考研考博-英語-太原旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原旅游職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thementalcommoditymostdemandwillbepracticalwisdomratherthanspecialized（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.experiment

B.expertise

C.witness

D.cleverness

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)experiment“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)expertise“要求”；C選項(xiàng)witness“獲得，學(xué)到”；D選項(xiàng)cleverness“詢問”。句意：人們最需要的精神產(chǎn)品將是實(shí)用的智慧，而不是小聰明。選項(xiàng)D更符合語境。

2.單選題

MartinLutherKing（）himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.distinguished

C.differentiated

D.separated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognized“認(rèn)識；意識到”，為及物動詞；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別；使出名”，與as搭配，意為“以……而著名”；C選項(xiàng)differentiated“區(qū)分；使有差別”；D選項(xiàng)separated“分開；隔開”。句意：馬丁?路德金作為非暴力民權(quán)運(yùn)動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人而聞名，并且受到美國黑人的極大尊敬。根據(jù)后面的定語從句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美國黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且廣受黑人關(guān)注。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodaVinci’s（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“優(yōu)秀策劃者，幕后操縱者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根據(jù)句意：《最后的晚餐》被廣泛認(rèn)為是達(dá)?芬奇的杰作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.翻譯題

TheclimateofAustraliavariesgreatlyfromregiontoregion,withatropicalclimateinthenorth,anaridorsemiaridclimateinmuchoftheinterior,andatemperateclimateinthesouth.Despitethesevariations,themoderatinginfluenceofthesurroundingoceansandtheabsenceofextensivehighmountainrangeshelppreventmarkedextremesofweather.However,someareasoccasionallyexperienceextremeweatherconditions,suchastropicalcyclones,tornadoes,andseveredrought.

BecauseAustraliaisintheSouthernHemisphere,itsseasonsarethereverseofthoseintheNorthernHemisphere.Seasonalvariations,onthewhole,aresmall.Generally,coastalandhighlandareas,especiallyinthesoutheast,arecoolerthaninteriorlocations,andthenorth,particularlythenorthwesterncoast,isthehottestregion.ThetemperateregionsofsouthernAustraliahavefourseasons,withcoolwintersandwarmsummers.

【答案】澳大利亞的氣候因地區(qū)而異，北部為熱帶氣候，內(nèi)陸大部分地區(qū)為干旱或半干旱氣候，南部為溫和氣候。盡管有這些變化，但周圍海洋的緩和影響和沒有廣泛的高山山脈有助于防止明顯的極端天氣。然而，一些地區(qū)偶爾會經(jīng)歷極端天氣條件，如熱帶氣旋、龍卷風(fēng)和嚴(yán)重干旱。

因?yàn)榘拇罄麃喸谀习肭颍募竟?jié)與北半球相反?？偟膩碚f，季節(jié)變化很小。一般來說，沿海和高原地區(qū)，尤其是東南部，比內(nèi)陸地區(qū)涼爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最熱的地區(qū)。澳大利亞南部的溫帶地區(qū)四季分明，冬冷夏暖。

5.單選題

Nobodyisabletoexplainthe______ofthiscommonly-usedexpression.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beginning

B.starting-point

C.foundation

D.origin

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)beginning“（事情或過程的）的開始”；B選項(xiàng)starting-point“（討論或過程的）起點(diǎn)；（旅行的)出發(fā)點(diǎn)”；C選項(xiàng)foundation“基礎(chǔ)”；D選項(xiàng)origin“起源”。句意：沒有人能解釋這個常用表達(dá)的________。根據(jù)語境，這里指沒有人能解釋這個常用表達(dá)是哪里來的，所以origin“起源”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theygood-natured,co-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.dewaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumber).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytocatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemaleCapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,arcguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecie.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat（

）.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey

（

）.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

（

）.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearcher’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段提到每個人都希望加薪，但是當(dāng)知曉別人加的工資比自己要多時愉悅感消失殆盡（Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone）。隨后又提到這種心理在猴子中也存在（suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell）?？芍诖颂幾髡呤菍⑷祟惻c猴子進(jìn)行對比，因此選項(xiàng)C“做比較”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問的是“第一段最后一句‘猴之常情’暗示著什么”。第一段提到當(dāng)人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個比自己加薪多的人消極怠工時，會感到憤怒（Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged），這種行為被認(rèn)為是“人之常情”（alltooman），在猴子的世界里也是如此，說明猴子看到不公平的事情時也會憤怒，這是天性。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到跟人類女性一樣，它們比雄性更關(guān)注“品質(zhì)與服務(wù)”的價值（Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales），這也是它們成為研究對象的原因。因此，選項(xiàng)A“更傾向于它們得到了什么”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段第二句話提到穩(wěn)定合作只有在它們覺得自己沒被欺騙才會出現(xiàn)（Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated），所以選項(xiàng)C“當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)被欺騙這種合作會破裂”符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段最后一句話提到這種公平感是卷尾猴和人類各自演化而來還是來自3500萬年前他們共同的祖先，這個問題暫時還沒有答案（However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.

Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.

Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.

Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(殘酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(沖突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻攔者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.

Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.

1.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes____________.

2.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?

3.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame____________.

4.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto____________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat____________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forrecreationC.tolimitthefoxpopulation

B.C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.

C.tolimitthefoxpopulationB.intheinterestsofthefarmers

D.toshowofftheirwealth

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.

B.Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.

C.Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

D.Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.byresortingtoviolence

B.byconfusingthefoxhunters

C.bytakinglegalaction

D.bydemonstratingonthescene

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes

B.forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs

C.stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountryside

D.preventlarge—scalefoxhunting

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal

B.limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary

C.huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolent

D.fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherich

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport（參加打獵的人認(rèn)為它是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動）和最后一句somosthuntersarewealthy（所以大多數(shù)獵人都很富有），可知在英國夫人獵狐是為了消遣，所以A選項(xiàng)“為了消遣”正確，D選項(xiàng)“炫耀他們的財富”錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)檗r(nóng)民的利益”：文章沒有提到富人和農(nóng)民在獵狐方面的關(guān)系。C選項(xiàng)“限制狐貍數(shù)量”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.（農(nóng)民也可以要求當(dāng)?shù)蒯鳙C服務(wù)來控制狐貍的數(shù)量。），可知限制狐貍數(shù)量不是富人獵狐的目的，故錯誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.（如果法律通過，像狐貍這樣的野生動物將受到英國禁令的保護(hù)）和第二句Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.（但今年，獵狐運(yùn)動的支持者面臨著更大的威脅），可知在英國，法律正在討論獵狐運(yùn)動的問題，對應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“獵人設(shè)定了要遵守的規(guī)則”這一選項(xiàng)，故正確。A選項(xiàng)“使用致命的毒藥”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句farmers…shootingorpoisoningthem（農(nóng)民們射殺或毒害它們），可知這是在各地的普遍的現(xiàn)象，不是英國特有，故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“這花費(fèi)高昂，很少發(fā)生”：文章提到獵戶運(yùn)動花費(fèi)高昂，但沒有說很少舉辦，另外農(nóng)民獵狐花費(fèi)不高，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“獵人必須經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練”：這是普遍現(xiàn)象，不止在英國，故錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox’ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.（有時這些獵狐行為引發(fā)暴力行為，但大多數(shù)對手會誤導(dǎo)獵手，擾亂狗對狐貍氣味的追蹤，從而干擾狩獵。），獵手的對手通過誤導(dǎo)獵手來干預(yù)比賽，所以B選項(xiàng)“迷惑獵狐者”正確。A選項(xiàng)“依靠暴力”：暴行是干預(yù)以后可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。C選項(xiàng)“起訴”：通過法律途徑看要不要繼續(xù)獵狐運(yùn)動不能在賽場干預(yù)對手，故錯誤。D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)場演示”：文章沒有提及，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第三句ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.（議會工黨成員邁克?福斯特正試圖使議會通過一項(xiàng)新法律，該法律將規(guī)定用狗捕獵野生動物為非法行為。），可知C選項(xiàng)“在鄉(xiāng)下停止捕獵野生動物”正確。A選項(xiàng)“禁止農(nóng)民獵狐”，B選項(xiàng)“禁止用狗獵狐”和D選項(xiàng)“禁止大規(guī)模獵狐”在這里沒有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.語義推測題。A選項(xiàng)“用毒藥殺死狐貍是違法的”：根據(jù)第五段第三句istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal（正試圖使議會通過一項(xiàng)新法律，該法律將規(guī)定用狗捕獵野生動物為非法行為），文章提到禁止用狗捕獵野生動物的法律有可能通過，沒有說毒死狐貍違法，故錯誤。B選項(xiàng)“不必限制狐貍的數(shù)量”：根據(jù)第一段最后一句farmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem（農(nóng)民們試圖通過射殺或毒害它們來減少它們的數(shù)量），農(nóng)民捕殺狐貍以減少狐貍數(shù)量，沒有提到不必要這樣做，故錯誤。C選項(xiàng)“用狗打獵狐貍被認(rèn)為是殘忍和暴力的”：根據(jù)第四段第二句opposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal（許多人反對獵狐，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這很殘酷），獵狐是用狗獵狐，所以正確。D選項(xiàng)“獵狐經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致窮人和富人之間的對抗”：在文章沒有提到。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠帧Ｃ糠昙倨?，大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點(diǎn)。旅游時人們可以開闊視野，增長知識，欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光，最終得以放松身心。

9.單選題

PeoplewithADHDhavedifficultykeepingtheirmindsononething;theymayrunintothestreetwithoutlooking,（

）inappropriatecommentsinclass,andinterruptconversations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blurtout

B.breakinto

C.makeout

D.crushout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。blurtout意為“脫口而出”；breakinto意為“闖入”；makeout意為“理解，看出”；crushout意為“撲滅，熄滅”。

句意：多動癥患者很難把注意力集中在一件事上；他們會不看路就跑到街上去，在班級里脫口而出不合適的言論，也會打斷談話。

10.翻譯題

Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations--trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering--havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLuddites(反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者）whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigorsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

【答案】在中產(chǎn)階級面臨的諸多惱人挑戰(zhàn)中，有一個很可能在下屆總統(tǒng)競選中會被忽視：當(dāng)機(jī)器人來搶飯碗時會發(fā)生什么?

不要完全排除這種可能性。牛津大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，美國約有一半的工作面臨著被自動化取代的高風(fēng)險，中產(chǎn)階級受到了不成比例的擠壓。像園藝或日托這樣的低收入工作對機(jī)器人沒有吸引力。但許多中產(chǎn)階級的職業(yè)卡車運(yùn)輸、金融咨詢、軟件工程已經(jīng)引起了他們的興趣，或者很快就會引起他們的興趣。富人擁有機(jī)器人，所以他們會沒事的。

這不是危言聳聽。樂觀主義者指出，技術(shù)變革在過去曾使工人受益。工業(yè)革命對反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者來說并不那么順利，他們的工作被機(jī)械化的織布機(jī)取代了，但工業(yè)革命最終提高了生活水平，創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位比被摧毀的要多。同樣，自動化最終應(yīng)該會提高生產(chǎn)率，通過壓低價格來刺激需求，讓工人從繁重、乏味的工作中解脫出來。但從中期來看，中產(chǎn)階級工人可能需要大量幫助來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

未來幾年，技術(shù)將大大小小的改善社會，但對于那些發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活和事業(yè)被自動化顛覆的人來說，這并不是什么安慰。摧毀那些為我們工作而來的機(jī)器將是瘋狂的。但幫助工人適應(yīng)的政策將是不可或缺的。

11.單選題

Whatyouhavedoneis______thedoctor’sorders.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subjectto

B.opposite

C.resistantto

D.contraryto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)subjectto“使服從，使遭受”，B項(xiàng)opposite“相反的，對面的”，C項(xiàng)resistantto“對……有抵抗力，耐……的”，D項(xiàng)contraryto“與……相反”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞doctor’sorders“醫(yī)生的命令”和選項(xiàng)可知，空格處表示“違反，相反”符合句子意思。句意：你所做的與醫(yī)生的命令是相反的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

John______betterthantogoswimmingrightaftereating.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallknow

B.shouldn’tknow

C.hasknown

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查謂語動詞。句意：你應(yīng)該知道不能吃完飯就去游泳。根據(jù)John在之前就know剛吃完飯不能游泳，對現(xiàn)在有影響，確定用現(xiàn)在完成時；結(jié)合語境，這里指本來就該知道，加上情態(tài)動詞should后句意通順，D選項(xiàng)shouldhaveknown符合題意。A選項(xiàng)shallknow中shall意思為“將要”，不符合題意。B選項(xiàng)shouldn’tknow不符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,Sallyhasdevelopedthehabitof

atpeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peering

B.gazing

C.glancing

D.scanning

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。四個單詞均有“看”的意思，但又有區(qū)別。Peer指當(dāng)看不清時仔細(xì)去端詳；gaze表示由于對某事物感興趣或者驚訝而注視；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔細(xì)地察看某事物。根據(jù)前半句的意思“由于她近視”，因此可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。句意：由于有點(diǎn)近視，薩麗養(yǎng)成了盯著他人看的習(xí)慣。

14.單選題

Automaticfirealarms,（）smokedetector,areinstalledinalmostallpublicbuildings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.suchastheubiquitous

B.soubiquitous

C.theubiquitous

D.soastheubiquitous

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。C選項(xiàng)缺少連詞，排除C。A選項(xiàng)suchas“比如”；B選項(xiàng)so“所以”；D選項(xiàng)soas“為了”。句意：幾乎所有的公共建筑都安裝了自動火災(zāi)報警器，如無處不在的煙霧探測器。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreativeactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsago

D.betteruseofgreen-spacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlife

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfullyrecognized

B.isbeingcloselystudied

C.isusuallyneglected

D.isstillunknown

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為綠地空間的娛樂發(fā)展可能性怎樣？”文章第二段提到因?yàn)閵蕵贩绞竭h(yuǎn)離居住區(qū)，而花在提高居住小區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性方面的注意力很少（whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為綠色空間設(shè)施應(yīng)該怎么樣設(shè)計？”文章第二段最后一句話提到這些娛樂設(shè)施的設(shè)計需要能夠使得更多的強(qiáng)制性活動也有娛樂的一面（thedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主要思想是什么？”本文主要講述了綠地設(shè)施的娛樂功能。首先通過介紹綠地設(shè)施引出話題，然后運(yùn)用城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃的居住區(qū)、工作區(qū)、交通和娛樂分離的理論所造成的不足，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過提高居住區(qū)娛樂發(fā)展可能性來改善居民生活，因此選項(xiàng)D“更好地利用綠地設(shè)施來提高生活水平”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，綠色空間在城市環(huán)境中的重要性……”。文章第一段提到目前人們已經(jīng)廣泛認(rèn)可了綠地設(shè)施的好處，雖然是一種不證自明的說法，還并不是一種經(jīng)過嚴(yán)密推理的科學(xué)證明（Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof），因此選項(xiàng)A“被廣泛接受”符合題意。

16.單選題

Myauntlosthercatlastsummer,butit（）aweeklateratahomeinthenextvillage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnedup

B.turnedin

C.turnedon

D.turnedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)，折起”；turnin“上繳，出賣”；turnon“打開，發(fā)動”；turnout“結(jié)果是，證明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨媽的貓丟了，但是一周后它出現(xiàn)在鄰村的一戶人家里。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Onthesideofthehill,thereisa______whichwasoncetheentrancetoagoldmine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deepholeinground

B.holedeepinground

C.deepholeintheground

D.deepinthegroundhole

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.deepholeingroundB.holedeepinground

C.deepholeinthegroundD.deepinthegroundhole

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】搭配。

【解題思路】hole是名詞，deep是形容詞，故deep應(yīng)該放在hole前面，而intheground是固定搭配，表示“在地下”，所以該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)inground用法不正確，故排除；

B、D項(xiàng)不符合句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

【句意】在山的一邊，有一個深洞在地面上，這個洞曾經(jīng)是金礦的入口。

18.單選題

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Jobcandidatescanrespondfreelyduetoitsopen-endednature.

B.Jobcandidatesrarelytakeitseriously.

C.Jobseekersoftenfeelatalosswheretostartinansweringit.

D.Jobseekerstendtohaveareadyanswer.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dotheirbesttoimpresstheinterviewer.

B.Followtheircareercoaches’guidelines.

C.Strivetotakecontroloftheirnarrative.

D.Repeattheinformationontheirresume.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toproduceexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions.

B.Toidentifyabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateon.

C.Toreflectontheirpastachievementsaswellasfailures.

D.Todiscussimportantdetailstheyaregoingtopresent.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Gettingacquaintedwiththehumanresourcespersonnel.

B.Tailoringtheirexpectationstothecompany’slong-termgoal.

C.Findingoutwhythecompanyprovidesthejobopening.

D.Figuringoutwhatbenefitsthecompanyisabletoofferthem.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】RecordingThree

“Tellmeaboutyourself”mayseemlikeaneasyjobinterviewquestion.[22]Buttheopen-endednatureofthisquestionoftenleavesjobseekersatalosswheretostart.

Thiscommonquestionisactuallyacriticaltestofajobcandidate’scommunicationskills.Soit’simportantnottogiveanunpreparedresponseormessitup.“Tellmeaboutyourself”isoftenthefirstquestionprofessionalcareercoachespreparepeopleforwhentheygiveinterviewguidance.It’stheopportunityforthecandidatetotakecontrolofthenarrativeandtelltheirstoryinawaythatreallymatterstotheiraudience.Ittakeshardworkandextensivepreparationtoanswerthisquestionwell.

Whenapersongoestoajobinterview,theirinterviewerhaspresumablyreadtheirresume,sotheydon’tneedtorepeattheinformation.[23]Butthat’swhatmostpeoplewilldoasit’stheirinstincttorecitethingsthatarealreadyontheirresume.It’simportantforjobseekerstodotheirhomeworkontwocrucialaspects.

First,theyarenotjusttellingsomeonethefactaboutthemselves;theyaretellingastoryandstoriestakeworktocreate.Comingupwithagoodstorymeansgettingreflectiveaboutwhatmadetheircareeraccomplishments,somethingthey’reproudof,andwhatstrengthsthoseaccomplishmentshighlight.Candidatesshouldn’tpickabroadgeneralstrengthtoelaborateonsuchas“I’msmart”,“Iworkhard”and“Igetthingsdone”.[24]Tocomeupwithmultiplecareeraccomplishmentsorexamplesfordifferentinterviewquestions,jobseekersshouldtalkwithothers,especiallypeoplewhoknowthem—partners,friendsorco-workers—whowillbringupdifferentstoriesthantheonestheyremember.

Secondly,[25]candidatesshouldknowwhat’satstakeforthecompanywiththisjobopening.Whattheyreallyareaskingyouis“Tellmewhyyouaregoingtohelpme”.Ifthepersonisapreparedcandidate,theyshouldhavealreadyfiguredoutthosethings—theyreadthejobdescriptionandresearchedthecompanyontheInternet.Whatjobapplicantsoughttobelookingforiswhatthecompanyisuptoyou,whatthey’retryingtoaccomplishandwhatispreventingthemfromaccomplishingthosethings.

Howlongshouldittaketoanswer?Aroundaminute.That’saboutrightformostpeople’sattentionspans.Underaminutecouldseemrushed,whileovertwominuteswillstarttofeelmorelikeaspeech.Butthelengthoftheanswerisnotanexactscience,andcandidatesneedtokeeptheircareerstoryfocusedandtailoredtotheiraudience.

22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthejobinterviewquestion“Tellmeaboutyourself”?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問對于求職面試問題“請介紹一下你自己”，說話者是怎么說的？錄音開頭提到，“請介紹一下你自己”這個問題是開放性的，經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致求職者不知從何說起，C選項(xiàng)“求職者經(jīng)常不知道從哪里開始回答這個問題”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵搯栴}是開放性的，所以求職者可以自由回答”，錄音中提及千萬不要在沒有準(zhǔn)備的情況下給出回答，因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；B選項(xiàng)“求職者很少認(rèn)真對待”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“求職者通常有一個準(zhǔn)備好的回答”與錄音表述恰好相反，因此排除。

23.Whatwillmostpeopledowhentheycometoajobinterview?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)參加工作面試時，大多數(shù)人會怎么做？錄音說，大多數(shù)人出于本能地背誦簡歷上的內(nèi)容。D選項(xiàng)中的Repeat是對錄音原文中recite的同義替換，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡力給面試官留下好印象”是面試需要做的事情，但不是大多數(shù)人會做的事情，與題干不符，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“遵循職業(yè)教師的指導(dǎo)”利用careercoaches設(shè)置干擾，錄音中并沒有提及大多數(shù)人會聽從職業(yè)教師的意見，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“努力控制他們的敘述”，錄音說到“介紹一下自己”這個問題是個掌控談話場面的機(jī)會，但不是大多數(shù)人能做到的事情，因此也可排除。

24.Whyshouldjobseekerstalkwithpartners,friendsandco-workers?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問求職者為什么要與合作伙伴、朋友和同事交談？錄音提到，要為不同的面試題目提供自己在工作上的若干個成就或例子，求職者應(yīng)與他人交流，特別是熟悉他們的人，如工作伙伴、朋友或同事，他們能提供與求職者記憶中不同的故事。A選項(xiàng)“為不同的面試問題提供例子”是對此信息的概括，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“確定一個籠統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)來闡述”是說話者否定的做法，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“對過去的成就及失敗進(jìn)行反思”和D選項(xiàng)“討論他們要介紹的重要細(xì)節(jié)”在錄音中均沒有信息提及，因此排除。

25.Whatotherimportantpreparationsshouldjobseekersmakebeforeaninterview?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問求職者在面試前還應(yīng)做哪些重要準(zhǔn)備？在談及第二個關(guān)鍵方面時，錄音說到，求職者應(yīng)了解這個職位空缺對公司的利害關(guān)系是什么，公司其實(shí)想問的是，“跟我說說你為什么能幫助我？”C選項(xiàng)“弄清楚公司為何提供這個職位空缺”與原文內(nèi)容表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“熟悉人力資源人員”；B選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)公司的長期目標(biāo)調(diào)整自己的期待值”和D選項(xiàng)“弄清楚公司能為他們提供什么福利”在錄音中均沒有信息提及。

19.單選題

Thenuboftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety,asin