考研考博-英語-山東圣翰財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東圣翰財(cái)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Developingapeaceful,understanding,andsupportiverelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenisnotaneasytask.Failurescananddooccuratanyagelevel,andattimestheresultsarctheabuse,neglect,andevendeathofchildren.

Childabusehasbecomeamajortopicinchilddevelopmentandanissueofmuchnationalconcern.Inthespanoffourlegislativeyears,1963-1967,allfiftystatesenactedlawscallingforthereportingofinjuriesinflictedonchildren.By1973,theUnitedStatesCongresspassedtheChildAbusePreventionandTreatmentAct(PublicLaw93-247).Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.

Thequestion"whatcauseschildabuse?"haspromptedmuchdebate.ThesinglemostpersistentmythwhichhadplaguedeffortstounderstandcausesisthenotionthatparentswhoabusechildrenarementallydisturbedorilkAlthoughthereisnospecificpsychiatricdiagnosiswhichcomprisesthebehaviorandpersonalitiesofabuser,theyseemtoshareacommonstyleofchildrearing.Thoseparentsdemandhighlevelsofchildperformanceandtheyoftenuseseverephysicalpunishmenttoensurethechild'sproperbehavior.Abusiveparentsthemselveswereraisedinsimilarfamilysituationsandtheirownchildhoodexperiencehasalastinginfluenceontheirbehaviorasadults.

Currentresearchhassuggested,however,thatthe"abuserissick"hypothesisistoolimiteD.Abroadersocial,psychologicalapproachrecognizesthatsomepersonalproblemsareimplicitbutthatpsychologicalfactorsariseoutofasocialcontext.Socialfactorsincludeunemployment,socialisolation,andunwantedpregnancy.Moreover,findingsthatabuseoccursmorefrequentlyinlargerfamiliesandfamilieswithlowincome,pooreducation,andlowoccupationalstatussuggestthatmanysuchparentscannotwithstandthetwenty-four-hour-a-dayresponsibilitytoraiseandcarefortheirchildren.Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.

1.Thisselectionsuggeststhatchildabuseis（）.

2.Wecanknowfromthesecondparagraphthatthelawpassedby1973（）.

3.Thepersonwhoisleastlikelytobeachild-abusingparentistheonewho（）.

4.Whichoneofthefollowingismostprobablyacauseofchildabuse?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheauthormostlikelytoagreewith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agrowingproblemwhosecausesarenotfullyunderstood

B.causedprimarilybythementalillnessofparents

C.aproblemintheUnitedStates,butagreateroneinEurope

D.easilydeterminedbecauseofrecentpubliclaws

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.receivedlittleattentionfromthepublic

B.wascondemnedbyabusiveparents

C.wasaimedtoexpandwelfareprogramsoftheUnitedSlates

D.helpedmuchinclarifyingtheproblem

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasraisedinabusivefamilysituationshimself

B.createsapeacefulandsupportivefamilyenvironmentforhischildren

C.isunemployedorsociallyisolated

D.ismentallyill

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toohighanincomeoftheparents

B.Unemploymentoftheparents

C.Poorhealthofthechild

D.Peculiarpersonalitiesofthechild

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ViolenceonTVmaycontributetochildabuse.

B.Medicaldoctorsarelargelytoblameforunreportedcasesofchildabuse.

C.Themediashouldnotdescribethedetailsofchildabusecases.

D.Violenceinoursocietyisacceptableunlesschildrenarevictims.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章首先提出虐待兒童的這個(gè)問題變得日益嚴(yán)重，但后面兩段就其原因進(jìn)行分析，沒有給出一個(gè)確切的答案，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thislawnotonlyreflectedthemoodofconcernedcitizens,butitalsodidmuchtoclearuptheconfusionanddisagreementoverwhatischildabuse.”這項(xiàng)法律不僅反映了有關(guān)公民的情緒，而且為消除關(guān)于什么是虐待兒童而產(chǎn)生的困惑和分歧作出了很大的努力。也就是說，幫忙澄清了什么是虐待兒童的問題，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，虐待兒童的父母可能患有精神疾病或者自己本身也是在被虐待的家庭環(huán)境中長大，所以才會(huì)有虐待兒童的行為，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，社會(huì)因素包括失業(yè)、社會(huì)孤立等也有可能導(dǎo)致父母有虐待兒童的傾向，所以選項(xiàng)C也不正確；選項(xiàng)B為孩子創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和平和支持的家庭環(huán)境的父母是最不可能虐待兒童的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.根據(jù)上一題可知，選項(xiàng)中最容易造成兒童虐待的應(yīng)該是失業(yè)的父母，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.選項(xiàng)A中的影視暴力在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)B沒有報(bào)道出來的兒童虐待案和醫(yī)生沒什么關(guān)系，所以錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒有涉及；根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Theseproblemsaggravatethesituation,especiallywhencombinedwiththegeneralapprovalinourcultureofviolence.”這些問題加劇了局勢，特別是在我們的暴力文化中普遍贊同暴力的情況下。由此可推斷，暴力是可以被接受，只要不發(fā)生在孩子們身上，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.單選題

Wagesforworkerinthepublic（

）

oftheeconomydon’talwayskeepupwiththose

forworkerintheprivateone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.branch

B.sector

C.portion

D.section

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Branch“分支”；sector“部門”；portion“部分”；section“部門”。句意：公有制企業(yè)中的工人的工資并不是總能趕上私有制企業(yè)工人的工資。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)群島于1898年被美國吞并，從那時(shí)起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他種族群體的遭遇更為悲慘?？梢耘袛嘀挥蠥項(xiàng)“夏威夷的種族群體”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意為：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他種族的境況更糟糕。C選項(xiàng)正確，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由A，B，C選項(xiàng)可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻譯為：由夏威夷的第一位本土官員JohnWaihee成立的主權(quán)咨詢委員會(huì)對(duì)土著居民的事件起到了推動(dòng)作用，該委員會(huì)建議夏威夷土著居民應(yīng)該自主決定是否需要重新成立一個(gè)夏威夷主權(quán)國家。判斷A，B，C選項(xiàng)正確，排除；D選項(xiàng)在文章內(nèi)沒有相關(guān)信息介紹，故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻譯為：這是夏威夷事務(wù)辦公室（OHA）支持的態(tài)度，OHA作為一個(gè)國家機(jī)關(guān)成立于1978年，代表著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦睦妫缃裨诿鎸?duì)土著居民主權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)上保持著溫和的態(tài)度。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻譯為：他們還希望能夠要回66萬公頃的夏威夷公有土地?？芍耐氖窍朊绹姓J(rèn)其所有權(quán)而不僅僅是更多的租金。因此B選項(xiàng)“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合題意。

4.單選題

TheRosettastonethwartedscholars’effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscription.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stimulated

B.influenced

C.frustrated

D.encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干thwarted“阻止；阻撓”。A項(xiàng)“激發(fā)；激勵(lì)”，B項(xiàng)“影響”，C項(xiàng)“使沮喪；阻止；防止”，D項(xiàng)“支持；鼓勵(lì)”。因此選C。句意：羅塞塔石碑阻礙了學(xué)者們數(shù)十年的努力，直到19世紀(jì)初，希臘文字才對(duì)幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵的象形文字進(jìn)行了解碼。

5.單選題

Apartfromaninteresting-lookingcarveddagger,heboxwasfullofcrockery,muchofit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.break

B.tobreak

C.breaking

D.broken

【答案】D

【解析】句意：除了一柄式樣別致、雕有花紋的匕首外,貨箱內(nèi)裝滿陶器,而且大部分都已破碎。分詞作狀語,花瓶應(yīng)該是被打碎的,所以用broken。

6.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生，接著介紹了兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法：描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以解決的問題，說明本文主要講的是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”，原文只介紹了這兩者的由來，沒有介紹它們的缺點(diǎn)，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的應(yīng)用”，D選項(xiàng)“如何使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，原文介紹了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)兩者的應(yīng)用，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母親”對(duì)其后代統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的影響表現(xiàn)在計(jì)數(shù)、測量、描述、制表、歸類和人口普查，所有這些導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生。），說明計(jì)數(shù)和描述與描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“未知變量”，D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)變”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

33.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段中提到“母親”和“父親”用來說明統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生和起源，運(yùn)用擬人的手法使文章更加生動(dòng)幽默，有助于讀者理解。因此D選項(xiàng)“以幽默、易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“為了介紹推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“說明變量有不同的種類”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是一種工具，它對(duì)極其龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述、概括或簡化，使之成為可理解的東西。），說明描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以將龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)簡單化。因此A選項(xiàng)“簡化了繁雜的大量數(shù)據(jù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了變異性的增加”，C選項(xiàng)“可以解決所有的數(shù)值問題”，D選項(xiàng)“把定性變量變?yōu)槎孔兞俊痹谖闹芯鶝]有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

35.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)的目的就是通過了解整個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征，來預(yù)測和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。），說明考察樣本目的是預(yù)測和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。因此B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測整個(gè)群體的特征”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為了比較不同的群體”，C選項(xiàng)“考慮所有的定量變量”，D選項(xiàng)“將數(shù)據(jù)集合制成表格”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

7.單選題

4.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.8:00.

B.8:15.

C.8:40.

D.8:45.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Arewegoingtobelate?

M:Wewillbeunlesswehurry.

W:Whendoestheshowstart?

M:At8:30.We’vegot15minutestogetthere.

Q:Whattimeisitnow?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)話指出演出在8:30，現(xiàn)在他們只有15分鐘的時(shí)間到那兒。由此判斷現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間是8點(diǎn)15分。

8.單選題

Therewereintervalswhenthesunbrokethroughtheclouds,becausetheshowerswereintermittent.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slight

B.periodic

C.enduring

D.temporary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.slight輕微的，少量的B.periodic間發(fā)性的，周期性的

C.enduring持久的，能忍受的D.temporary暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)前半句句意“太陽偶爾會(huì)沖破云層”，可以推測劃線單詞intermittent應(yīng)該表示“間歇性的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的”；B選項(xiàng)詞義與劃線單詞最為接近，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)與劃線單詞的意思不符合。

【句意】因?yàn)殛囉晔菙鄶嗬m(xù)續(xù)的，所以太陽偶爾會(huì)沖破云層。

9.單選題

Computerequipmentcanbecome

veryquicklybecausenewtechnologyemergessofast.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.primitive

B.expired

C.ragged

D.obsolete

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。primitive“原始的”；expired“過期的，失效的”；ragged“粗糙的”；obsolete“淘汰的；廢棄的；過時(shí)的”。句意：由于新技術(shù)的迅速出現(xiàn)，計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備可能很快就會(huì)過時(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Hequickly（

）alargefortune.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accumulated

B.compiled

C.accompanied

D.accommodated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他很快積累了一大筆財(cái)富。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。Accumulate積累,増加,聚集;compile編寫(書、列表、報(bào)告等),編纂,編譯;accompany陪伴,伴隨…發(fā)生;accommodate提供住宿,使…適應(yīng)。因此A符合句意。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

The“standardofliving”ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson’sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.

Acountry’scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andothermineral,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.

Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry’speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.

1.Acountry’swealthdependsupon（

）.

2.Theword“foremost”underlinedmeans（

）.

3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat（

）.

4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?

5.ThesecondsentenceinParagraph3is（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsstandardofliving

B.itsmoney

C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices

D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mostimportantly

B.firstly

C.largely

D.forthemostpart

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.acountry’swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.2

B.3

C.4

D.5

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themainideaoftheparagraph

B.anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph

C.theconclusionoftheparagraph

D.notrelatedtotheparagraph

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：一個(gè)國家的財(cái)富取決于……。A選項(xiàng)“生活水平”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的金錢”；C選項(xiàng)“他們提供商品和服務(wù)的能力”；D選項(xiàng)“他們提供交通和娛樂的能力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句話“Wealth”inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:“goods”suchasfood,clothing,and“services”suchastransportandentertainment.（在這個(gè)意義上，“財(cái)富”不是錢，因?yàn)槲覀儾皇强垮X生活，而是靠錢能買到的東西：“商品”如食物、衣服，“服務(wù)”如交通和娛樂），由此，不能選A，答案選C。

第2題:詞義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“最重要地”；B選項(xiàng)“第一地”；C選項(xiàng)“大部分地”；D選項(xiàng)“在很大程度上”根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二句Acountry’sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostitscapacitytoproducewealth.（因此，一個(gè)國家的生活水平首先也最重要的是取決于它創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力。）這里foremost在文中是最重要的意思，所以答案選A。

第3題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國家的財(cái)富取決于很多要素”；B選項(xiàng)“美國是世界上最富有的國家之一”；C選項(xiàng)“撒哈拉沙漠是一個(gè)貧窮的地區(qū)”；D選項(xiàng)“自然資源是一個(gè)國家貧困或者富有的一個(gè)重要因素”。第二段的主旨句是第二句話Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry’snaturalresources…（一個(gè)國家的財(cái)富在很大程度上取決于其自然資源……），后面的句子都是圍繞自然資源對(duì)一個(gè)國家財(cái)富的貢獻(xiàn)展開的，所以答案選D。其余選項(xiàng)在第二段雖然有提及但是不是主旨句。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干第三段提到了一個(gè)國家在利用其資源方面可能比另一個(gè)國家具有的一些優(yōu)勢。在這一段中提到了很多這樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二、三、五句話Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.…trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.（良好和穩(wěn)定的政治條件，以及不受外國入侵的自由，使一個(gè)國家能夠和平和穩(wěn)定地開發(fā)其自然資源，并比另一個(gè)同樣受到自然服務(wù)但秩序較差的國家創(chuàng)造更多的財(cái)富?！囵B(yǎng)出大量熟練技工和技術(shù)人員的國家比那些工人大多沒有技能的國家更有能力創(chuàng)造財(cái)富。財(cái)富也會(huì)產(chǎn)生財(cái)富。），穩(wěn)定的政治環(huán)境，熟練的技術(shù)，自身的財(cái)富積累，第三段列舉了這三個(gè)原因，所以答案選B。戰(zhàn)火或者敵國入侵是政局不穩(wěn)定的原因。

第5題:判斷推理題。A選項(xiàng)“該段的主旨”；B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)支持段落主旨的例子”；C選項(xiàng)“段落的結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)“與段落無關(guān)”。根據(jù)文章定位到第三段第二句話ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswasunabletodevelopherresources.（中國也許和美國一樣擁有豐富的自然資源，但是遭受了多年的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和外部戰(zhàn)爭，由于這個(gè)和其他原因，無法開發(fā)它的資源）。從句是在描述一個(gè)事情所以不可能是主旨或者結(jié)論，一個(gè)段落中的句子不可能和句子無關(guān)，所以答案選B。該句主旨句為Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.（僅次于自然資源的是利用它們的能力。），緊接著第二句就是中美之間的例子，由此可知這第二句是支持論點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。

12.填空題

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】逗號(hào)前為完整的句子，橫線所在內(nèi)容應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)前說到借貸更加昂貴，后面說______人們購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目，可知前者打擊后者積極性，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，一方面動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在分詞，一方面動(dòng)詞discourage的意思為“使灰心，使泄氣”，符合題意。因此此處應(yīng)為discourage的現(xiàn)在分詞discouraging。

【句意】利率更高讓借貸更加昂貴，使人們不愿購買新房或開工建設(shè)新項(xiàng)目。

13.單選題

Myneighbortendedtoreactinaheatand（）way.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impetuous

B.impertinent

C.imperative

D.imperceptible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。impetuous“性急的，魯莽的”；impertinent“無關(guān)的，不恰當(dāng)?shù)模幌喔傻摹?；imperative“必要的，緊急的，極重要的”；imperceptible“察覺不出的，感覺不到的”。句意：我鄰居傾向于用一種激烈、魯莽的方式做出反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

Whatcouldbemorefrighteningthanaburstoflightningonasummerafternoon?Theskygoesdark,theairgoescold.Then,outofnowherethereisaburstofblindinglightandadeafeningroar,andtheworldiscompletelycoveredinwater.Nowonderancientmanthoughtthatlightningwastheworkofthegods.

Modernscientistsarestillveryimpressed."It'sthemostscaringandmostspectacularthingIknow,”saysMartinUman,professorofelectricalengineeringattheUniversityofFloridaandauthorofseveralbooksonlightning.

Thebolts（閃電）thatcutthroughtheairarereallychannelsforelectricalenergy.Theymeasureabout2inchesacross.Theirlengthmaybeasshortas70metresoraslongas20kilometres.Theyspeedthroughtheairnearlyhalfthespeedoflight.Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.

Althoughthree-quartersofthebolt’senergyisusedupinheat,enoughremainstodeliverafull125millionvolts（伏特）ofelectricity.Ifithitsatree,theblastinstantlyboilsthesap（樹液）sostronglythatthetreeexplodes.Lightninghassometimesmadehugeholesinthegroundandcuthugerocksintotwo.

Althoughonehundredlightningboltsshaketheeartheverysecond—that's8millionaday—noonehasfoundawaytouseallthiselectricity.

Lightninghasmanydisadvantages.Itstartsmillionsofforestfiresanddestroyspropertyworthmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Itisthemajorreasonforelectricityfailures.Butitsbiggestthreatistohumanlife.Lightningkillsmanypeoplebystoppingtheirheartorbreathingwithitselectrichammer.

1.Whydidearlymanthinklightningcomefromthegods?

2.Inwhatwaydoesthebolttravel?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage（）.

4.Whycan’twemakeuseoflightning?

5.What'sthetemperatureoftheairheatedbylightning?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehewasfrightened.

B.Becauseitbroughtlight.

C.Becauseitbroughtwatertotheground.

D.Becauseitburstedsuddenlyinthesky.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Inalldirections.

B.Fromtheskytotheground.

C.Fromthegroundtothesky.

D.Acrossthesky.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Lightningkillslargenumbersofpeopleeveryyear.

B.Lightningisthecauseofmillionsofforestfires.

C.Lightningcausesmillionsofdollars’worthofdamageeveryyear.

D.Lightninghelpstoproducecertainnitrogencompounds.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostoftheenergyfromlightningisconsumedinheatingtheairaroundit.

B.Becausethedurationoflightningistooshort.

C.Becauseitistoodangeroustostoreitsenergy.

D.Becausewehavenotfoundanyefficientwaytocollectitsenergy.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.It’sashotasthesurfaceofthesun.

B.It’shotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

C.It’snotsohotasthesurfaceofthesun.

D.It’ssometimeshotterthanthesurfaceofthesun.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段首句提及“還有什么比夏天下午的閃電更可怕的呢?”接著后面主要描述閃電是如何讓人感到害怕的，最后在第一段末句說到“難怪古人認(rèn)為閃電是神的杰作。”由此可知，早期人們認(rèn)為閃電來自于神是由于它讓人感到害怕，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第五句“Thisissofastthatwecannotseethattheboltactuallytravelsfromthegrounduptotheclouds.這是如此之快，以至于我們無法看到閃電實(shí)際上是從地面飛到云層上的。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“閃電有很多缺點(diǎn)。它每年引發(fā)數(shù)百萬起森林火災(zāi)，毀壞價(jià)值數(shù)百萬美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)。它還是電力故障的主要原因。但它最大的威脅是人類的生命。閃電通過電錘使人的心臟停止跳動(dòng)或呼吸停止，許多人因此喪命。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A、B、C在原文均有提及，只有選項(xiàng)D不是文章中的觀點(diǎn)，所以本題選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“盡管每秒鐘有一百個(gè)閃電震動(dòng)地球，也就是一天八百萬次，但是沒有人找到使用所有這些電能的方法。”也就是沒有有效的辦法收集電能，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Inthatshortinstant,theelectricityheatstheairaroundituptofivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.在那一瞬間，電流將周圍的空氣加熱到太陽表面溫度的五倍?！币簿褪潜忍柋砻娴臏囟冗€要高，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

15.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals,seemtobe_______，andtherefore____externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義和動(dòng)詞詞組解析。learned“有學(xué)問的”；innate“與生俱來的”；intricate“復(fù)雜的，錯(cuò)綜的”；specific“明確的，詳細(xì)的”。immuneto“不受……影響的”；unaffectedby“不受影響的”；belongto“屬于”；confusedwith“對(duì)……困惑”。句意：一些動(dòng)物的行為，比如交配行為，似乎是與生俱來的，不受外來因素影響的，比如氣候變化，食物供給或者同一物種其他動(dòng)物的存在。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

16.單選題

Theteachersofthecollegearemakinggreateffortsto（

）intheirstudentsthehabitofspeakingEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cultivate

B.accomplish

C.assist

D.require

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。cultivate“培養(yǎng)，陶冶”；accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；assist“幫助”；require“需要，要求”。句意：這所大學(xué)的老師花很多努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生說外語的習(xí)慣。A項(xiàng)符合題意，答案A

17.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegan