考研考博-英語-山東經(jīng)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東經(jīng)貿(mào)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962,onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949.Steinbeckhadbeenconsideredonthoseoccasionsandalsoin1945.Asthehonorisbyfarthegreatestanywritercanreceive,Steinbeckwaselated.Thefeelingofelationwastemperedslightly,however,bytheobservationexpressedbySteinbeckin1956，thatrecipientsoftheNobelPrizeseldomwriteanythingofvalueafterwards.HecitedHemingwayandFaulknerasexamples,minimizingthepointthatbythetimeoftheirselectionmostwritershadalreadywrittentheirbestwork.Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself,Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe4*couldbeattherap'Likehiscontemporaries,andothersaswell,however,hedidnot.

Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature.

1.InwhatyearwasSteinbecksixtyyearsold?

2.Accordingtothepassage,Steinbeckwrotehisbestwork（

）.

3.Before1949,howmanyAmericanshadreceivedtheNobelPrizeforliterature?

4.Inthesecondparagraph,thephrase"doesso”refersto

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardJohnSteinbeck?

問題1選項

A.1949

B.1954

C.1956

D.1962

問題2選項

A.inanexpressivestyle

B.beforereceivingtheNobelPrize

C.whilehewasfeelingelated

D.guidedbyhiscontemporaries

問題3選項

A.Two

B.Three

C.Four

D.Five

問題4選項

A.feelelatedatreceivingtheNobelPrize

B.accepttheNobelPrizeifnominated

C.writewellafterreceivingtheNobelPrize

D.honorNobelPrizewinnersofthepast

問題5選項

A.Steinbeckwasanexceptionallydifferentauthor

B.SteinbeckshouldhavereceivedtheNobelPrizeearlier

C.Steinbeckwroteequallywellthroughouthislife

D.Steinbeckearnedhisreputationwellbefore1962

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前),以及后面說到:Attheageofsixty,whenhereceivedtheawardshimself(60歲時，在他（約翰?斯坦貝克）自己得到該獎項（即諾貝爾文學(xué)獎）后),由此可知D項“1962年”正確。

2.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Therewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoesso,forSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要)約翰?斯坦貝克在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為他在很早以前己經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了。由此可知B項“在獲得諾貝爾獎之前”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:BeforetheNobelPrizeinliteraturewasawardedtoJohnSteinbeckin1962，onlyfiveAmericanshadbeenpreviouslythushonored,themostrecentbeingErnestHemingwayin1954andWilliamFaulknerin1949(在諾貝爾文學(xué)獎于1962年被授予JohnSteinbeck（約翰?斯坦貝克）之前，只有五位美國人先前受到過如此殊榮，這五位在時間上最近的是1954年的歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威（美國作家）和1949年的威廉??？思{（美國小說家）),由此可知1949年以前獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的美國人有三位。

4.判斷推理題。"doesso”出現(xiàn)在第二段,其所在句是順承前面的句子:Steinbeckwrotetoafriendthathewouldnothaveacceptedtheawardhadhenotbelievedthathewouldcontinuetowritewell,thathe“couldbeattherap”(約翰?斯坦貝克給一位朋友寫信稱，如果他不相信自己將繼續(xù)寫出好作品和能免受指責(zé)（諾貝爾獎得主在得獎后很少寫出有價值的任何東西）的話，那么他將不會接受諾貝爾獎),由此可知C項“獲得諾貝爾獎后寫出好作品”正確。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段指出:TherewasnoexpectationorneedthatthewriterdoessoforSteinbeckhadlongbeforemadehismarkinmodernAmericanliterature(不期望或不需要這位作者（即約翰?斯坦貝克）在得到諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后繼續(xù)寫出好作品，因為約翰?斯坦貝克在很早以前已經(jīng)在現(xiàn)代美國文學(xué)上成名了)。由此可知D項“約翰?斯坦貝克在1962年前已經(jīng)非常出名”正確。

2.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

TheAmericantraditionhasfoundthisviewofhumanhistoryrepugnantandfalse.（1）

Thistraditionseestheworldasmany,notasone.Theseempiricalinstincts,thepreferenceforfactoverlogic,fordeedoverdogma,havefoundtheirmostbrilliantexpressioninthewritingsofWilliamJamesandintheapproachtophilosophicalproblemswhichJamescalled“radicalempiricism”.Againstthebeliefintheall-encompassingpowerofasingleexplanation,againstthecommitmenttotheabsolutismofideology,againstthenotionthatallanswerstopoliticalandsocialproblemscanbefoundinthebackofsomesacredbook,againstthedeterministicinterpretationofhistory,againstthecloseduniverse,（2）

Jamesstoodforwhathecalledtheunfinisheduniverse―auniversemarkedbygrowth,variety,ambiguity,mystery,andcontingency―auniversewherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwherenomortalmanwillevergetanabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth,auniversewheresocialprogressdependsnotoncapitulationtoasingle,all-consumingbodyof

doctrine,butonthe

unforced

intercourseofunconstrainedminds.

Thusideologyandpragmatismdifferradicallyintheirviewsofhistory.Theydifferjustasradicallyintheirapproachtoissuesofpublicpolicy.Theideologist,bymistakingmodelsforreality,alwaysmisleadsastothepossibilitiesandconsequencesofpublicdecision.Thehistoryofthetwentiethcenturyisarecordofthemanifoldwaysinwhichhumanityhasbeenbetrayedbyideology.

Letustakeanexamplefromcontemporaryhistory.（3）

Itisevidentnow,forexample,thatthechoicebetweenprivateandpublicmeans,thatchoicewhichhasobsessedsomuchrecentpoliticalandeconomicdiscussioninunderdevelopedcountries,isnotamatterofreligiousprinciple.Itisnotamoralissuetobedecidedonabsolutistgrounds,eitherbythoseontherightwhoregardtheuseofpublicmeansaswickedandsinful,orbythoseontheleftwhoregardtheuseofprivatemeanswickedandsinful.Itissimplyapracticalquestionastowhichmeanscanbestachievethedesiredend.Itisaproblemtobeanswerednotbytheologybutbyexperienceandexperiment.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse.Theybelongtothevocabularyofdemagoguery,nottothevocabularyofanalysis.

So,withtheinventionofthemixedsociety,pragmatismhastriumphedoverabsolutism.Asaconsequence,theworldiscomingtounderstandthatthemixedeconomyofferedtheinstrumentalitiesthroughwhichonecanunitesocialcontrolwithindividualfreedom.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhowmuchitisexposedbyexperience,thecravingforitstillpersists.Thatcravingwill,nodoubt,alwayspersist,solongasthereishumanhungerforanall-embracing,all-explanatorysystem,solongindeedaspoliticalphilosophyisshapedbythecompulsiontoreturntothewomb.

Theoldestphilosophicalproblem,wehavenoted,istherelationshipbetweentheoneandtheoneandthemany.Surelythebasicconflictofourtimesispreciselytheconflictbetweenthosewhowouldreducetheworldtooneandthosewhoseetheworldasmany—betweenthosewhobelievethattheworldisevolvinginasingledirection,alongasinglepredestinedline,towardasinglepredestinedconclusion,andthosewhothinkthathumanityinthefuture,asinthepast,willcontinuetoevolveindiversedirections,towarddiverseconclusions,accordingtothediversetraditions,values,andpurposesofdiversepeoples.Itisachoice,inshort,betweendogmatismandpragmatism,betweenthetheologicalsocietyandtheexperimentalsociety.

Ideologistsareafraidofthefreeflowofideas,evenofdeviantideaswithintheirownideology.TheyareconvincedtheyhaveamonopolyontheTruth.Thereforetheyalwaysfeelthattheyareonlysavingtheworldwhentheyslaughtertheheretics.（4）

Theirobjectiveremainsthatofmakingtheworldoverintheimageoftheirdogmaticideology.Thegoalisamonolithicworld,organizedondieprincipleofinfallibility—buttheonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.

Thegoaloffreemenisquitedifferent.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth.Theirreligiousandtheirintellectualheritagejoininleadingthemtosuspectfellowmenwholayclaimtoinfallibility.TheybelievethatthereisnogreaterdelusionthanformantomistakehimselfforGod.（5）

Theyacceptthelimitationsofthehumanintellectandtheinfirmityofthehumanspirit.Thedistinctivehumantriumph,intheirjudgment,liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstrivingbuttostrivenonetheless.

【答案】1.這種傳統(tǒng)將世界看成“多”，而不是“一”。威廉?詹姆斯的作品以及詹姆斯所謂的“激進經(jīng)驗主義”對待哲學(xué)問題的方法，最好地表達了這種經(jīng)驗主義的本能，即注重事實而不是推理，注重行為而不是教條。

2.詹姆斯主張被他稱為“未完成的世界”的觀點——一個以成長性、多樣性、不確定性、神秘性、偶然性為特征的世界——一個自由的人們可以找到部分真理、而不是某個凡人獨自掌握了絕對真理的世界；一個社會的進步不是依賴單一、耗盡所有精力的學(xué)說，而是依靠自由思想不受約束的交流的世界。

3.例如，在選擇公有制還是私有制的問題上，發(fā)展中國家在近來的政治經(jīng)濟討論中備受困擾，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)很清楚了，這不是宗教原則問題。

4.他們的追求仍然是根據(jù)他們意識形態(tài)的教條概念去改造世界。他們的目標是按照確定無誤的理論，建造一個龐大而僵化的世界——然而，絕對的體制必然導(dǎo)致權(quán)力的濫用。

5.他們承認人類智力的局限性及心靈的脆弱性。根據(jù)他們的判斷，人類與眾不同的巨大成就在于他們懂得人類的奮斗雖然存在缺憾，但仍然奮斗不息的能力。

3.單選題

Theyuse___salestacticstodefeattheirmajorcompetitor.

問題1選項

A.immoral

B.immortal

C.unscrupulous

D.ambitious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項immoral“不道德的（生活作風(fēng)上的道德上的錯誤）；邪惡的；淫蕩的”；B選項immortal“不朽的；神仙的；長生的”；C選項unscrupulous“肆無忌憚的；寡廉鮮恥的；不講道德的（不誠實或不公平）”；D選項ambitious“野心勃勃的；有雄心的；熱望的；炫耀的”。句意：他們使用___銷售策略來擊敗主要的競爭對手。本句表達“肆無忌憚的銷售策略”，指不誠信、不公平的銷售手段，和生活作風(fēng)無關(guān)。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

3.

問題1選項

A.Totakeiteasyandcontinuetowork.

B.Totakeasickleave.

C.Tokeepawayfromwork.

D.Tohaveafollow-up.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Doc,shouldIstayawayfromwork?

M:No,Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm.

Q:Whatdoesthemantellthewomantodo?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說：Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.Justremembertostaycalm（沒必要不工作，只是要保持冷靜）。

5.單選題

Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.Inturn,thesepolemicshaveelicitedacorrespondingbacklashfromindustry.Thesadeffectofthispolarizationisthatitisnowevenmoredifficultforindustrythanitwasahundredyearsagotorespondappropriatelytoimpactanalysesthatdemandaction.

Unliketoday’sadversaries,earlierecologicalreformerssharedwithadvocatesofindustrialgrowthaconfidenceintimelycorrectiveaction.GeorgeP.Marsh’spioneeringconservationtractManandNature(1864)elicitedwideacclaimwithoutembittereddenials.ManandNaturecastigatedEarth’sdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.Tothecontrary,theygenerallyagreedwithhim.

Why?Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens;theydisputednotthedesirabilityofconqueringnaturebutthebunglingwayinwhichtheconquestwascarriedout.Blamewasnotpersonalized.Marshdenouncedgeneralgreedratherthanparticularentrepreneurs,andthemediadidnothoundmalefactors.Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.Self-interestunderwrotemostprescribedreforms.Marsh’semphasisonfuturestewardshipwasthenawidelyacceptedideal(ifnotpractice).HisecologicaladmonitionswereinkeepingwiththeEnlightenmentpremisethathumanity’smissionwastosubdueandtransformnature.

Notuntilthe1960sdidagloomierperspectivegainpopularground.FredericClements’equilibriummodelofecologydevelopedinthe1930sseemedconsistentwithmountingenvironmentaldisasters.Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.

Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.

61.Whichoneofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?

62.Theauthorreferstotheequilibriummodelofecologyasan“ecologicalmystique”(line1,lastparagraph)mostlikelyinordertodowhichoneofthefollowing?

63.WhichoneofthefollowingpracticesismostclearlyanapplicationofFredericClements’equilibriummodelofecology?

64.ThepassagesuggeststheGeorgeP.Marshandtoday’secologicalreformerswouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatements?

65.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichoneofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentshouldmotivateactiontopreventfurtherdamage.

B.TheecologicalmystiqueidentifiedwithFredericClementshasbecomeareligiousconvictionamongecologicalreformers.

C.Theviewsofecologistsandindustrialgrowthadvocatesconcerningtheenvironmenthaveonlyrecentlybecomepolarized.

D.GeorgeP.Marsh’sideasaboutconservationandstewardshiphaveheavilyinfluencedthepresentdebateovertheenvironment.

問題2選項

A.Expressappreciationforhowplantsandanimalsattainmaximumdiversityandstabilitywhenleftalone.

B.Pointoutthattheequilibriummodelofecologyhasrecentlybeensupportedbyempiricalscientificresearch.

C.Underscorethefervorwithwhichtwentieth-centuryreformersadheretotheequilibriummodel.

D.Indicatethattheideasoftwentieth-centuryecologicalreformersareoftensotheoreticalastobedifficulttounderstand.

問題3選項

A.Introducingaspeciesintoanenvironmenttowhichitisnotnativetohelpcontrolthespreadofanotherspeciesthatnolongerhasanynaturalpredators.

B.Settingareasoflandasidetobemaintainedaswildernessfromwhichtheuseorextractionofnaturalresourcesisprohibited.

C.Usingscientificmethodstoincreasesthestabilityofplantsandanimalsinareaswherespeciesareindangerofbecomingextinct.

D.Developingincentivesforindustriestotakecorrectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.

問題4選項

A.Regulatingindustriesinordertoprotecttheenvironmentdoesnotconflictwiththeself-interestofthoseindustries.

B.Solvingtheenvironmentalcrisisdoesnotrequiredrasticandcostlyremedies.

C.Environmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressareequallyimportantgoals.

D.HumandespoliationoftheEarthhascausedwidespreadenvironmentaldamage.

問題5選項

A.Outliningthebackgroundanddevelopmentofconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebate.

B.Explaininghowconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateareequallyvalid.

C.Determiningwhichoftwoconflictingviewpointsinacurrentdebateismorepersuasive.

D.Providingexamplesofpossiblesolutionstoacurrentcrisis.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】61.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“下列哪個選項最準確地陳述了文章的主要思想？”。文章第一段中指出Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.Mountingevidenceofhumanity’scapacitytodamagetheenvironmentirreversiblycoupledwithsuspicionsthatgovernment,industry,andevensciencemightbeimpotenttopreventenvironmentaldestructionhaveprovokedaccusatorypolemicsonthepartofenvironmentalists.（新出現(xiàn)的是觀點的極端兩極分化；越來越多的證據(jù)表明人類有能力不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地破壞環(huán)境，再加上人們懷疑政府、工業(yè)甚至科學(xué)在防止環(huán)境破壞方面可能無能為力，這引起了環(huán)保主義者的指責(zé)性辯論），由此可知A項“越來越多的證據(jù)表明人類有能力破壞環(huán)境，應(yīng)促使采取行動防止進一步的破壞”正確。B項“弗雷德里克?克萊門茨(FredericClements)所推崇的生態(tài)神秘感，已成為生態(tài)改革者的一種宗教信仰”，最后一段第一句提到Theequilibriummodelbecameanecologicalmystique:environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.（生態(tài)平衡模式變成了一種生態(tài)的神秘性：環(huán)境干擾現(xiàn)在是荒野崇拜的禁忌），由此可知不是一種宗教信仰，B項錯誤；C項“生態(tài)學(xué)家和工業(yè)發(fā)展提倡者在環(huán)境問題上的觀點只在最近才變得兩極化”，only（只有）一詞用的不恰當(dāng)，C項錯誤；D項“GeorgeP.Marsh關(guān)于環(huán)境保護和管理的觀點嚴重影響了目前關(guān)于環(huán)境的辯論”這只是一個例子，并不是通篇文章的主要意思，D項不選。因此該題選A。

62.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“作者將生態(tài)學(xué)的平衡模型稱為’生態(tài)的奧秘’(最后一段第一行)最有可能是為了做以下哪一種？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章最后一段environmentalinterferencewasnowtaboo,wildernessadored.Natureasunfinishedfabricperfectedbyhumaningenuitygavewaytotheimagenaturedebasedandendangeredbytechnology.IncontrasttotheEnlightenmentvisionofnature,accordingtowhichrationalmanagersconstructanevermoreimprovedenvironment,twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（環(huán)境干擾現(xiàn)在是荒野崇拜的禁忌；自然就像一件未完工的織物，由人類的聰明才智加以完善，已經(jīng)被技術(shù)所貶低和危及的自然形象所替代；啟蒙運動的自然觀認為，理性的管理者構(gòu)建了一個更加美好的環(huán)境；與之相反，20世紀改革者的自然觀要求減少人類的干預(yù)，以恢復(fù)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。），由此可知，作者在這里指出有些改革太過于理論化而很難理解，所以D項“表明20世紀生態(tài)改革者的思想往往理論性太強，難以理解”正確。A項“對動植物在不受干擾的情況下如何獲得最大程度的多樣性和穩(wěn)定性表示贊賞”，根據(jù)第四段最后一句Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimaxtechnologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（掠奪阻礙了這一高潮或縮短了這一有益的高潮的持續(xù)時間；技術(shù)并沒有改善自然，而是破壞了它）可知，作者是對這一掠奪表示反對，對自然表示惋惜，A項內(nèi)容理解錯誤；B項“指出生態(tài)學(xué)的平衡模型最近得到了實證科學(xué)研究的支持”，文中沒有提到；C項“強調(diào)20世紀改革者對均衡模型的狂熱”，文中內(nèi)容沒有提到改革者對均衡模型的狂熱，C項不選。因此該題選D。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“以下哪一個實踐是弗雷德里克?克萊門茨的生態(tài)平衡模型最明顯地的應(yīng)用？”。文章第四段中指出Inthisview,naturewasmostfruitfulwhenleastaltered.Leftundisturbed,floraandfaunagraduallyattainedmaximumdiversityandstability.Despoliationthwartedtheculminationorshortenedthedurationofthisbeneficentclimax:technologydidnotimprovenaturebutdestroyedit.（從這個觀點來看，大自然最少改變的時候是最富有成效的；未受干擾的動植物群落逐漸獲得了最大的多樣性和穩(wěn)定性；掠奪阻礙了這一高潮或縮短了這一有益的高潮的持續(xù)時間：技術(shù)并沒有改善自然，而是破壞了它。），由此可以推斷B項“把一些土地劃出來作為荒野加以維護，禁止使用或開采自然資源”是這一生態(tài)平衡模型的應(yīng)用；A項“將一個物種引入非本地物種的環(huán)境，以幫助控制另一個不再有天敵的物種的傳播”，將物種引入其他環(huán)境算是對自然的一種干擾，和生態(tài)平衡模型內(nèi)容不符合；C項“在物種瀕臨滅絕的地區(qū)，用科學(xué)的方法來增加動植物的穩(wěn)定性”和D項“制定企業(yè)激勵，采取糾正措施保護環(huán)境”也是人為的干擾，都不符合這一平衡模型的內(nèi)容。因此該題選B。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“文章表明，GeorgeP.Marsh和今天的生態(tài)改革者最有可能同意下列哪一種說法？”。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句話ButnoentrepreneurorindustrialistsoughttorefuteMarsh’saccusationstodefendtheguttingofforestsortheslaughterofwildlifeaseconomicallyessentialortodismisshisecologicalwarningsashysterical.（但沒有企業(yè)家或?qū)崢I(yè)家試圖反駁馬什的指控，他認為砍伐森林或屠殺野生動物在經(jīng)濟上是必要的，也沒有人認為他的生態(tài)警告是歇斯底里的）可知A項“為了保護環(huán)境而規(guī)范工業(yè)與這些工業(yè)的自身利益并不沖突”有提到；根據(jù)文章第三段第四句Further,correctivemeasuresseemedtoentailnosacrificetodemandnodraconianremedies.（此外，糾正措施似乎不需要犧牲，不需要嚴厲的補救措施）可知B項“解決環(huán)境危機不需要激烈和昂貴的補救措施”有提到；根據(jù)文章第三段第一句Marshandhisfollowerstookenvironmentalimprovementandeconomicprogressasgivens（馬什和他的追隨者把環(huán)境改善和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展視為既定事實）可知C項“環(huán)境改善和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是同樣重要的目標”也有提到；D項“人類對地球的掠奪造成了廣泛的環(huán)境破壞”，根據(jù)文章第二段第三句ManandNaturecastigatedEarthsdespoilersforheedlessgreed,declaringthathumanity“hasbroughtthefaceoftheEarthtodesolationalmostascompleteasthatoftheMoon.”（《人與自然》譴責(zé)了地球的掠奪者，因為他們肆無忌憚的貪婪，宣稱人類“已經(jīng)使地球表面像月球表面一樣遭到了徹底的毀滅）和文章末段最后一句twentieth-centuryreformers’visionofnaturecallsforareductionofhumaninterferenceinordertorestoreenvironmentalstability.（20世紀改革者的自然觀要求減少人類的干預(yù)，以恢復(fù)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定）可推斷，Marsh和今天的生態(tài)改革者都同意人類的掠奪對自然造成破壞，所以D項符合，A、B、C選項都是Marsh那個時期的觀點，并不是當(dāng)今生態(tài)改革者的觀點，所以A、B、C選項都不正確。因此該題選D。

65.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干的意思是“這篇文章主要是關(guān)于下列哪一個？”。作者首段提到Thedebateovertheenvironmentalcrisisisnotnew:Anxietyaboutindustry’simpactontheenvironmenthasexistedforoveracentury.Whatisnewistheextremepolarizationofviews.（關(guān)于環(huán)境危機的爭論并不新鮮：對工業(yè)對環(huán)境影響的擔(dān)憂已經(jīng)存在了一個多世紀。新出現(xiàn)的是觀點的極端兩極分化。），由此可知，文章開篇提到當(dāng)今面對環(huán)境的爭論出現(xiàn)了兩極化，然后下文通過很多的例子說明，一種過于理論化的論述是不合乎邏輯的，C項“確定當(dāng)前辯論中兩個相互沖突的觀點中哪一個更有說服力”符合題意。A項“概述當(dāng)前辯論中相互沖突的觀點的背景和發(fā)展”，概述背景和發(fā)展的目的是為了討論出兩個觀點哪一個更有說服力，所以A項是一個論述過程，因此不選；B項“解釋當(dāng)前辯論中相互沖突的觀點如何同樣有效”也是討論的一個過程，不是文章的主要討論目的，B項不選；D項“為當(dāng)前危機提供可能的解決方案”，文章并沒有給出合適的解決方案，D項錯誤。因此該題選C。

6.翻譯題

Oneoftheunintendedconsequencesoftheflatteningworldisthatitputsdifferentsocietiesandculturesinmuchgreaterdirectcontactwithoneanother.Itconnectspeopletopeoplemuchfasterthanpeopleandculturescanoftenpreparethemselves.Someculturesthriveonthesuddenopportunitiesforcollaborationthatthisglobalintimacymakespossible.Othersarefrustrated,andevenhumiliatedbythisclosecontact,which,amongotherthings,makesiteasyforpeopletoseewheretheystandintheworldinrelationtoeveryoneelse.Allofthishelpstoaccountfortheemergenceofoneofthemostdevastatingforcestoday—thesuicidebombersandotherterroristorganizationswhichhavenoregardforhumanlivesandwhichitisinourbestinteresttowipeout.

【答案】答：

世界扁平化的一個意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社會和文化可以更多地直接接觸。人們之間聯(lián)系的速度之快使人和社會措手不及。一些文化因全球親密關(guān)系突然帶來的合作機會而蓬勃發(fā)展。另一些文化則因為這種親密接觸而感到沮喪，甚至感到自尊受到傷害，原因是這種親密接觸的后果之一：使人們輕易地發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此在世界中的位置。所有這些都有助于解釋為什么出現(xiàn)了當(dāng)今最具破壞性的力量之一——自殺式炸彈襲擊者和其他恐怖主義組織，他們不顧人的生命，消滅他們最符合我們的利益。

7.單選題

________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.

問題1選項

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：（）從這些數(shù)字的比較可以看出，其原理涉及到病人積極參與病情的改善。兩個句子之間缺少連詞，所以不能只單獨加主語，此句是非限制性定語從句。根據(jù)句意as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句來修飾整個主句最合適，所以答案選A。what和that都不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，所以B，C不選。

8.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shehasdevelopedallergies.

B.Shedoesn’tknowwhatallergiesare.

C.Shedoesn’thaveanyallergies.

D.Shehasallergiestreatedalready.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Howaboutallergies?

W:NotthatI’mawareof.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對話中男士問女士過敏情況怎么樣了，女士說不是認為的那樣，即她沒過敏。

9.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。retain“保持，記住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“維持，支持，支撐”。句意；小樹的枝丫很難承受果實的重量。D項符合題意。

10.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon't,andifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.

TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,initsway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushow

littleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare,andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorance,theworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.

Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan'tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat"scientistsofthe18thcentury（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat（

）

問題1選項

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問題2選項

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemsofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問題3選項

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingstheydidn’tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn'tunderstand.

問題4選項

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

問題5選項

A.mancanfindsolutionstowhateverquestionsconcerningnaturehecanthinkup

B.mancannotsolvealltheproblemshecanthinkupbecauseofthelimitsofhumanintellect

C.soonerorlatermancanthinkupallthequestionsconcerningnatureandanswerthem

D.questionsconcerningconsciousnessareoutsidethescopeofscientificresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段ifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict提到真正好的科學(xué)不可能被預(yù)測，所以選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment（啟蒙運動）tobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead提到如果我們中任何一個去告訴18世紀啟蒙運動中那些最聰明的人，我們知道的很少并且前途迷茫，他們會對此表示驚訝。由此可知，這些科學(xué)家與我們的想法相反的，他們認為他們知道的很多，并且能解決很多問題，所以選項A符合題意。

3.文章第二段Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps提到在早期我們要么假裝知道事物的工作原理，要么忽視問題，或者簡單的編造一些故事來填補空白。選項C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段提到我們遲早會解決包括人類意識在內(nèi)的所有我們能想到的問題，還表示只要我們堅持、專注，就能想到答案?？梢钥闯鲎髡呤欠浅Ｓ行判牡摹＿x項C符合題意。

5.文章最后一段theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,ever,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswers提到會有一些問題我們想不到，但是在我們的局限范圍內(nèi)，我們應(yīng)該能夠努力得到所有的答案，由此可知我們不能想到所有問題，但是可以解決能想到的問題，選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Heisproudofhischildrenthatheoften（）abouttheirsmallachievement.

問題1選項

A.exaggerates

B.asserts

C.boasts

D.toasts

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。exaggerate“夸大”；assert“斷言”；boast“吹噓”。exaggerate符合句意。本句意為“他為他的孩子們而感到驕