考研考博-英語-四川衛(wèi)生康復(fù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川衛(wèi)生康復(fù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theboywhoistalkingwithyourteacheris（）anathlete.

問題1選項

A.anythingbut

B.nonebut

C.allbut

D.somethingbut

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組搭配。A選項anythingbut“根本不；絕不”；B選項nonebut“只是；僅”；C選項allbut“幾乎；差不多”；D選項somethingbut沒有此類搭配。句意：和你老師正在說話的那個男孩絕不是一個運動員。A選項詞組更加貼合句意邏輯，故選A。

2.單選題

TheConstitution（

）thePresident’stermofofficetofouryears.

問題1選項

A.limits

B.refrains

C.confines

D.restricts

【答案】A

【解析】句意:憲法規(guī)定總統(tǒng)的任期為4年。

考查近義詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。Limit限制，限定（一般指事先確定空間、時間或數(shù)量的極限）;refrain克制，避免,不及物動詞,后面跟介詞from;confine限制，禁閉（側(cè)重施加不可逾越的限制，有時暗示束縛、囚禁）;restrict限制，約束（指把某人或物限制在一定范圍之內(nèi)）。此處側(cè)重指時間上的限制,故選A。

3.單選題

Thestormsweepingoverthisarenowissuretocause（）ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

問題1選項

A.scarcity

B.rarity

C.variety

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scarcity“短缺、稀缺”；B選項rarity“罕見、珍品”；C選項variety“多樣、種類”；D選項invalidity“無效、無價值”，句意為：在未來幾天席卷這里的風(fēng)暴肯定會造成蔬菜短缺。scarcity“短缺、稀缺”符合題意，因此選項A正確。

4.單選題

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinuetooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixinglegalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.

Itseemsthatonlywhengovernmentdecidesitcanaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesisthereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbetimeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovideleadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.

Wearebeingasked,andinfact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.

Wemustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcitylimits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmediadistortionandpublicconfusion.

Ibelievewehaveathree-partmissionforthepresent.First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecanmakeforthemselves.Second,wemustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetweenenvironmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

1.Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregardenvironmentalprotectionchieflybecause（）.

2.Themaintasknowfacingecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationistsis（）.

3.Theword"tunnel-visioned"(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablymeans“（）”.

4.Whichofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,shouldplaytheleadingroleinthesolutionofenvironmentalproblems?

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

B.theyarereluctanttosacrificetheirowneconomicinterests

C.timehasnotyetcomeforthemtoputdueemphasisonit

D.itisdifficultforthemtotakeeffectivemeasures

問題2選項

A.topreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandpersuasion

B.toarousepublicawarenessoftheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

C.totakeradicalmeasurestocontrolenvironmentalpollution

D.toimprovethequalityoflifebyenforcingenvironmentalstandards

問題3選項

A.narrow-minded

B.blindtothefacts

C.short-sighted

D.abletoseeonlyoneaspect

問題4選項

A.Legislationandgovernmentintervention

B.Theindustry'sunderstandingandsupport.

C.Theeffortsofenvironmentalhealthprofessionals

D.Thecooperationofecologists,environmentalactivistsandconservationists

問題5選項

A.Effortsshouldbeexertedonpollutionpreventioninsteadofonremedialmeasures

B.Moremoneyshouldbespentinordertostoppollution

C.Ordinarycitizenshavenoaccesstotechnicalinformationonpollution

D.Environmentaldegradationwillbestoppedbytheendofthisdecade

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A項“他們不知道自己行為的后果”，B項“他們不愿意犧牲自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”，C項“他們應(yīng)該重視環(huán)境保護(hù)的時間還沒有到來”，D項“他們很難采取有效措施”。文章第一段提到“...notonlyinacceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.不僅僅是接受責(zé)任，更重要的是采取措施”可知工業(yè)家們忽視環(huán)境保護(hù)主要是因為B項，故選B。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A項“通過立法、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵和勸說來防止污染”，B項“喚起公眾對環(huán)境保護(hù)重要性的認(rèn)識”，C項“采取激進(jìn)措施控制環(huán)境污染”，D項“通過執(zhí)行環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來提高生活質(zhì)量”。從四個選項中可看出ACD三項為政府行為，同時文章第三段提到“Yes,theecologists,theenvironmentalactivistsandtheconservationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinkingandpromotebehavioralchange.是的，生態(tài)學(xué)家、環(huán)境活動家和自然保護(hù)主義者致力于交流、激發(fā)和促進(jìn)來推進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)?！笨芍狟項正確，故選B。

3.詞匯題。A項“心胸狹隘的”；B項“無視事實”；C項“目光短淺的”；D項“片面的”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectivetomaketheobjectivedecisions.我們必須從各個角度看待問題，做出客觀的決定”‘‘Wecannolongeraffordtobetunnel-visionedinourapproach.在方法上，我們不能再tunnel-visioned”可知“tunnel-visioned”的意思為“片面的，只看到一面的”，故選D。

4.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A項“立法和政府干預(yù)”，B項“企業(yè)的理解和支持”，C項“環(huán)境衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員的努力”，D項“生態(tài)學(xué)家，環(huán)境活動家和自然資源保護(hù)者的合作”。題干提問“哪一項應(yīng)在解決環(huán)境問題方面發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用”。文章第三段提到“However,itisthoseofuswhoarepaidtomakethedecisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomustleadthecharge.然而，我們中那些付了薪水來決定發(fā)展、改進(jìn)和強(qiáng)制實施環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人必須是領(lǐng)頭人"，理解此句的關(guān)鍵在于明白“us”所指，第三段第二句提到“Itisourresponsibilityasprofessionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference我們作為環(huán)境衛(wèi)生專業(yè)人員有責(zé)任發(fā)揮作用”可知，“我們的責(zé)任”指的是“我們作為專家的責(zé)任”，因此，us是指的專家，故選C。

5.判斷推理題。A項“應(yīng)努力防止污染，而不是采取補救措施”，B項“為了防止污染，應(yīng)該花更多的錢”，C項“普通公民無法獲得有關(guān)污染的技術(shù)信息”，D項“環(huán)境退化將在本世紀(jì)末停止”。文章最后一段提到“Wewillthenbeabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.我們到那時將可以把用在環(huán)保上的錢真正地用在環(huán)保預(yù)防而不是補救上”可知A項符合題意。B項在文中沒有提及；最后一段提到“...wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationinaformthatcitizenscanunderstand.我們必須能夠以公民可以理解的形式交流技術(shù)信息”可知C項不正確；最后一段中“Ifwecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,maybewecanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.如果我們能在這十年里實現(xiàn)這三個目標(biāo)，也許我們最終可以讓環(huán)境停止退化，而不只是防止環(huán)境退化”中“if”表明是一個假設(shè)的條件，故D項不正確。故選A。

5.單選題

Hecameallthewaytohelpher______thatshehaddrownedherselfinawell.

問題1選項

A.onlytofind

B.tofind

C.inordertofind

D.soastofind

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他一路趕來幫助她，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她投井自盡了。A選項onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B選項tofind“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C選項inordertofind“為了發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D選項soastofind“以便發(fā)現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境，A選項onlytofind“結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

6.單選題

______thatthey’reyoungandinexperienced,they’vedonequiteagoodjob.

問題1選項

A.Being

B.Provided

C.Given

D.Now

【答案】C

【解析】考查分詞性從屬連詞。句意：考慮到他們年輕又沒有經(jīng)驗，他們已經(jīng)做得相當(dāng)不錯了。giventhat是一個詞組，意為“鑒于，考慮到”，后面所跟的從句是基于共同的認(rèn)識和已有的事實。因此C選項正確。

7.單選題

Habitscanbeconsciouslystrengthened,aswhenastudentoftheviolinpracticesandmemorizesdifferentfingerings.

問題1選項

A.conveniently

B.lastingly

C.intentionally

D.robustly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。consciously表示“自覺地，有意識的”。A項conveniently“便利地，合宜地”，B項lastingly“持續(xù)地”，C項intentionally“故意地，有意地”，D項robustly“粗魯?shù)?，堅定地”。句意：?xí)慣可以有意識地加強(qiáng)，就像一個學(xué)小提琴的學(xué)生練習(xí)和記憶不同的指法一樣。根據(jù)題意該題選C。

8.單選題

Beinginnogreathurry,（

）.

問題1選項

A.wewentthelongrouteandscenery

B.thelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

C.wetookthelong,scenicroute

D.ourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute.

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語前半句為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)為we.采取……路線通常用take…route.故C項正確。句意：由于我們不趕時間，所以選了一條長的，風(fēng)景好的路線。

9.單選題

Thesafarihunterwasnearly（

）todeathbyaherdofelephants.

問題1選項

A.stampeded

B.trampled

C.trod

D.stamped

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。stampede“逃竄，涌向”；trample“踐踏，蹂躪”；tread“踩，踏”；stamp“用腳踩踏”。句意：野生動物獵人差點被一群大象踩死。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

III.(InternationalLaw)

OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.Indeed,notwithstandingthediscussionabove,onemightstillarguethatPresidentBushdecidedinsummerof2002toinvadeIraqand,whileheplayedagameofdiscussionsattheUnitedNationsandwithalliesaboutinternationallaw,attheendofthedaytheUnitedStateswentaheadandinvadedwhenthosediscussionsdidnotproceedtotheU.S.liking.CertainlytherhetoricofPresidentBushwouldsupportsuchaclaim:inthecourseoftakingtheU.S.casetotheUnitedNations,PresidentBushrepeatedlystatedthattheUnitedStateswantedU.N.supportbut,ifsuchsupportwasnotforthcoming,theUnitedStateswouldstilltakeactiontoenforceIraq’sWMDobligations.

ThereisprobablynodefinitivewaytodisprovetheargumentthattheBushadministrationwassetoninvadingIraqnomatterwhathappenedattheUnitedNations.OnemightspeculateinresponsethathadtherebeennoplausiblelegaljustificationwhatsoeveravailabletotheBushadministration,thennoforeignstateswouldhavealliedthemselveswiththeUnitedStates,U.S.publicopinionwouldnothaveshifted,andtheBushadministrationultimatelywouldhavecontinuedtopursueweaponsinspectionsratherthananinvasion,orwouldhaveengagedinalesseruseofforce(akintothebombingsof1998).Theimportanceoftheinternalandexternalfactorsdiscussedaboveprovidessomesupporttosuchspeculation,butcannotleadtoanydefinitiveconclusions.

Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.

SeanD.Murphy:“AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq”

59.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttopicfortheaboveparagraphs?

60.Accordingtotheauthor,thebiggestvictimoftheIraqwaris___.

61.Readingtheseparagraphs,onecanseethattheauthor___.

62.Thelastparagraphmeansthat___.

問題1選項

A.InternationalLawandtheIraqWar

B.AssessingtheLegalityofInvadingIraq

C.InternationalLawhasLittleForceConstrainingStateBehavior

D.TheUnitedNationsandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.theUnitedNations

B.personsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar

C.theintegrityoftheUnitedNations

D.theBushAdministration

問題3選項

A.holdsuptheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

B.opposestheBushAdministrationinlaunchingtheIraqwar

C.expressesnoopinionofprosorconsoftheIraqwar

D.takesaneutralpositioninanalyzingthelegalityoftheIraqwar

問題4選項

A.todrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheU.S.appearsmistaken

B.itisamistaketodrawsweepingconclusionsaboutthefunctionofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil

C.oneshouldnotgetconclusionregardingthefunctionofinternationallawonuseofforcefromtheUSinvasionofIraq

D.itiswrongtogetextensiveconclusionregardingtheefficiencyofinternationallawonuseofforceanduseoftheSecurityCouncilfromtheUSinvasionofIraq

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】59.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開頭OnemightacceptthatinternationallawandinternationalinstitutionsplayedanimportantroleintheeventsleadinguptotheU.S.invasionofIraq,butstillbeoftheviewthat,ultimately,thefactoftheinvasion—inthefaceofnopersuasivelegaljustification—discreditstheideathatinternationalrulesontheuseofforceconstrainstatebehaviorandtheideathattheSecurityCouncilplaysanimportantroleincoordinatingcollectivesecurity.（有人可能會接受國際法和國際機(jī)構(gòu)在導(dǎo)致美國入侵伊拉克的事件中發(fā)揮了重要作用，但仍然認(rèn)為，最終，由于沒有令人信服的法律依據(jù)，這次入侵的事實使關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則約束國家行為的想法和安理會在協(xié)調(diào)集體安全方面發(fā)揮重要作用的想法不可信），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者主要在探討分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性，選B選項“入侵伊拉克的合法性評估”；通讀全文可知，國際法只是文章中所提到的片面內(nèi)容，A選項“國際法和伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”不能概括全文，排除；C選項“國際法對國家行為的約束力很小”和D選項“聯(lián)合國和美國”不是文章主要探討的內(nèi)容，排除。因此B選項正確。

60.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“thebiggestvictim”定位到原文第一段OneefforttodeterminetheattitudesofpersonsworldwideintheaftermathoftheinvasionindicatedthatoneofthebiggestcasualtiesofthewarwasthecredibilityoftheUnitedNations,forpersonsinstatesthatbothopposedandsupportedthewar.（一項確定全世界人民在入侵后態(tài)度的努力表明，戰(zhàn)爭最大的傷亡之一是聯(lián)合國對反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的國家的人的信譽）可知伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的最大受害者是聯(lián)合國的信譽，選C選項“聯(lián)合國的誠信”，同時可知A選項“聯(lián)合國”范圍過大，排除；B選項“反對和支持戰(zhàn)爭的各州的人”以及D選項“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C選項正確。

61.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到原文最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知作者認(rèn)為關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的，即反對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭，選B選項“反對布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”，同時可知A選項“阻礙布什政府發(fā)動伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭”錯誤，作者只是反對，不是阻礙，C選項“沒有表達(dá)對伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的贊成或反對意見”和D選項“在分析伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭的合法性時采取中立立場”錯誤，作者有明確的表明自己的觀點。因此B選項正確。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Atthesametime,itappearsmistakentodrawsweepingconclusionsfromthefactoftheU.S.invasionofIraqaboutthegeneralefficacyofinternationalrulesontheuseofforceortheutilityoftheSecurityCouncil.（與此同時，從美國入侵伊拉克的事實中得出關(guān)于國際使用武力規(guī)則或安理會效用的普遍效力的結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的）可知選D選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就得出關(guān)于使用武力和安理會使用的國際法有效性的廣泛結(jié)論是錯誤的”；A選項“從美國那里得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際規(guī)則的作用或安理會的效用的籠統(tǒng)結(jié)論似乎是錯誤的”，B選項“就關(guān)于使用武力或安全理事會效用的國際規(guī)則的作用得出籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論是錯誤的”以及C選項“從美國入侵伊拉克就不能得出關(guān)于使用武力的國際法的作用的結(jié)論”都和原文表達(dá)的含義有偏差。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

AlanPattonfoundthatinsuchaquick-fixedsociety,somepeopleevendon’tbothertoreadamasterpiece（

）.

問題1選項

A.inthedetail

B.inthedetails

C.indetail

D.indetails

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。C選項indetail“詳細(xì)地”，介詞短語能做狀語；D選項indetails“逐個地”，一般和動詞搭配使用，表示一部分一部分地處理。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bothertoreadamasterpiece辛苦地去讀著作”，可知空格部分indetail符合題意，句意為：阿蘭?帕頓發(fā)現(xiàn)在這樣一個快節(jié)奏的社會，一些人甚至懶得詳細(xì)地去讀某部著作。故正確答案選C。

12.單選題

Theoldpapermillhasbeen（）tomakewayforanewshoppingcenter.

問題1選項

A.helddown

B.keptdown

C.cutdown

D.turndown

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項helddown“抑制”；B選項keptdown“控制”；C選項cutdown“削減”；D選項turndown“推倒”。句意：舊造紙廠已被拆除，以便騰出地方建一個新的購物中心。本句表示拆除舊造紙廠，因此D選項正確。

13.單選題

Awell-establisheddistinctioninmemorytheoryisthatbetweenshort-termandlong-termmemory.Theformerreferstoourabilitytodosuchthingsasremembertelephonenumberslongenoughtodialthem,thelatter-concernsthewiderangeofwaysinwhichexperiencecanaffectbehaviormanyyearslater.Giventhetwodifferentkindsofability,itisreasonabletohypothesizethateachisrepresenteddifferentlyinthebrain.Anexperimentwasdesignedtotestthehypothesisthatlong-termmemoryimpliesachemicalchangeinthebraincells,whileshort-termmemoryinvolvespatternsofimpulsesinelectricofservecells.

Onegroupofratsweretaughttorunthroughamaze.Fiveminutesafterlearningthetask,theywerecooledto5°C,thetemperatureatwhichallelectricalactivityinthebrainceased.Theyweretenkeptatthistemperaturefor15minutesbeforebeingallowedtotheirnormaltemperature.Theywerethenrunthroughthemaze,again.

Asecondgroupofratsweretaughttorunthesamemaze,andthenimmediatelycooledto5°Cfor15minutes.Alterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirtemperature,anattemptwasmadetorunthesecondgroupthroughthemazeagain.Itwasfoundthatratsinthefirstgrouphadnodifficultywiththemazethesecondtime,suggestingthattheydidnothavetorelearnthetask.Ratsinthesecondgroupwhichwascooledimmediatelyafterlearningthemaze,ontheotherhand,couldnotnegotiatethemazesuccessfully,i.e.,theyapparentlycouldnotrememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory.Long-termmemory,incontrast,isunaffectedbythedisruptionofelectricalactivityandmayinvolvestructuralchangesinbraincells.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Rememberingaddressbelongsto（

）.

3.Theexperimentsoftwogroups（

）.

4.Ifratscooledto5℃for15minutesimmediately,whatwillhappenafterbeingallowedtoreturntotheirnormaltemperature?

5.Electricalimpulsesaffect（

）.

問題1選項

A.Thedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.

B.Theexperimentoftwogroupsofrats.

C.Thetemperatureforratstolosetheirmemory.

D.Theimportanceofmemory.

問題2選項

A.short-termmemory

B.long-termmemory

C.bothAandB

D.neitherAorB

問題3選項

A.temperatureaffectsrats’memory

B.therelationshipbetweentemperatureandmemoryisveryclear

C.thereisdistinctionbetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory

D.ratscanrelearnthetaskafterforgettingit

問題4選項

A.Theyhavenodifficultincrossingthesamemaze.

B.Theylosetheirwayinthemaze..

C.Theycanrememberthewaycorrectly.

D.Theygothroughthemazeafterseveraltrying.

問題5選項

A.long-termmemory

B.short-termmemory

C.structuralchanges

D.braincells

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了關(guān)于短期記憶和長期記憶的區(qū)別的科學(xué)假設(shè)，選項A符合題意。

2.文章第一段指出記電話號碼是短期記憶，所以記地址也是短期記憶，選項A符合題意。

3.文章最后一段第一句話itwasconcludefromthisexperimentthatshort-timememory(inrats,atleast)isunlikelong-termmemory明確提出實驗證明了短期記憶與長期記憶是不同的。選項C符合題意。

4.文章第三段提到第二組老鼠的體溫被立即降到5攝氏度，結(jié)果是它們沒有成功走過迷宮。選項B符合題意。

5.文章最后一段Short-termmemoryinvolveselectricalimpulsessinceatatemperaturewhereelectricalactivityceases,thereisnomemory提到短跑受電流脈沖的影響，所以選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Thevisitingprofessorwasso（）inhisfieldthatmanyofourfacultymembersbecamenervousinhispresence.

問題1選項

A.imminent

B.eminent

C.precedent

D.prudent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項imminent“即將來臨的，迫近的”，B項eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C項precedent“在前的，在先的”，D項prudent“謹(jǐn)慎的，精明的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞visitingprofessor（客座教授）可知，空格部分應(yīng)該修飾人，A、C選項排除；根據(jù)后面的從句manyofourfacultymembersbecamenervousinhispresence（許多教員一見到他就緊張起來）可知，D項不太符合句意，故B項正確。句意：這位客座教授在他的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)是如此的杰出，以至于我們的許多教員一見到他就緊張起來。故該題選擇B項正確。

15.單選題

Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecan（

）thesurroundings.

問題1選項

A.explore

B.expose

C.exploit

D.expand

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。explore意為“勘查，探測”；expose意為“揭露，揭發(fā)”；exploit意為“利用，開采”；expand意為“擴(kuò)大，增加”。由句中的“theradar（雷達(dá)）”可知其作用是用來探測，因此選A。

句意：通過將雷達(dá)波束緩慢地繞著圈移動，我們可以探測周圍環(huán)境。

16.翻譯題

Likewaistlinesinmanyprosperouscountries,cellphonesaregoingXXLandsomeoftheirownersarestrugglingtotuckthemin.

JeremyRoche,47yearsold,ownsaSamsungGalaxyNoteIIphonethatisabout75%largerthantheoriginalAppleInc.iPhone,androughlythesizeandheftofanextra-largeHershey’schocolatebar,withaboutaninchnibbledofftheend.It“didfeelweird”atfirsttoholdhisbigphonetohisheadforcalls,hesays,butnowheloveshisamplescreen.

Afteryearsofevolutionfrombrick-sizemonstrositiesintoslimpocketdevices,cellphonesaregoinginreverse.SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.iscredited—orblamed一withbringingbigphonesbackintothemainstreamwithdevicesliketheoriginal5.3-inchNote,introducedoutsidetheU.S.inlate2011.

Sometechreviewersatthetimederidedthebigphoneas“silly”，and“aphonedesignedforgiants.”Butsalesboomed,andothermakershavefollowedwithstill-bigger“phablets”,astechiesarcbeginningtocallthem—acrossbetweenaphoneandatablet.

FaresFayad,a39-year-oldconsultantinDubai,saysheusedtothinka3.5-inchcellphonescreenwasjustright,untilhetriedtheiPhone5,whichhasa4-inchscreen.“Idon’tbelieveIcangobacktotheslightlysmallerscreen,”Mr.Fayadsays,

Someergonomicsexpertsworrylamephonescouldposeaninjuryrisk.“Asthestretchtoreachallareasofthescreenincreases,wemightstarttoseemoreseriousrepetitivestressinjurieslikelytothethumbsinlargertouch-screendevices”,saysAnthonyAndre,aprofessorofhumanfactorsandergonomicsatSanJoseStateUniversity.

【答案】就像許多富裕國家居民的腰圍一樣，如今手機(jī)的尺寸也在逐漸增大，一些手機(jī)用戶在費盡心思想把它們?nèi)M(jìn)自己的兜里。

在經(jīng)歷了多年來從磚頭般的龐然大物向小巧口袋設(shè)備的演變后，如今手機(jī)又踏上了回頭路。

有的科技評論家當(dāng)時曾譏諷這款巨型手機(jī)“傻傻的”、“專為巨人設(shè)計”。

但巨型手機(jī)的銷量卻實現(xiàn)了激增，其他手機(jī)生產(chǎn)商也紛紛跟風(fēng)推出了越來越大的、科技專家開始稱之為“平板手機(jī)”的產(chǎn)品手機(jī)和平板電腦的跨界組合。

人類工程學(xué)的一些專家擔(dān)心巨型手機(jī)可能會帶來損傷的風(fēng)險。由于觸控全屏需增加拉伸的幅度，我們可能會開始看到越來越多由大型觸屏電子設(shè)備引發(fā)的嚴(yán)重累積性-創(chuàng)傷失調(diào)，例如對拇指的損害。

17.翻譯題

航天是當(dāng)今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動性的高科技領(lǐng)域之一，航天活動深刻改變了人類對宇宙的認(rèn)知，為人類社會進(jìn)步提供了重要動力。當(dāng)前，越來越多的國家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

18.單選題

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular（）.

問題1選項

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項welcome“歡迎”；B選項applause“歡呼，喝彩”；C選項appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D選項appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”。句意：有時候，藝術(shù)家發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的作品很難贏得大眾的欣賞。選項D符合語境。

19.單選題

Thetwopharmaceuticalcompaniescollaboratedindevelopingnewdrugsto（）thepainofpatientsintheterminalstagesofcancer.

問題1選項

A.alleviate

B.confront

C.insulate

D.terminate

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。alleviate"減輕,緩和";confront"勇敢地面對,正視";insulate"使絕緣,使隔離";terminate"結(jié)束,終止"。句意：這兩家制藥公司合作開發(fā)新藥，以減輕癌癥晚期患者的痛苦。選項A符合句意。

20.單選題

Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問題1選項

A.successive

B.succeeding

C.subordinate

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。successive意為“連續(xù)的，相繼的”；succeeding意為“以后的，隨后的”；subordinate意為“級別或職位較低的”；subsequent意為“后來的”。

句意：他在公司正處于一個低級的職位，他期望能很快晉升。

21.單選題

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

問題1選項

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:沒有人知道他是怎么想出這么一個旅行點子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厭煩的。twilight:虛幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意見一致的。weird:怪異的，不可思議的。故D項符合句意。

22.單選題

Lookingahead,hedecidedto（）hispresentjob.

問題1選項

A.stickto

B.stickup

C.stickwith

D.stickdown

【答案】A

【解析】句意:考慮得長遠(yuǎn)些，他決定堅持做目前的工作。

考查短語辨析。stickto堅持;stickup豎起;stickwith繼續(xù)做…；stickdown把…寫下來，放下。因此A項符合句意。

23.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards——whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“Thethoughtthat‘I’minitforme’hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”Ms.Elshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalamentforsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishfullongingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問題1選項

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問題2選項

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問題3選項

A.Greatmobility.

B.Concernforone’sneighbors.

C.Emphasisonindividualeffort

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.

問題4選項

A.wassomethingunheardof

B.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

C.attractedalotofpublicattention

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問題5選項

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Elshtain&pleased”定位到第一段”Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.”由此可知,Elshtain教授很高興看到大多數(shù)美國人開始認(rèn)識到社會道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降。選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)到第三段的二、三句,“MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.”美國社會的物質(zhì)主義和個人主義是最大的障礙。選項B以自我為中心的個人主義思想，符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句話,“Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother.”可知，選項B正確。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“1950”定位到第三段第二句話,“DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.”“unheardofinthe1950s”