考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連海洋大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連海洋大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.填空題

We’re（1）alotoftrouble（2）ournewTVset.Weonly（3）itlastmonth,butwealreadyneedtocallarepairmantofixit.I（4）thatthesetisasgoodasweweretolditwasinthestore.Mywife（5）menottotrustthatsalesman!

【答案】1.having

2.with

3.bought

4.doubt

5.told

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith在某方面有麻煩/困難

2.固定搭配。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:我們上個(gè)月才買的。

4.語(yǔ)義題。doubt懷疑。

5.語(yǔ)義題。Tell告訴。Told在這里暗含“警告”之意。

2.單選題

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroup,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon；rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT

3.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraphtwo,theauthorismakingthepointthat

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraphtwo?

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.recruitment.

B.formalelectionprocess.

C.specificleadershiptraining.

D.traditionalculturalpatterns.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders'

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderofanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationship.

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers.

C.identifyingnewleaders.

D.achievingagoal.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocial…”，開篇點(diǎn)題，在美國(guó)有很多種方式成為某個(gè)團(tuán)體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。所以主要闡述不同領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在社會(huì)中的角色。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，在家庭、友誼小組或更大的群體中，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的方式不相同，探討了每一種團(tuán)體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生方式。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”，數(shù)十年都沒有充足的證據(jù)來證明存在“天生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.信息推斷題。考查對(duì)第二段文意的理解。文中提到只要一個(gè)人有特定的資質(zhì)就能成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。根據(jù)文章“anypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup”，可以成為特定團(tuán)體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“…maydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.”，“…iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,…”根據(jù)這兩句可以得出，工具性領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更加注重目標(biāo)一些。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“l(fā)awandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“l(fā)iberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsinthemedia

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedesiretoeliminatepoverty

B.protectionofproperty

C.theStateoftheUnion

D.profiling.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ofhisvariedpoliticalexperience

B.heturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senate

C.hisknowledgeofLarryOlivier

D.hisstatusasananti-imperialist

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。由第一段中“Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat‘a(chǎn)Markovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.’費(fèi)雯?麗（英國(guó)電影演員）引起了一場(chǎng)特有的轟動(dòng)，正如芭蕾舞女演員艾麗西亞?瑪克娃溫和地向我們保證‘一個(gè)瑪克娃每一百年左右才出現(xiàn)一次’所帶來的轟動(dòng)一樣。”和文中提及“大衛(wèi)?薩斯坎德（DavidSusskind）是紐約的一位電視節(jié)目制作人”可推知“艾麗西亞?瑪克娃是一位受歡迎而不理智的采訪對(duì)象”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。由第一段中“…sotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir-our-air…如此巧妙地，以至于廣播電視網(wǎng)經(jīng)常不知曉他(即大衛(wèi)?薩斯坎德)在他們自己的電臺(tái)上僥幸逃脫了什么。”可知B選項(xiàng)“私有的而不是公有的財(cái)產(chǎn)”正確。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段中“IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable…我基于明智的理由（即進(jìn)入?yún)⒆h院是不可成功的）而拒絕了美國(guó)參議員民主黨提名”可知A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)選參議院席位”正確。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。由第三段中“Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.然而，我非常溫和地說，我們?cè)诿绹?guó)只有一個(gè)政黨，即產(chǎn)權(quán)黨，它有著民主黨和共和黨兩個(gè)權(quán)力黨派。”可知B選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)產(chǎn)權(quán)”正確。

第5題:5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段中“Iwasapoliticalpundit…我是一位政治專家”可知A項(xiàng)“他的各種政治經(jīng)驗(yàn)”正確。

4.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely濃密地，密集地；intensely強(qiáng)烈地，緊張地，熱情地；abundantly豐富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.填空題

Scientistshavediscoveredthataddictionsmaybe（1）.AteamfromBritain’sUniversityofCambridgefoundthat（2）ofdrugaddictssharethesamebrainabnormalitiesastheirdrug（3）brothersandsisters.Theresearchteamsaidtheseabnormalbrainstructuresarelinkedto（4）self-controlanddrugdependence.Theresearcherssuggestthataddictionisinsomewaysa“（5）ofthebrain”.Thismayprovideimportantnewwaysintohelpingpeoplewithproblemsofself-controlwhenit（6）toaddictions.Thestudysoughttofindoutifdrugschangedthe“（7）”ofthebrainorwhetherthebrainsofdrugaddictswerewireddifferentlyfrom（8）.

LeadresearcherDrKarenErschetoldtheBBC:“Ithas（9）beenknownthatnoteveryonewho（10）drugsbecomesaddicted.”Shecontinued:“Itshowsthatdrugaddictionisnota（11）oflifestyle,itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.Thesebrothersandsisterswhodon’thaveaddictionproblems,whattheycantellusishowthey（12）theseproblems,howtheymanageself-controlintheir（13）life.”DrErscheandhercolleaguesstudied50（14）ofsiblings,onewithahistoryofdrugaddictionandonewithno（15）oftakingdrugs.Shecomparedthesewith50healthypeople.Sheconcluded:“Weneedtofindouthowthesenon-addictedsiblingswereabletoresistusingdrugs.”

【答案】1.hereditary

2.siblings

3.using

4.poor

5.disorder

6.comes

7.wiring

8.birth

9.long

10.take

11.choice

12.overcome

13.daily

14.pairs

15.experience

【解析】1.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“sharethesamebrainabnormalitiesas…brothersandsisters.”，可知和他們的兄弟姐妹存在同樣的異常情況，可判斷出這種吸毒成癮是與遺傳相關(guān)的。故填入hereditary。

2.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文可知，吸毒成癮與遺傳有關(guān)，并且下文提到“brothersandsisters”，可判斷出填入的答案與兄弟姐妹相關(guān)。故填入siblings。

3.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)上文siblingsofdrugaddicts，這里表達(dá)“吸毒成癮的兄弟姐妹”，可知此處對(duì)應(yīng)下文空格中的drug-（

）brothersandsisters，故填入using，drug-using“吸食毒品的”。

4.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文drugdependence“毒品依賴”，可知空格應(yīng)該表達(dá)“較弱的自控力”。句意：這些異常的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)與差的自控能力和藥物依賴有關(guān)。故填入poor。

5.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)文章第二段，“itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.”，這是一種大腦紊亂的現(xiàn)象，我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。可判斷出上下文相互照應(yīng)。句意：研究人員認(rèn)為，上癮在某種程度上是一種“大腦紊亂”。故填入disorder。

6.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配whenitcomesto“當(dāng)提到，當(dāng)涉及到……”，可知句意：當(dāng)提到上癮，這可能提供重要的新方法來幫助有自控問題的人。故填入comes。

7.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“whetherthebrainsofdrugaddictswerewireddifferently”，可知這項(xiàng)研究試圖找出吸毒者的大腦構(gòu)造是否不同，又根據(jù)并列連詞or，可知前后兩句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，空格中填入wired的動(dòng)名詞形式wiring，句意：這項(xiàng)研究試圖找出是藥物改變了大腦的“構(gòu)造”，還是吸毒者的大腦構(gòu)造發(fā)生了變化。故填入wiring。

8.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)文章開頭提出吸毒成癮與遺傳相關(guān)，可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)遺傳給吸毒者的大腦構(gòu)造帶來的差異。句意：吸毒者的大腦構(gòu)造是否與出生時(shí)不同。故填入birth。

9.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配Ithasbeenlongknownthat…“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來眾所周知的是……”，句意：一直以來眾所周知的是，不是所有吸毒的人都會(huì)上癮。故填入long。

10.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配takedrugs“吸毒”，句意：不是所有吸毒的人都會(huì)上癮。故填入take。

11.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)下文“itisadisorderofthebrainandweneedtorecognizethis.”，可知我們都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到吸毒成癮是一種大腦紊亂現(xiàn)象，可判斷出吸毒成癮并不是一種生活方式的選擇。句意：這表明吸毒成癮不是一種生活方式的選擇，而是一種大腦的紊亂，我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。故填入choice。

12.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)文章“Thesebrothersandsisterswhodon’thaveaddictionproblems,whattheycantellus…h(huán)owtheymanageself-control.”，沒有成癮問題的兄弟姐妹能夠告誡我們?nèi)绾巫钥?。可判斷出空格表達(dá)的意思為“如何克服問題”。句意：沒有成癮問題的兄弟姐妹能夠告誡我們?nèi)绾慰朔栴}以及如何自控。故填入overcome。

13.固定搭配。固定搭配dailylife“日常生活，句意：他們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪腥绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)自控。故填入daily。

14.固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配apairof“一對(duì)”，可知這里表達(dá)的意思為“50對(duì)兄弟姐妹”。句意：Ersche博士和她的同事調(diào)查了50對(duì)兄弟姐妹。故填入pairs。

15.上下文語(yǔ)義。根據(jù)并列連詞and，可知前后兩句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文“onewithahistoryofdrugaddiction”，先研究了一些有毒癮史的人，可判斷出下文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒有吸毒經(jīng)歷的人。句意：Ersche博士和她的同事研究了50對(duì)兄弟姐妹，其中一些有吸毒史，另一些沒有吸毒經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故填入experience。

6.單選題

Allthepartsofthismodelofautomobileare（

）,sothatyoucaneasilyreplacethemeverywhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modernized

B.standardized

C.mechanized

D.normalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。modernize“使現(xiàn)代化”；standardize“使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢驗(yàn)”；mechanize“使機(jī)械化”；normalize“使變得正常”。句意：這種型號(hào)的汽車的所有部件都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以你可以很容易到處更換。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.翻譯題

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispartwith5sentencesunderlined.YouarerequiredtotranslatethosesentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.ReadthefollowingshortpassagescarefullyandONLYtranslatethe5sentencesthatareunderlined.

(1)Anewcommittee,setupbytheeditorsofnineprominentmedicaljournals,calledlastweekforgovernmentstotacklescientificmisconductandfraudulentpublicationinamoresystematicway.

“Casesarestillexposedmostlybychance,andweworryaboutthescaleoftheproblem,”saysRichardSmith,editoroftheBritishMedicalJournalandamemberoftheCommitteeonPublicationEthics(COPE),whichisoneofseveralorganizationsinEuropecurrentlylookingintowaystobeefupmechanismstodealwithpublicationmisconduct.(2)COPE,whosemembersincludetheeditorsoftheLancet,Gut,andTheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,invitedmorethan100othereditorsheretodiscussthescopeoftheproblemandhowtodealwithevidenceofmisconductinpublicationssubmittedtothemforreview.Editorsrelatedtheirexperienceswithincidentsincludingtheforgingofsignaturesofpatientsandmembersofethicscommitteesthatmonitorresearchprograms,plagiarismofresearchpublishedinmajorWesternjournalsforrepublicationinEasternEuropeanjournals,publishingreportsofpatientswhocouldbeidentifiedwithouttheirconsent.

(3)Theseincidentsweredescribedwithoutrevealingnamesbecauseofworriesaboutlibellawsandsothatthecareersofwhistleblowerswhobroughtcasestolightwouldnotbejeopardized.

COPE,saysSmith,willpublishalistofreportedcasesofmisconducteachyeartosensitizeeditorstotheproblems.

COPE’seffortsarebeingmatchedbyotherinitiativesinEurope.(4)TheMaxPlanckSociety,Germany’spremierresearchorganization,isalsocarryingoutareviewofproceduresitmayadopttohelpcountermisconduct,andtheresultsarealsoexpectedshortly.AndatthemostrecentmeetingoftheEuropeanheadsofresearchcouncilsinDublinlastmonth,theproblemofscientificmisconductwasatthetopoftheagenda.ThecouncilheadsarelookinginparticularatDanisheffortsthathaveculminatedinanewnationalcommitteeonscientificdishonesty.(5)UnliketheU.S.OfficeofResearchIntegrity,whichcaninvestigatemisconductclaimsonlywhentheyinvolvegovernmentfunds,theDanishcommitteecanworkacrossthescientificspectrum.COPEisalsointerestedintheU.S.andDanishefforts.“Editorscanonlygosofar,”saysKennedy.“Eventuallyyouneedanindependentbodytoinvestigateclaimsfairly.”

【答案】1.由九家著名醫(yī)學(xué)雜志的編輯組建的一個(gè)新委員會(huì)上周呼吁各國(guó)政府以一種更系統(tǒng)的方式解決科學(xué)不當(dāng)行為和虛假發(fā)表。

2.COPE的成員包括《柳葉刀》《腸道》和《美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)雜志》的編輯，邀請(qǐng)了100多名其他編輯在這里討論這個(gè)問題的范圍，以及如何處理提交給他們審查的出版物中的不當(dāng)行為證據(jù)。

3.由于擔(dān)心違反誹謗法，這些事件的描述沒有透露姓名，這樣將案件公布于眾的告密者的職業(yè)生涯就不會(huì)受到損害。

4.德國(guó)首要的研究機(jī)構(gòu)馬克斯?普朗克學(xué)會(huì)(MaxPlanckSociety)也在對(duì)可能采取的幫助打擊不當(dāng)行為的程序進(jìn)行審查，結(jié)果也將很快公布。

5.美國(guó)研究誠(chéng)信辦公室(OfficeofResearchIntegrity)只有在涉及到政府資金的情況下才能調(diào)查不當(dāng)行為指控，與此不同的是，丹麥委員會(huì)可以在整個(gè)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域開展工作。

8.單選題

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe討厭，厭惡;remark評(píng)論,談及;uphold支持,贊成;systematize系統(tǒng)化。句意：他想自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，但又討厭處理工資、應(yīng)對(duì)政府法規(guī)和處理收益上的瑣事。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Theroof（

）undertheweightofthesnow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fell

B.submerged

C.collapsed

D.descended

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fall“跌下，掉落”；submerge“淹沒，沉浸”；collapse“倒塌”；descend“下降，下去”。句意：在大雪的壓迫下，房頂坍塌了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

OrientalRadiohasdecidedtocancelthispopstarfroma/an()broadcastforhisbreachofcontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lively

B.alive

C.live

D.living

【答案】C

【解析】lively活潑的，生動(dòng)的；alive活著的；live活的，生動(dòng)的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的；living現(xiàn)存的，逼真的。句意：東方電臺(tái)已決定取消這位流行歌星的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)廣播，因?yàn)樗`反了合同。只有選項(xiàng)C有直播的意思，所以正確。

11.單選題

（）nooneissurewhodiscoveredAmerica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asamatteroffact

B.Asthefactofmatter

C.Asthematteroffact

D.Asafactualmatter

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Asamatteroffact“事實(shí)上”；B選項(xiàng)Asthefactofmatter“作為事實(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)Asthematteroffact“事實(shí)上”；D選項(xiàng)Asafactualmatter（沒有這個(gè)搭配）句意：……沒有人確定是誰發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。根據(jù)句意，可排除B，D選項(xiàng)，由于這里不是特指，可排除C選項(xiàng)，由此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

ImaystillbefeelingtheeffectsofanesthesiawhenIcomehomefromthehospital,soIhopeyouarewillingtoaccompanywithmetheretomorrowandbringmeback.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.maystillbefeeling

B.whenIcomehomefromthe

C.arewilling

D.accompanywithme

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)誤用。去掉with。由關(guān)鍵詞“there那里”知這里表示“陪我到那里”意思，這里應(yīng)用accompanysb.tosomewhere陪某人到某地”，再由there“在那里”這個(gè)副詞前一般不用i詞to（如gothere“去那里”）知這里直接去掉with就可以了。accompanywithsb.意思為“陪伴某人”（后面一般不接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞）。

13.單選題

ThepompandceremonywithwhichPresidentBarackObamawillhostIndia’sPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghataWhiteHouse-statedinneronTuesdaywon’talteraperceptioninIndiathatithaslostgroundtoChinainthenewAdministration’sAsiapolicy.ManyinNewDelhisawObama’sperformancelastweekinBeijingasacquiescenttowardanemboldenedBeijing,NewDelhi’slongtimeregionalrival.AndtheyseeIndiahavingadiminishedroleintheeconomicandgeopoliticalcalculationsofObama’sWhiteHouse—atleastincomparisontothecentralityitenjoyedintheBushAdministration’sAsiapolicy.

TheymayhavewincedathisblundersinIraqandelsewhere,butmanyIndianswelcomedPresidentBush’sembrace,whichstrengthenedtiesbetweentheworld’slargestdemocraciestoanunprecedenteddegreeafterdecadesofColdWarestrangement.SinghfacedoppositionathomefrompartiesskepticalofclosetieswiththeU.S.,butstakedhispoliticalreputationonthegrowingrelationship—hisgovernmentwasalmostdeposedbypartiesoftheleftprotestinganuclear—technologydealheconcludedwiththeBushAdministration.

“UnderBush,IndiawasbeingencouragedtobeanAsianpower,”saysBrahmaChellaney,professorofstrategicstudiesattheCentreforPolicyResearch,aNewDelhi-basedthinktank.ImplicitintheBushagendawastheideaofhelpingarisingIndiabecomeademocraticbulwarkagainstauthoritarianChina.“Now”saysChellaney,“Obamaseesthingsthroughadifferentprism.”

OneexampleofthechangehasbeentheObamaAdministration’sscrappingofwhathadbeenknownasthequadrilateralinitiative,aloosealliancebetweenWashingtonandthreeotherprominentdemocraciesintheregion—India,JapanandAustralia—thatstagedjointnavalexercisesin2008.Chinasawtheinitiativeasdesignedtocreateasecuritybloctocontainit,andintheinterestsofimprovingrelationswithBeijing,Obamahasdeclinedtopursueit.

IndiananalystsbelieveObama’sforeignpolicyteammostlythinksofIndiainthecontextofotherregionalchallenges,particularlythedeterioratingsituationinAfghanistanandPakistan.China,withitsboomingeconomyandpositionasAmerica’sprimarycreditor,nowcarriesfarmoreweightinU.S.calculations.“ThegroundrealityisIndiaatthemomentdoesnotcountfortheU.S.inthesamewaythatChinaandPakistando,”saysBahukutumbiRaman,aformertopIndianintelligenceofficialandheadoftheCentreforTopicalStudiesinChennai.

Partofthepriceforthatnewreality,manyinIndiabelieve,isadowngradingoftheirownconcerns.SinghwillbeintheU.S.ontheanniversaryoflastyear’sMumbaiterrorattacks,traditionaltiestoPakistan’smilitaryintelligenceorganization,theISI.ButwhileObamaandhisAfghanistanenvoy,RichardHolbrooke,haveurgedIndiatomakeconcessionsonthedecades-oldKashmirdisputeinordertohelpWashington’seffortstopersuadethePakistanistofocusmoreresourcesonfightingtheTaliban,littlehasbeendonetocoercePakistantocrackdownonextremistgroupsusingitsterritoryasabasefortargetingIndia.TheagendaforSingh’svisitincludestalksonboostingintelligenceandcounterterrorismefforts,butIndiaremainsunwillingtobroachKashmirwithPakistanuntilIslamabaddemonstratesacommitmenttocrackdownonjihadistgroupsinitsmidst.

MoretroublingfortheIndiansthantheObamaAdministration’sprioritizingofAfghanistanwasaparagraphinthejointstatementreleasedduringthePresidentsBeijingvisit:itwelcomedChineseinvolvementinSouthAsiaandspokeofBeijing’sabilityto“promotepeace,stabilityanddevelopmentinthatregion.”InNewDelhi,thiswasreadasasignofU.S.acceptanceofChinaviewingSouthAsia—India’sneighborhood—aspartofitsownsphereofinfluence.Chellaneysawthestatementasa“returntoakindofColdWarthinkingwheretwogreatpowerscandictatetermstoalesserone.”China’slong-standingborderdisputeswithIndia,anditsbuildingupofthePakistanimilitary,makesmanyinNewDelhireluctanttowelcomeBeijingasabenignpresence.Indeed,somefearIndiaisbeingencircledbyChineselisteningpostsandbasesaroundtheIndianOcean.AndwhentensionsspikedlastmonthoverChinapressingitsclaimtoterritoryinsideIndia,theU.S.remainedsilent.India’sgovernmentinsiststhere’sroomenoughforbothIndiaandChinatopeacefullyemergeasworldpowers,andSinghhasmadenocomplaintsaboutthechangeinatmosphereinWashington.Hisvisit,heinsists,issimplyanopportunity“torenewthepartnership.”It’lllooktoformalizeelementsofthenucleardealpennedlastyear,whichgrantsIndiaaccesstoarangeoftechnologiesthatithadpreviouslybeenblockedfromacquiring.Measureswillalsobetakentoexpandtrade,promoteeducationallinksandboostcooperationonresearchintovaccines.Thetwosidesarealsoexpectedtosoundtherightnotesonclimatechangewithoutmakinganysubstantialcommitments.

Despitetheirconcernsaboutrecentdevelopmentsintherelationship,manyinIndiaareconfidentintheircountry’slong-termtieswiththeU.S.Morethan3-millionpeopleofIndianoriginnowliveintheU.S.,whileIndianscomprisethebiggestpoolofforeignstudentsinAmericanuniversities,andwealthyIndianprofessionalsarecreatinganincreasinglyeffectiveIndialobbyinWashington.“Indiamaynotbethetopprioritynow”saysRaman,“butthere’snoreasonwhyitwon’tbeinthefuture.”

1.HowdidtheIndiansperceiveObama’sAsianPolicy?

2.WhydoesObamachoosenottopursuethequadrilateralinitiative?

3.FortheIndiagovernment,whatwouldbethedownsideofObama’sAsianpolicy?

4.HowdoestheIndiangovernmentinterpretthejointstatementreleasedduringObama’svisitinBeijing?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheybelievedtheObamaAdministrationappreciatedthefactthatBeijingwasbecomingbolder.

B.TheybelievedIndialostitscentralplaceintheBushAdministrationandObamafurtherdiminisheditsrole.

C.TheythoughtObamawastryingtofurtherstraintherelationsbetweenChinaandIndia,thetwolongtimeregionalrivals.

D.TheywereworryingthatIndiawasslightedbytheObamaAdministration.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesChinashouldbeincludedinthealliance.

B.BecausetheObamaAdministrationbelievesthejointnavalexercisesin2008posedathreatandthusirritatedChina.

C.BecauseinObama’sAsianpolicy,BeijingoutweighsIndia.

D.BecausetheObamaAdministrationdoesnottakeIndiaasaregionalpowerbutratheranelementinthepursuitofregionalpeace.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IndiawilllosesupportfromtheU.S.inmanyissuesofitsmajorconcern.

B.Thelong-standingborderdisputesbetweenIndiaandChinawouldnotbesolvedinthenearfuture.

C.IndiawouldfacemoreproblemscrackingdownterrorismsupportedbyPakistan.

D.IndiawouldfeelpowerlessincontainingChina.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AColdWarwouldbreakoutbetweenIndiaandChina.

B.ChinawouldexertherinfluencetoSouthAsiancountries,includingIndia.

C.TheU.S.andChinawouldjointlycontainIndiawhichisanemergingpower.

D.PakistanwouldgetmoresupportfromChinaandtheU.S.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.SomeIndiananalystsareoptimisticabouttheIndian-USrelations.

B.LiketheBushAdministration,theObamaAdministrationtakesbothChinaandIndiaasrisingpowers.

C.TheObamaAdministrationprioritizesAfghanistanandPakistan