlybecausethesefarmsquicklyeconomizedonenergyascostsrose.Inthefuture,accordingtooneauthoritativeassessment,“agriculturalproductionislikelytousecapitalandlandmoreintensivelybutenergy,fertilizerandlaborlessintensively”.

1.Themaindifferencebetweenthemodemsuper-farmanddiversifiedfarmsliesin（）

2.Thesecondparagraphfocusesonthefactthat（）

3.Theword‘profligacy’inParagraphThreemostprobablymeans（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheproblemofresourceconservationinagriculture（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirsizes

B.themachineryemployed

C.thedegreeofdependenceonresources

D.thekindsofcropscultivatedandanimalsraised

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.fossilenergywasonceverycheap

B.farmsindryareascouldgetcheapwater

C.mostAmericanfarmersusedtoomuchfertilizerandpesticide

D.mainstreamAmericanagricultureusedtobewastefulofenergy,waterandland

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wastefulness

B.carefulness

C.profitability

D.economy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thefarmingmodelandthewayoflifeondiversifiedfarmsareworkable.

B.Large‘organic’farmsuselargeamountsofpesticidesandsyntheticfertilizers.

C.Thenewadaptivefarmsarecapableofresource-conservingpractices.

D.Toreducesoilerosionisaresource-conservingpractice.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeensolvedintheU.S.

B.hasnotyetbeenpaidanyattention

C.isbeingseriouslyandeffectivelydealtwith

D.willsoonbesolvedbyusingmorecapitalandland

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Themodemsuperfarm,largeandhighlycapitalized,isresourcedependentcomparedwiththediversifiedsmallfarmsthatwereoncedominant.”現(xiàn)代超級(jí)農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模大、高度資本化，與曾經(jīng)占主導(dǎo)地位的多樣化的小型農(nóng)場(chǎng)相比，資源依賴性強(qiáng)。因此，兩者的不同主要在于資源依賴的程度不同。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Bycomparison,mainstreamAmericanagriculturehasuntillatelybeencarelessinitsuseofenergy,water,andland.”相比之下，直到最近，美國(guó)主流農(nóng)業(yè)在能源、水和土地的使用上還很粗心。接下來(lái)，作者分別從能源、水和土壤三方面描述了浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.詞義題。第三段的首句是承接上一段的內(nèi)容，第二段主要是講美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)土壤、水和化石燃料的浪費(fèi)。所以profligacy指wastefulness，選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Particularlyrelevanttotoday’smainstreamagricultureare...syntheticfertilizers.”與今天的主流農(nóng)業(yè)特別相關(guān)的是大型“有機(jī)”農(nóng)場(chǎng)的節(jié)能做法，這些農(nóng)場(chǎng)完全機(jī)械化，能夠最大限度地減少農(nóng)藥和合成肥料的使用。所以選項(xiàng)B表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知農(nóng)業(yè)資源保護(hù)問(wèn)題正在得到認(rèn)真有效的解決。選項(xiàng)C正確。

9.單選題

SomescientistshavesuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlife（）forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conservation

B.maintenance

C.storage

D.reserve

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)植物的保護(hù)（抽象概念）”；B選項(xiàng)“維護(hù)，保持”；C選項(xiàng)“貯藏（量）”；D選項(xiàng)“自然保護(hù)區(qū)；居住地”，句意：一些科學(xué)家提出，地球是智能太空生物的一種動(dòng)物園或野生動(dòng)物（），就像我們?cè)诘厍蛏显O(shè)立的荒野區(qū)，讓動(dòng)物在我們觀察時(shí)自然發(fā)展。本句表示“wildlifereserve是野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)區(qū)（具體概念）”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的；發(fā)亮的”。A項(xiàng)“不合理的；不能當(dāng)真的”，B項(xiàng)“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C項(xiàng)“閃爍的”，D項(xiàng)“熱烈贊揚(yáng)的；熱情洋溢的”，因此選C。句意：電流是從一個(gè)電極跳到另一個(gè)電極的發(fā)光電流。

11.單選題

InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallment(分期付款)sincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（1）indicatethatmorethan60percentoftheyearlyretailsales(零售)intheU.S.arecredittransaction.Aboutthreefourthsofthecreditsalesaremadeontheinstallmentplan.Morethanhalfoftheautomobiles,（2）,andhouse-holdappliancesarepurchasedontheinstallmentplan.

Manyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases;（3）,theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofgoodsboughtinthiswayisalways（4）thanthepricethatwouldbepaid（5）cash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerwillhavetopayaproportion（6）,perhapsone-quarterorone-third,ofthepriceasadownpaymentwhenthegoodsaredeliveredtohim.Hethenmakes（7）payments,weeklyormonthly,untilthe（8）priceispaidup.Thelegalownershipofthegoodsremainswiththe（9）untilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

Someeconomistsbelievethatsellinggoodstoconsumersonaninstallmentplanisoneofthemajorfactorsin（10）thehighstandardoflivingpossible.They（11）thatinstallmentsellingincreasestheconsumptionofgoods,whichin（12）increaseproductionandthustendstolowercosts.

However,governmentofficials,andbusinessmenexpress（13）aboutexcessivepurchasingontheinstallmentplan.Ifmanypeopleontheinstallmentplan（14）theirjobs,theywouldprobablynotbeabletomaketheirpayments.Thereispossibility（15）businessmencannotcollecttheirdebtsandwillthereforelosemoney.Ifbusinessmenlosemoneyorfailtomakea（16）profit,thepossibilitiesofhavinga（17）areincreased.Thisis（18）,insomecountries,thegovernmentcontrolstheinstallmentplanby（19）theproportionofthedownpaymentandthesucceedinginstallmenttodiscouragepeople（20）buyingmorethantheycanpayforontheinstallmentplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evacuates

B.Evaluates

C.Evaporates

D.Estimates

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beds

B.chairs

C.desks

D.furniture

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.then

C.however

D.thus

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lower

B.higher

C.more

D.less

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.for

C.with

D.on

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.later

B.last

C.first

D.then

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.swift

B.regular

C.quick

D.slow

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.fundamental

C.high

D.full

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.seller

B.buyer

C.consumer

D.family

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.taking

B.doing

C.making

D.increasing

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.analyze

B.assure

C.reason

D.convince

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.fact

B.shape

C.return

D.turn

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.satisfaction

B.concern

C.anger

D.groan

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.lost

B.got

C.did

D.accepted

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.and

C.whose

D.that

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.satisfactory

B.eligible

C.disastrous

D.elementary

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.expression

B.impression

C.depression

D.suppression

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.that

C.how

D.why

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.paying

B.fixing

C.having

D.adopting

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.into

B.from

C.with

D.by

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:D

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查詞性辨析。A選項(xiàng)Evacuates“疏散；撤退”，動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)Evaluates“評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估”，動(dòng)詞；C選項(xiàng)Evaporates“蒸發(fā)；消失”，動(dòng)詞；D選項(xiàng)Estimates“評(píng)價(jià)；估量”，可作動(dòng)詞也可作為名詞使用。句意：……表明每年零售額的60%以上零售在美國(guó)是信用交易。由空格后的動(dòng)詞indicate可知應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作句子的主語(yǔ)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)beds“床”；B選項(xiàng)chairs“椅子”；C選項(xiàng)desks“桌子”；D選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”。句意：一半以上的汽車(chē)、……和家用電器是用分期付款的方式購(gòu)買(mǎi)的。根據(jù)并列詞and可知中間應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)名詞。前面的automobiles“汽車(chē)”和后面的house-holdappliances“家用電器”都是一類(lèi)事物的統(tǒng)稱，因?yàn)閒urniture“家具”可以進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一概括。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)therefore“因此”；B選項(xiàng)then“然后；那么”；C選項(xiàng)however“然而；但是”；D選項(xiàng)thus“因此”。句意：許多家庭可以存足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)商品，……他們可以用分期付款的方式購(gòu)物?？崭袂耙痪銶anyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases說(shuō)到許多家庭可以存足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)購(gòu)買(mǎi)物品，后一句theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan說(shuō)到的卻是他們可以用分期付款的方式購(gòu)物。前一句說(shuō)可以現(xiàn)金購(gòu)買(mǎi)，后一句談及了另一種付款方式。由此可知，兩句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.考查語(yǔ)義邏輯。A選項(xiàng)lower“更低”；B選項(xiàng)higher“更高”；C選項(xiàng)more“更多”；D選項(xiàng)less“更少”。句意：用這種方法購(gòu)買(mǎi)的商品價(jià)格總是……用現(xiàn)金支付的價(jià)格。由此可知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入修飾價(jià)格的形容詞。由此可排除C，D選項(xiàng)?？吹胶笠痪銽hereisachargeforinterest.這種方式會(huì)收取利息，所以價(jià)格會(huì)更高。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面；以……方式”；B選項(xiàng)for“為了；對(duì)于”；C選項(xiàng)with“具有；和……在一起”；D選項(xiàng)on“在……上面”。句意：用這種方法購(gòu)買(mǎi)的商品價(jià)格總是高于用現(xiàn)金支付的價(jià)格。固定搭配incash“用現(xiàn)金（購(gòu)買(mǎi)）”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)later“稍后”；B選項(xiàng)last“最后”；C選項(xiàng)first“首先”；D選項(xiàng)then“然后”。句意：買(mǎi)方在收到貨物時(shí)須……支付一定比例的貨款，也許是四分之一或三分之一，作為定金。由關(guān)鍵詞downpayment“預(yù)付定金”，接著下一句接用上了then“然后”。由此可知分期付款的方式是拿到物品后先付一部分定金，接下來(lái)可選擇按周或者按月償還。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)swift“迅速的；敏捷的”；B選項(xiàng)regular“有規(guī)律的；定期的”；C選項(xiàng)quick“快的；迅速的”；D選項(xiàng)slow“慢的；減速的”。句意：然后他會(huì)……付款，每周或每月的。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息weeklyormonthly“每周或者每月”是一個(gè)固定的周期，可知他需要定期支付。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)complete“完整的；完全的”；B選項(xiàng)fundamental“基本的；根本的”；C選項(xiàng)high“高的”；D選項(xiàng)full“完全的；完整的”。句意：然后他定期付款，每周或每月，直到……付清。由分期付款的原則可知可以定期還款，直到還清全部的費(fèi)用。固定搭配fullprice“全額”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)seller“賣(mài)方”；B選項(xiàng)buyer“買(mǎi)方”；C選項(xiàng)consumer“消費(fèi)者”；D選項(xiàng)family“家庭”。句意：在付清最后一筆貨款之前，貨物的所有權(quán)屬于……。根據(jù)常識(shí)可以知道，在未付完全款前，意味著商品的所有權(quán)還在賣(mài)家手中。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)taking“拿；取下”；B選項(xiàng)doing“做”；C選項(xiàng)making“制作”；D選項(xiàng)increasing“增加”。句意：一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，用分期付款的方式向消費(fèi)者銷(xiāo)售商品是提高生活水平的主要因素之一。由前面的介詞in可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的ing形式，后面的thehighstandardofliving是動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，而possible是賓補(bǔ)，所有選項(xiàng)中只有make能夠接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)analyze“分析；解析”；B選項(xiàng)assure“保證；擔(dān)?！?；C選項(xiàng)reason“推論；推理”；D選項(xiàng)convince“說(shuō)服；使信服”。句意：他們……分期付款，銷(xiāo)售增加了商品的消費(fèi)，消費(fèi)增加了，反過(guò)來(lái)促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)，因此有利于降低成本。這是對(duì)分期付款帶來(lái)影響的一個(gè)完整的推理。而analyze一般是指為了發(fā)現(xiàn)本質(zhì)特征或意義，仔細(xì)考慮并進(jìn)行分析，而在本句中并沒(méi)有細(xì)分成幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)fact“事實(shí)”；B選項(xiàng)shape“形狀”；C選項(xiàng)return“返回；歸還”；D選項(xiàng)turn“轉(zhuǎn)彎；變化”。句意：商品的消費(fèi)增加了，……促進(jìn)了生產(chǎn)。是在說(shuō)消費(fèi)反作用于生產(chǎn)力。inturn“反過(guò)來(lái)”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)satisfaction“滿意；滿足”；B選項(xiàng)concern“擔(dān)心；憂慮”；C選項(xiàng)anger“憤怒”；D選項(xiàng)groan“呻吟；嘆息”。句意：然而，政府官員和商人對(duì)過(guò)度的分期付款購(gòu)物表示……。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞匯excessive“過(guò)多的”。任何事情都需要有一個(gè)度，太多了會(huì)適得其反。由此可知政府官員和商人會(huì)對(duì)過(guò)度的分期付款有些擔(dān)憂。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lost“失去；丟掉”；B選項(xiàng)got“得到；明白”；C選項(xiàng)did“做”；D選項(xiàng)accepted“接受；接納”。句意：如果許多人用分期付款的方式……他們的工作了，他們可能就無(wú)法支付款項(xiàng)。根據(jù)后面的notbeabletomaketheirpayments“沒(méi)能力付清款項(xiàng)”，一般在他們沒(méi)了收入來(lái)源后，會(huì)沒(méi)有能力償還，所以此處應(yīng)該是失去了他們的工作。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)which“哪一個(gè)”；B選項(xiàng)and“和；而且”；C選項(xiàng)whose“誰(shuí)的”；D選項(xiàng)that“那個(gè)”。句意：商人們有可能收不回債務(wù)，因此蒙受損失。前面的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整（主系表），后面的也是個(gè)完整的句子，因此此處需要填入that引導(dǎo)從句作possibility的同位語(yǔ)。

16.考查名詞解析。A選項(xiàng)satisfactory“滿意的”；B選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的；符合條件的（一般指某人有資格做某事）”；C選項(xiàng)disastrous“災(zāi)難性的；損失慘重的”；D選項(xiàng)elementary“基本的；初級(jí)的（一般表示處于或與學(xué)習(xí)課程的第一階段有關(guān)的或者是簡(jiǎn)單的）”。句意：如果商人賠錢(qián)或沒(méi)有賺到……利潤(rùn)。前面說(shuō)的是losemoney“賠錢(qián)”與or連接，表并列，一般為不好的結(jié)果。做生意最差的結(jié)果就是虧了或者沒(méi)有獲得滿意的利潤(rùn)。BCD在這里不符合語(yǔ)境，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expression“表現(xiàn)；表情”；B選項(xiàng)impression“印象；效果”；C選項(xiàng)depression“沮喪；不景氣”；D選項(xiàng)suppression“抑制；鎮(zhèn)壓”。句意：如果商人賠錢(qián)或不能獲得基本的利潤(rùn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)……的可能性會(huì)增加。由句意可知，當(dāng)行情不好的時(shí)候，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條的現(xiàn)象。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)because“因?yàn)椤保籅選項(xiàng)that“由于；以至于”；C選項(xiàng)how“如何”；D選項(xiàng)why“為什么”。句意：“這是……，在一些國(guó)家，政府控制分期付款。前面說(shuō)到了當(dāng)人失業(yè)后，可能就無(wú)法償還款項(xiàng)。商人也因此蒙受虧損，更有可能引起經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，所以政府控制分期付款。也即是解釋政府為什么會(huì)控制分期付款的原因，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paying“支付”；B選項(xiàng)fixing“固定；解決”；C選項(xiàng)having“有；擁有”；D選項(xiàng)adopting“采??；接受；收養(yǎng)”。句意：這就是為什么在一些國(guó)家，政府通過(guò)……首付與以后分期付款的比例來(lái)控制分期付款計(jì)劃。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息controlstheinstallmentplan“控制分期付款計(jì)劃”可以知道政府是想要固定好首付和分期付款的比例，從而避免過(guò)大的虧損。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)into“到……里面；朝”；B選項(xiàng)from“來(lái)自；使……免遭”；C選項(xiàng)with“和……一起；具有”；D選項(xiàng)by“通過(guò)；借由”。句意：這就是為什么在一些國(guó)家，政府通過(guò)控制首付與以后分期付款的比例控制分期付款計(jì)劃來(lái)勸阻人們不要在分期付款時(shí)購(gòu)買(mǎi)超出他們支付能力的東西。固定搭配discouragesb.fromsth.“阻止某人做某事”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Thepressisconstantlyremindingusthatthedramaticincreaseintheageofourpopulationoverthenext30orsoyearswillcausenationalhealthcaresystemstocollapse,economiestocrumpleunderthestrainofpensiondemandsanddisintegratingfamiliestobuckleunderincreasingcarecommitments.YetresearchatOxfordisbeginningtoexposesomeofthewidespreadmythsthatunderliethisrhetoric.Demographicagingisundoubtedlyareality.Lifeexpectancyindevelopedcountrieshasrisencontinuouslyoverthepastcentury,increasingthepercentageofthoseovertheageof60relativetothoseundertheageof15.By2030halfthepopulationofWesternEuropewillbeovertheageof50,withapredictedaveragelifeexpectancyofafurther40years.Bythen,aquarterofthepopulationwillbeover65andby2050theUK’scurrentnumbersof10,000centenariansarepredictedtohavereachedaquarterofamillion.SomedemographershaveevensuggestedthathalfofallbabygirlsbomintheWesttodaywilllivetoseethenextcentury.

（1）

Indeed,ifthiscouldbeachievedthroughouttheworld,itwouldsurelycountasthesuccessofcivilization,forthenwewouldalsohaveconqueredthekillersofpoverty,disease,famineandwar.

Decreasingmortalityratesincreasinglongevityanddecliningfertilitymeansmallerpercentagesofyoungpeoplewithinpopulations.Overthepast20yearslifeexpectancyatbirthintheUKhasrisenbyfouryearsformen(to75)andthreeyearsforwomen(to80).MeanwhilefertilityratesacrossEuropehavedeclinedmoreorlesscontinuouslyoverthepast40yearsandremainwellbelowthelevelsrequiredforEuropeanpopulationstobeabletoreplacethemselveswithoutsubstantiveimmigration.Butagain,ratherthanseeingthisasadoomandgloomscenario,weneedtoexplorethepositiveaspectsofthesedemographics.Thenext50yearsshouldprovideuswithallopportunitytoenjoythemanyadvantagesofasocietywithamaturepopulationstructure.

（2）

ThefirstoftheseisthecurrentpoliticalrhetoricwhichclaimsthathealthservicesacrosstheWesternWorldarecollapsingunderthestrainofdemographicageing.

（3）

Thesecondmythistheviewthattheratioofworkerstonon-workerswillbecomesoacutethatWesterneconomieswillcollapse,compoundedbyamassivegrowthinpensiondebt,Whilethereareundoubtedconcernsovercurrentpensionshortfalls,itisalsoclearthatworkingliveswillthemselveschangeoverthenextfewdecades,withapredictedincreaseinflexibleandpart.Timeworkandtheprobableextensionofworkinglifeuntiltheageof70.Indeed,wehavetorecognizethatwecannotexpecttoretireattheageof50andthenbeabletosupportourselvesforanother40orsoyear.Neitherasolidpensionschemenorsavingscancarrypeoplethatlong.

（4）

Afurthermythisthatwewillallliveinloose,multigenerationalfamilies,experiencingincreasedemotionaldistancingfromourkin.Evidencefromavarietyofstudiesacrossthedevelopedworldsuggeststhat,ifanything,themodernfamilyisactuallybecomingmoreclose-knit.WorkcarriedoutbytheOxfordInstituteinScandinaviaandinaPan-EuropeanFamilyCareStudy,forexample,showsthatdespitetheinfluenceofthewelfarestate,overthepast10years,peoplehavecometovaluefamilyrelationshipsmorethanpreviously.

（5）

Inthedevelopedworldtherefore,wecanseeactualbenefitsfrompopulationaging:abetterbalancebetweenagegroups,matureandlessvolatilesocieties,withanemphasisonageintegration.Theissueswillbeverydifferentinotherpartsoftheworld.

Hereinlaysanothermyth:thatthelessdevelopedworldwillescapeformdemographicaging.Instead,themassiveincreaseintheageofpopulationsfacingthesecountries-predictedtobeuptoonebillionolderpeoplewithin30years-ispotentiallydevastating.TheproblemisnotonlythatdemographicagingisoccurringatafargreaterpacethanwehaveseeninWesternnations,butalsothatfewifanydevelopingcountrieshavetheeconomicdevelopmentandinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidewidespreadpublicpensionsandhealthcaretothesegrowingelderlypopulations.

Asaresult,olderpeopleareamongthepoorestineverydevelopingcountry.Theyhavethelowestlevelsofincome,educationandliteracy,theylacksavingsandassets,haveonlylimitedaccesstowork,andevenintimesofcrisisareusuallythelasttobecaredforunderemergencyaidprograms.Perhapsofmostconcernishealthcare,forasweconqueracutediseases,wearegoingtoseearapidincreaseinlevelsofchronicillnessanddisability,butnolong-termcareprogrammesorfacilitiestotacklethis.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sinceitislikelythatalongeractiveworkinglifewillcoincidewithapredictedlaborshortageresultingfromalackofyoungerworkers,weneedtoprovidetheopportunitiesandtrainingtoencourageoldermenandwomentoremaineconomicallyproductive.Ourstudiesshowthattherearebenefitsfromhavinganage-integratedworkforce.Itisanothermyththatolderworkersarelessproductivethanyoungerones.Infact,thecombinedenergyofyoungerworkerswiththeexperienceofolderonescanleadtoincreasedproductivitysomethingfromwhichyoungandoldalikewillbenefit

B.In2001.Inrecognitionofthesignificanceofthesedemographicchangesandtheglobalchallengesandopportunitiesthatwillaccompanythem,theOxfordInstituteofAgingwasestablishedattheUniversity.Itismadeupofresearchersindemography,sociology,economics,socialanthropology,philosophyandpsychology,withlinkstootherspecialistsinmedicine,biology,lawandpolicyinresearchunitsacrosstheUniversity.Thiscross-disciplinaryapproachhas