考研考博-英語-安徽黃梅戲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽黃梅戲藝術(shù)職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（細微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

問題1選項

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

問題2選項

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

問題3選項

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

問題4選項

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

問題5選項

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文主要講述了不同人士（Joseph，電腦老師等）對黑客的看法，故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.從這個角度來看，黑客現(xiàn)象也許并沒有那么奇怪。可知該題答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情。麻省理工學院教授邁克爾?德圖佐斯表示:“在麻省理工學院，那個曾經(jīng)不得不被人從椅子上拽下來的黑客，如今已成為計算機行業(yè)的千萬富翁?！眱晌磺昂诳统蔀榱朔浅３晒Φ奶O果家用電腦公司的創(chuàng)始人。”可知這些黑客都成為了計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士，他們都是想控制電腦。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情?！笨芍狢項“這些黑客可能對于未來比其他人有更好的洞察力”正確。

4.詞義題。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她說，電腦和電腦玩具已經(jīng)在孩子們努力發(fā)展特性的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用，因為它們可以讓孩子們測試關(guān)于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通過尋找答案來發(fā)展自己的特性。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。作者在本文提到了黑客有著與普通人不一樣的洞察力，他們會把程序編得很復雜，目的只是為了控制電腦。并且文中提到了不少黑客已經(jīng)成為計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客與大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描繪的黑客形象并沒有那么惡劣。故A項正確。

2.單選題

Technologicaldevelopments（）newskillsinmanyindustries，leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.

問題1選項

A.necessitate

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項necessitate“使成為必要，需要”，B選項associate“聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系”，C選項negotiate“談判，商議”，D選項differentiate“區(qū)分，使有差別”。句意：技術(shù)的發(fā)展使許多行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了新技能，使那些擁有過時技能的工人失業(yè)。因此，A選項符合句意。

3.單選題

WithsomuchfocusontheOhioenergyfirmwhoselapsesmayhavetriggeredtheblackoutof2003,it’sbeenhardtorememberthattherealquestionisnothowitstarted,butwhyitspreadsofarandsofast.Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.Alloftheseareborrowedfromthephysicalsciences.Maybeabetterwaytolookatitisinbiologicalterms.

Wealreadyusethelanguageofepidemiologywhenwespeakof“viruses”propagatingacrosstheInternet,“infecting”ourcomputer.Likewise,it’stemptingtoviewtheblackout,spreadingfromlinktolinkalongthepowergrid,asaperniciouskindofelectricalcontagion.Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.

Justasthesymptomsofasevereallergicreactionarecausednotbytheoffendingbeewhostingsitselfbutbytheoverzealousresponseofthebody’simmunesystemtoit,sotheblackoutwasaggravatedbythegrid’sattempttodefenditself,onepowerstationatatime.Threatenedbyatorrentofelectricalenergygoneberserkeroverwhelmedbythesuddenloadsplacedonit,eachpowerplantinturntrippeditscircuitbreakers,detachingitselffromthegrid.Thoughthisstrategyachieveditsdesiredaim-savingeachplant’sgeneratorfrombeingdamaged—itwastoomyopictoservethebestinterestsofthegridasawhole.

Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.Whenourownimmunesystemsareperformingattheirbest,theyorchestratetheirdefensesthroughcountlesschemicalconversationsamongT-cellsandantibodies,enablingthesedefenderstocalibratetheirresponsetopathogens.Inthesameway,thethousandsofpowerplantssubstationsinthegridneedtobeabletocommunicatewithoneanotherwhenanypartofthesystemisbreached,sotheycancollectivelydecidewhichcircuitbreakersshouldbetrippedandwhichcansafelyremainintact.

Thetechnologynecessarytoachievethishasexistedforaboutadecade.Itreliesoncomputer,sensorsandprotectivedevicestiedtogetherbyopticalfibersothatallpartsofthegridwouldbeabletotalktooneanotheratthespeedoflight-fastenoughtogetaheadofanonrushingblackoutandconfineit.

Thesensorswouldcontinuouslymonitorthevoltage,frequencyandotherimportantcharacteristicsoftheelectricitycoursingthroughthetransmissionlines.Whenalineappearedatriskofbeingoverloaded,acomputerwoulddecidewhethertoswitchonaprotectivedevice.Atpresent,suchdecisionsaremadepurelyparochially.Powerplantsdefendthemselvesfirst,anddon’tworryabouttheconsequencesforneighboringplantsonthegrid.Nordotheyconsideranypotentiallyhelpfulorharmfulactionsthatthoseneighborsmightbetakingatthesametime.

Inthenewapproach,eachplantwouldhavenearlyinstantaneousinformationaboutalltheotherplantsandpowerlinesinitsextendedneighborhood.Everyonewouldknowwhateveryoneelsewasdoingandthinking.Asthreatsarose(eitherfromrandomfailuresormaliciousattacks),thesensorswouldfireaflurryofwarningsignalsdowntheopticalfibers,andthenetworkedcomputerswoulddecidewhichprotectivedevicestoactivatetocontainthethreatmosteffectively.Thegridwouldthenberespondingasanintegratedentity,notasaragtagcollectionofselfishunits.Itwouldlookalotlikeanorganismdefendingitself.

Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.Buttheconstructionofasystemwideimmunenetworkwouldbewellworththecost.Withoutit,ouroverburdenedgridislikelytofailmoreandmoreoften,andmightevencollapse,withcoststhatwouldbeincalculable,botheconomicallyandintermsofnationalsecurity.Stateandfederalgovernmentsneedtostepinandprovideincentivesforutilitiestodotherightthing.

Ofcourse,evenifthisnewkindofsmartdefensesystemweretobebuiltsomeday,onecanalreadyimagineaninsidiousdisorderthatmighteventuallyoutsmartitandafflictit,acatastrophicdisruptionoftheimmunesystemitself,ratherthanthegridit’ssupposedtoprotect.SuchathingwouldbethetechnologicalanalogofAIDS.

Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.Weneedtostoppretendingthatthegridisevergoingtobeaperfectiblemachine.Justasbacteriaeventuallydevelopresistancetotheantibioticsusedtokillthem,thedefenseofthegridwillrequireever-moreinventivestrategiesonourpart.Weshouldrecognizethatthepowergridneedstoevolveandadapt,justlikeanyothersuccessfullivingcreature.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,whichofthefollowingisanappropriatedescriptionforwhytheblackoutof2003spreadsofarandsofast?（）

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheviewsmadebymostcommentatorsontheblackoutof2003is

（）.

3.Thearticlesaysthebestwaytopreventsuchablackoutfromhappeninginthefutureisto（）.

4.Settingupadistributedcontrolsystemforthegridwouldbe（）.

5.Thearticlepointsoutthattheproposedpreventivemeasuresagainstblackouts（）.

問題1選項

A.Acascadingfailure.

B.Anelectricalcontagion.

C.Asevereallergicreaction.

D.Anattackbyviruses.

問題2選項

A.positive

B.negative

C.neutral

D.sarcastic

問題3選項

A.developanewsystemtocoordinateallplants

B.buildabettersystemtomakeeachplantmoresensitive

C.makeeachplantmoreindependentofotherplants

D.suspendpowerwhenthesystemisoverloaded

問題4選項

A.welcomedbyallenergycompanies

B.unattractivetoenergycompanies

C.uselesstopreventsuchablackout

D.harmfultonationalsecurity

問題5選項

A.mustcauseacatastrophicdisruptionofthepowergrid

B.aregoingtobeperfectthroughrepeatedpractice

C.appeartoberealisticbutinfactarenotfeasible

D.areejectedtoimproveastimegoesby

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（這是一個連鎖反應(yīng)，一個連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”和第二段“Theblackoutwasnotcausedbyaninfectiouselectricaldisease;itwascausedbythegrid’simmuneresponsetothethreatofsuchadisease.Inotherwords,thegridsufferedaviolentallergicreaction,asortofanaphylacticshock.（這次停電并不是由傳染性電疾病引起的；它是由網(wǎng)格對這種疾病威脅的免疫反應(yīng)引起的。換句話說，電網(wǎng)遭受了劇烈的過敏反應(yīng)，一種過敏性休克。）”由此可知這次停電是一次過敏反應(yīng)。A選項“連鎖故障”；B選項“電傳染病”；D選項“病毒攻擊”說法都不正確，只有C選項“嚴重的過敏反應(yīng)”符合題意，因此C選項正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Ratherthantacklethatquestionhead-on,mostcommentatorshavereachedfortheusualmetaphors:itwasachainreaction,acascadingfailuresdominoeffect.（大多數(shù)評論家沒有正面回答這個問題，而是用了一些常見的比喻：這是一個連鎖反應(yīng)，一個連鎖失敗的多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)。）”以及第二段作者說到“Butthat’snotquitetherightmetaphor,either.（但這也不是一個正確的比喻。）”，由此可知作者并不認同多數(shù)評論家的比喻。A選項“積極的”不正確；B選項“消極的”正確；C選項“中立的”以及D選項“諷刺的”都不是作者的態(tài)度，因此B選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Whatisneededisamoresubtle,coordinatedmodeofresponse.（現(xiàn)在需要的是一種更微妙、更協(xié)調(diào)的反應(yīng)模式。）”。A選項“開發(fā)一個新的系統(tǒng)來協(xié)調(diào)所有的發(fā)電廠”；C選項“讓每個發(fā)電廠獨立于其他電廠”和D選項“系統(tǒng)過載時暫停供電”都不符合題意，只有B選項“建立一個更好的系統(tǒng)，使每個發(fā)電廠更加靈敏”符合題意，因此B選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Granted,suchadistributedcontrolsystemwouldcostbillionsofdollarsand,inthiseraofderegulation,therewouldbelittleincentiveforenergycompaniestojoinforcesandbuildit,especiallywhenthebigmoneyisinpowergeneration.（誠然，這樣一個分布式控制系統(tǒng)將花費數(shù)十億美元，而且在這個放松管制的時代，能源公司將沒有什么動力聯(lián)合起來建設(shè)它，尤其是當最大的錢在發(fā)電上的時候。）”，由此可知該分布式控制系統(tǒng)并不受能源公司的歡迎。A選項“受到所有能源公司的歡迎”說法錯誤；B選項“對能源公司沒有吸引力”說法正確；C選項“阻止這樣的停電是沒有用的”以及D選項“危害國家安全”文中均沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十段“Agrimprospect,perhaps,butarealisticone.（也許前景黯淡，但卻是現(xiàn)實的。）”，由此可知雖然該措施看起來可行，但是前景黯淡。A選項“一定會對電網(wǎng)造成災(zāi)難性的破壞”；B選項“通過反復的練習會變得完美”；D選項“隨著時間的推移被逐出改善”都不符合題意，只有C選項“看似現(xiàn)實，實則不可行”符合題意，因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Theirroomwasonthethirdfloor,itswindow______thesportsground.

問題1選項

A.overlooks

B.overlooking

C.overlooked

D.tooverlook

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他們的房間在三樓，從窗戶可以俯瞰運動場。逗號前句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，逗號后闡述的對象換成itswindow并且和overlook構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，但是沒有引導詞來構(gòu)成從句，確定考查獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)itswindow和overlook構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，確定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，B選項overlooking符合題意。A選項overlooks是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)，C選項overlooked是過去分詞，表示被動，D選項tooverlook是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示目的。因此B選項正確。

5.不定項選擇題

Mostpeoplecanrememberaphonenumberforuptothirtyseconds.Whenthisshortamountoftimepasses,however,thenumbersareerasedfromthememory.Howdidtheinformationgetthereinthefirstplace?Informationthatmakesitswaytotheshorttermmemory(STM)doessoviathesensorystoragearea.ThebrainhasafilterwhichonlyallowsstimulationthatisofimmediateinteresttopassontotheSTM,alsoknownastheworkingmemory.

Thereismuchdebateaboutthecapacityanddurationoftheshorttermmemory.ThemostacceptedtheorycomesfromGeorgeA.Miller,acognitivepsychologistwhosuggestedthathumanscanrememberapproximatelysevenchunksofinformation.Achunkisdefinedasameaningfulunitofinformation,suchasawordornameratherthanjustaletterornumber.Moderntheoristssuggestthatonecanincreasethecapacityoftheshorttermmemorybychunking,orclassifyingsimilarinformationtogether.Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM,andimprovethechancesofamemorybeingpassedontolongtermstorage.

Whenmakingaconsciousefforttomemorizesomething,suchasinformationforanexam,manypeopleengagein“roterehearsal”.Byrepeatingsomethingoverandoveragain,weareabletokeepamemoryalive.Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.Assoonasapersonstopsrehearsingtheinformation,ithasthetendencytodisappear.Whenapenandpaperarenothandy,youmightattempttorememberaphonenumberbyrepeatingitaloud.Ifthedoorbellringsorthedogbarkstocomeinbeforeyougettheopportunitytomakeyourphonecall,youwillforgetthenumberinstantly.Therefore,roterehearsalisnotanefficientwaytopassinformationfromtheshorttermtolongtermmemory.Abetterwayistopractice“elaboraterehearsal”.Thisinvolvesassigningsemanticmeaningtoapieceofinformationsothatitcanbefiledalongwithotherpre-existinglongtermmemories.

Encodinginformationsemanticallyalsomakesitmoreretrievable.Retrievinginformationcanbedonebyrecognitionorrecall.Humanscanrecallmemoriesthatarestoredinthelongtermmemoryandusedoften.However,ifamemoryseemstobeforgotten,itmayeventuallyberetrievedbyprompting.Themorecuesapersonisgiven(suchaspictures),themorelikelyamemorycanberetrieved.Thisiswhymultiplechoicetestsareoftenusedforsubjectsthatrequirealotofmemorization.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howdomemoriesgettransferredtotheSTM?

2.Howdotheoristsbelieveapersoncanremembermoreinformationinashorttime?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionadog’sbark?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutretrievinginformation?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.Theyrevertfromthelongtermmemory.

B.Theyarefilteredfromthesensorystoragearea.

C.Theygetchunkedwhentheyenterthebrain.

D.Theyenterviathenervoussystem.

問題2選項

A.Byorganizingit.

B.Byrepeatingit.

C.Bygivingitaname.

D.Bywritingitdownonpaper.

問題3選項

A.Toexemplifypoormemory.

B.Toanalyzeatypeofinterruption.

C.Tocomparehumanmemorywithdogs’memory.

D.Toillustratethelackofefficiencyofroterehearsal.

問題4選項

A.Elaboraterehearsalcontributestoinformationretrieval.

B.Themostefficientwayofretrievinginformationistoassignsemanticmeaningtotheinformation.

C.It’simpossibletoretrieveforgotteninformationwithoutpictureprompts.

D.Encodinginformationismoreefficientthanchunkingit.

問題5選項

A.One’smemorycapacitycanbeenhancedbyroterehearsal.

B.Puttinginformationtowritingissuggestedtoimprovememory.

C.Providingsufficientpromptshelpsinformationretrieval.

D.Multiplechoiceexamsarethemostdifficult.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干中的STM可以將答案定位到文章第一段第四句。本題問記憶是如何進入短時記憶中的。第一段第四句提到，“進入短時記憶的信息是通過感覺儲存區(qū)域傳遞到那里的?！辈⒃谙挛慕忉屨f，“大腦有一個過濾機制，只允許當下有用的刺激通過，傳遞到短時記憶中。”由此可見，選項B“它們從感覺儲存區(qū)域被過濾”是正確答案。其他三項文中均未提及。

第2題:細節(jié)題。題干說科學家認為普通人如何在短時間內(nèi)記住更多的信息？通過題干我們可以定位到第二段，第二段的主旨就是講如何記住更多的信息，我們再看到第二段的最后一句，“Byorganizinginformation,onecanimprovetheSTM…”這里提示了我們答案為A，也就是重新組織我們需要記憶的東西可以幫助我們提升短時間的記憶容量。

第3題:作者意圖題。問題是：作者寫“狗叫”的目的是什么，前文我們可以看到，“Unfortunately,thistypeofmemorymaintenanceonlysucceedsiftherearenointerruptions.”，作者說這種類型的記憶一旦被打斷就會被忘掉，之后舉例給了一個情景來描述這個現(xiàn)象，他說當一個人在想通過重復讀來記下一個電話號碼時，如果被門鈴或狗叫打斷，那么他就會忘記那個他一直通過重復朗讀而記下來的號碼；那么這里的“dogbark”就是一種打斷的方式，因此B正確。

第4題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞我們定位到最后一段，A項就是上文講的重點，因此保留；B項不對，這個方法確實是方法之一，但是文章并沒有說它是最有效的；C項與原文正好相反；D項為無關(guān)項，因此答案為A。

第5題:細節(jié)推斷題。問選項正確與否，我們需要四個選項都看。A項，死記硬背在第二段就被作者否定了，因為一旦被打斷就無法記住，因此A錯誤；B項是無關(guān)項，全文都沒有提過要寫下來信息，因此B錯誤；C項是正確的，最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句是提示點；D項錯誤，文章只是說多選題可以考查的信息比較多，但是并沒有說它是最難的，沒有論據(jù)支持，錯誤，答案為C。

6.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問題1選項

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A選項“紀念”；B選項“尋找，搜尋”；C選項“控制，管理”；D選項“需要”，根據(jù)句意‘我們?nèi)匀辉诳刂七@里的一切，但我不能保證這個情況會這樣持續(xù)下去’確定C選項正確。

7.單選題

MostAmericansbelievethatoursocietyofconsumption-happy,fun-loving,jet-travelingpeoplecreatesthegreatesthappinessforthegreatestnumber.Contrarytothisview,Ibelievethatourpresentwayoflifeleadstoincreasinganxiety,helplessand,eventually,tothedisintegrationofourculture.Irefusetoidentifyfunwithpleasure,excitementwithjoy,businesswithhappiness,orthefaceless,buck-passing"organizationman"withanindependentindividual.

Fromthiscriticalviewourratesofalcoholism,suicideanddivorce,aswellasjuveniledelinquency,gangrule,actsofviolenceandindifferencetolife,arecharacteristicsymptomsofour“pathologyofnormalcy”.Itmaybearguedthatallthesepathologicalphenomenaexistbecausewehavenotyetreachedouraim,thatofanaffluentsociety.Itistrue,wearestillfarfrombeinganaffluentsociety.Butthematerialprogressmadeinthelastdecadesallowsustohopethatoursystemmighteventuallyproduceamateriallyaffluentsociety.Yetwillwebehappierthen?TheexampleofSweden,oneofthemostprosperous,democraticandpeacefulEuropeancountries,isnotveryencouraging:Sweden,asisoftenpointedout,inspiteofallitsmaterialsecurityhasthehighestalcoholismandsuicideratesinEurope,whileamuchpoorercountrylikeIrelandranksamongthelowestintheserespects.Coulditbethatourdreamthatmaterialwelfareperseleadstohappinessisjustapipedream?

Certainlythehumanistthinkersoftheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,whoareourideologicalancestors,thoughtthatthegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch.Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend.itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster.

Eachsocietycreatesitsowntypeofpersonalitybyitswayofbringingupchildreninthefamily,byitssystemofeducation,byitseffectivevalues(thatis,thosevaluesthatarerewardedratherthanonlypreached.)Everysocietycreatesthetypesof“socialcharacter”whichisneededforitsproperfunctioning.Itformsmenwhowanttodowhattheyhavetodo.Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?

Itneedsmenwhocooperatesmoothlyinlargegroups,whowanttoconsumemoreandmoreandwhosetastesarestandardizedandcanbeeasilyinfluencedandanticipated.Itneedsmenwhofeelfreeandindependent,yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected,tofitintothesocialmachinewithoutfriction;menwhocanbeguidedwithoutforce,ledwithoutleaders,promptedwithoutanaimexcepttheaimtobeonthemove,tofunction,togoahead.

1.TheauthorusestheexampleofSwedeninthesecondparagraphtoshowthat（）.

2.Comparedwiththinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies,peopletoday（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichtypeofindividualmightbemostwelcomeintoday’ssociety?

5.Theauthorwritesthisarticleto（）.

問題1選項

A.anaffluencesocietywillbefreefromthosepathologicalphenomena

B.SwedenisabettersocietythananyotherinEurope

C.aprosperouscountywillhavehigheralcoholismandsuicideratesthanapoorcountry

D.happinesshasnothingtodowithmaterialwelfare

問題2選項

A.aremoreconcernedabouthowtobringintofullplaypeople'spotentials

B.carelessaboutthematerialthingsoflifethanaboutthespiritualthings

C.regardmaterialthingsthemostimportantinlife

D.haveabsolutecontroloftheworld

問題3選項

A.theauthorstronglyopposeseconomicproduction

B.theauthorisinfavoroftheideologyofthethinkersofthe18thand19thcenturies

C.theauthorisafollowerofNietzsche

D.theauthorthinksthatprioritiesshouldbegiventoeconomicproduction

問題4選項

A.Peoplewhoarerebellious

B.Peoplewhohavetheorganizingability.

C.Peoplewhoareconformists.

D.Peoplewhocanoperatemachinesproperly.

問題5選項

A.describe

B.inform

C.narrate

D.comment

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提出了問題:物質(zhì)進步和人們的幸福之間是否有聯(lián)系？隨后通過列舉Sweden的例子進行了回答:TheexampleofSweden...isnotveryencouraging(發(fā)生在瑞典的例子卻并不是那么振奮人心)。由此可知瑞典的例子說明了物質(zhì)的富裕與人們的幸福之間沒有直接聯(lián)系。因此D項“幸福與物質(zhì)福利沒有多大關(guān)系”正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。A:更關(guān)注如何充分發(fā)揮人的潛能。B:不重視物質(zhì)生活而更重視精神生活。C:視物質(zhì)財富為生命中最重要的事。D:已經(jīng)絕對掌控世界。第三段指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofmannotanend.Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends(對于他們來說，經(jīng)濟成果是展現(xiàn)個人潛能的方式，而不是個人潛能的終結(jié)。但是如今，這種展現(xiàn)個人潛能的方式似乎已經(jīng)不存在了)。以及:...manisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(人死了，活著的是組織和機器；人成了它們的奴隸，而不是主人)。由此可知，A項和D項錯誤。B項不符合原文所述。因此C項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。第三段開頭先是介紹了18、19世紀人文思想家的觀點:thegoaloflifewasthefullfoldingofaperson'spotentialities;whatmatteredtothemwasthepersonwhoismuch,nottheonewhohasmuchorusesmuch(人生的目標是充分展示個人潛在的能力；對他們來說重要的是人本身的價值，而并非占有和使用才是人的價值)。而后指出:Forthemeconomicproductionwasameanstotheunfoldingofman,notanend(對于他們來說，經(jīng)濟成果是展現(xiàn)個人潛能的方式，而不是個人潛能的終結(jié))。此后是轉(zhuǎn)折部分:Itseemsthattodaythemeanshavebecomeends,thatnotonly“Godisdead”，asNietzschesaidinthenineteenthcentury,butalsomanisdead,thatwhatisalivearetheorganizations,themachines;andthatmanhasbecometheirslaveratherthanbeingtheirmaster(但是如今，這種展現(xiàn)個人潛能的方式似乎已經(jīng)不存在了?，F(xiàn)如今，不僅是‘上帝已死’（尼采在19世紀所說），而且人也已經(jīng)死了，活著也就是組織機構(gòu)和機器。并且人已經(jīng)變成了這些機構(gòu)和機器的奴隸而不是主人)。由此推測，作者支持18、19世紀人文思想家的觀點，但是作者并未表現(xiàn)出對經(jīng)濟成果的偏倚態(tài)度。故選B。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。作者在第四段結(jié)尾提出問題:Whatkindofmendoesourlargescale,bureaucratizedindustrialismneed?(我們這個大規(guī)模的、官僚主義的工業(yè)化社會需要的是什么樣的人群呢?)。而在最后一段對這種人群進行了說明:whosetastesarestandardized(品位標準化)。以及:...yetwhoarewillingtobecommanded,todowhatisexpected(樂意被指揮，樂意按照他人意愿做事)。由此可知現(xiàn)代社會需要的人是一些墨守成規(guī)的人，故選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。文章開頭提出:大多數(shù)人認為物質(zhì)發(fā)展給社會帶來了諸多幸福，但是作者持相反態(tài)度。接下來便是論證觀點:物質(zhì)財富并不能帶來歡樂，本文是評論性質(zhì)的文章，故選D項。

8.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我們生活中最奇怪的一個方面是，人們普遍不關(guān)心核武器可能帶來徹底毀滅的危險，而人們也知道這種可能性。我認為，可以解釋為，他們對大規(guī)模毀滅性武器與其說感到害怕，不如說感到自豪。此外，他們對個人失敗和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐懼，以至于他們對個人事務(wù)的焦慮阻礙了他們?nèi)鷳n每個人、每件事都可能被摧毀的可能性。也許徹底的毀滅比完全的不安全感和無休止的個人焦慮更有吸引力。

9.不定項選擇題

MostBritishnewspapersarenotnecessarilycarefulaboutlanguage,buttheyarecarefulaboutbadwordsanyway.Thephrase“familynewspaper”isaninevitablepartofourlives.Newspapersarenotinthebusinessofgivingunjustifiedoffence.Itisalimitationofnewspaperwriting,andeverybodyinthebusiness,whetherwritingorreading,understandsandaccepts.Therearemanyothernecessarylimitations,andmostoftheseconcerntimeandspace.

NewspapershavedominatedsportswritinginBritainforyears.Buttenyearsago,anewplayerenteredthegame.Thiswasthephenomenonofmen’smagazines.GQwasthepioneeranditleadsthewaystill,leavingtherestpantingdistantlyinitswake.

Sports,ofcourse,ablindinglyobvioussubjectforamen’smagazine—butitcouldnotbetackledinablindinglyobviousway.Certainly,oneofthefirstthingsGQwasabletoofferwasanewwayofwritingaboutsport,butthiswasno