高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：短文改錯 學(xué)案

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)：短文改錯學(xué)案名詞.可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)該名詞所處句子的謂語動詞是否使用第三人稱單數(shù)、名詞前的修飾詞、固定詞組或名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則來判斷。Whenspringcomes,leafturngreen.Thisisoneofthestudentwhohavepassedtheexaminations..混用可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞牢記常見的不可數(shù)名詞以及某些抽象名詞的具體化有些不可數(shù)名詞是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞的，常見的有advice,information,traffic,progress,weather,furniture,equipment,health,wealth,luggage,baggage,clothing,word（消息）,harm,fun,work,knowledge,homework,food,luck,evidence,housework...有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如glasses（眼鏡），congratulations（祝賀，賀詞）,customs（海關(guān)），instructions/directions（指示，說明），thanks（感謝）等。有些固定短語中名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)，如tomakemattersworse,makefriendswith,shakehandswith,makepreparationsfor,asfollows,inhighspirits...Thebigearthquakehascausedmuchdamagestothearea.He'sproudofhischildren'ssuccess..誤用名詞的所有格根據(jù)兩個名詞之間是否存在所屬關(guān)系來判斷是否該用名詞所有格如果某人或某物為兩人所共有，其所有格應(yīng)在后一個人的后面加'S；如果不是兩個人所共有，則在兩人的后面都要加，SThewomanoverthereisTom'sandMary'smother.Howmuchfurnitureshaveyouboughtforyournewhouse?Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.I'venearlykilledthreepeoples.Theycarriedouttheexperimentdeeplyintothenight.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.Thegirldoesn'tdaretogooutatnightlonely.Still,yourhappinessmakeshimhappilytoo.Asyouknow,Mary,aged11,isJohn'soldersister.Thegirlislookingafterherillmotherinhospital.Hehadnotimeforproperlybreakfast.thinkthefilmisveryworthseeing.介詞一、介詞的基本用法錯誤MybrotherleftfortheUnitedStatesinthemorningofJuly8.Hecuthisfingerbyasharpknife.二、介詞固定搭配的誤用Theplaceisfamousasitshotsprings三、同義、近義詞的誤用between/amongexcept/besidesChinastandsforequalitybetweenallnations,bigorsmall.ExceptTom,anotherthreestudentswillcometohelpus.ThesecretarytoldmethatthemanagerwasbusyandIshouldcomeatsomeothertime.Allthevillagersaresearchingthelostboy.Wecanprovidethemforwonderfulmeals.Accordingtheschedule,theyshouldhavearrivedyesterday.Weshouldmakegreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergy.Firstly,afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.Fromthenon,we'vekepttouchwitheachotherthroughemails.It'sveryimportantofyoutolearnaforeignlanguage.Whoistheboydressedawhiteshirt?AllofthemwenttoBeijinglastsummerbesideTom.代詞人稱代詞數(shù)和格的誤用代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞，代替單數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)人稱代詞。主格人稱代詞多在句子中做主語，而賓格人稱代詞多在句子中作賓語物主代詞數(shù)和格的誤用代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)物主代詞，代替單數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞多在句子中作定語，修飾名詞；而名詞性物主代詞多在句子中作主語、賓語、表語Mycomputerisbetterthanher.反身代詞的誤用反身代詞多用作介詞或動詞的賓語Nooneteachesthegirl.SheteachesherEnglish.不定代詞、指示代詞的誤用both/either/all/neither/none/bothother/others/anotherit/that/one/onesTheBrownstriedhisbesttohelpthepoorboy.Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.I'mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.Yourdigitalcameraisquitenice.Iwanttobuyit,too.TheTVsetsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthatmadeinGermany.AnAmericanboywantstomakefriendwithaChineseboy.OurteachergaveusalotofadvicesonhowtolearnEnglishwell.ThisisJohn'sandJack'sdesk.Inthatclothesshoponlyman'sclothesaresold.There9sapaper9sfactorynearourschool.Youtoldmethenameofdifferentplantsandtheircharacteristics.Duringthethreeweek'sholiday,hevisitedmanyfamousplacesofinterestinChina.Wechosethecheapestbiscuitsandateitunderatree.Bothmyparentmissyoualot.Buttheycalledbackorsentgreetingcardfromdifferentplaces.Tdliketostaythereforhalfamonth,visitingplaceofinterestsinceIamfamiliarwithBeijing,Icanhelpvisitorsfindtheirwaysinthecity.ButIhavemadeupmymindstospendthevacationfarfromhome.Itwillbeabigsurprisingforthem.hadmanywonderfulexperience,butIalsohadasadone.19.1learnedfrommyteacherthatanearbycompanywaslookingforstudentswithgoodhandwritingtowriteaddressonenvelope.20.suchastherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildreninalotofAmericanfamily21.1stayedhereforoneandahalfhour1plantomakefriendwiththem.Theytakehimlotsofgoodbookandfreshfruit.WhenIwasinhighschool,mostofmyfriendhadbicycles.OnerainydaywhileIwaswalkinghomewithoneofmyfriend.Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.sheneverseemedtocarewhattherestofusthoughtaboutherliketherestofmyclassmate.Hebeggedmyparentstostayanothercoupleofday.Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorning.Weenjoychartingandweusuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.31.1wasplayingatmycousinhouse.32.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.1cameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,IdestroyedeachofmytoyEveryoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater.weenjoyedseverallocaldish.Mom,IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyou.YoutoldmethenameofdifferentplantsTherewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.neededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.動詞謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài).錯用時態(tài)最常見的時態(tài)錯誤就是一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Hesaidhehasalreadyfinishedhishomework..誤用語態(tài)最常見的語態(tài)錯誤是漏掉be動詞/不該用被動語態(tài)的情況卻用了Iknowtheboywhoinvitedtothepartybythegirllastnight..人稱和數(shù)的錯誤Heworkinaninternationalcompany.Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.AnEnglishladywasdecidedthatshereallyshouldlearntodrive.However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.Thekidwasaskedtogotoschooleverydaybyhisfather.Peterisexcitedtofindthathisfavouritesingerappearedonthestage.Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.Allyourpapersmusthandedinafterclass.Henotonlycametoseemebutalsogivemetheticket.Whenthedoorwasopened,thethieffoundrunningdownstairs.MotherusedtotellmestoriestillIfallasleep.謂語動詞的語氣.含有should的虛擬語氣的誤用表示建議(suggest,advise,recommend,propose)>命令(order,command)>請求(request,require,ask,demand,desire)>堅持(insist)等動詞后面的從句用虛擬語氣：(should)+動詞原形Itis+形容詞(important,impossible,necessary,natural,strange,appropriate,advisable,essential,urgent等)+that從句，從句要用：(should)+動詞原形.借助于過去表示現(xiàn)在的虛擬語氣的誤用wish,wouldrather后的賓語從句及asif/though,evenif/though,ifonly等后面的狀語從句要用過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反。Itistimethat..?中的that從句借助于過去時表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，也可借助于:should+動詞原形，但should不能省3.含有if條件從句的虛擬語氣三種情況條件從句的謂語主句的謂語與現(xiàn)在事實相反一般過去時(be用were)Should/would/could/mightdo與將來事實相反一般過去時/shoulddo/weretodoShould/would/could/mightdo與過去事實相反過去完成時haddoneShould/would/could/mighthavedone表示虛擬語氣的if條件從句中如果含有should,were或had,則可以省略if,然后把should,were或had提前，進行倒裝Wouldhecometomorrow,tellhimtoringmeup.4.祈使語氣的誤用要看主句中是否有謂語動詞，如果沒有謂語動詞，說明位于句子開頭的動詞應(yīng)該用祈使語氣，即動詞原形。IfshewastoliveinNewYork,shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsoften.Hefailedagain.Ifonlyhehasfollowedhisparents'advice.Itisnecessarythatheinformshimselfoftheserules.IwishitisautumninBeijingalltheyeararound.Ifyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemetthefamoussinger.Theteacheradvisedthatwemadegooduseofeveryminute.Shetalkedabouttheplaceofinterestasifshereallyvisiteditbefore.ThestudentsinsistedthattheywouldgotothepartywiththeirEnglishteacher.Iwouldratheryoustayathomeinsteadofgoingtothecinema.1stronglysuggestthatthewholesocietypaysmoreattentiontofoodsafety.情態(tài)動詞.情態(tài)動詞基本用法的誤用情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形HesaidthathecouldtosinginEnglish..情態(tài)動詞表示推測時的誤用must表示肯定推測；carTt/couldn't表示否定推測；may/might/could表示可能性推測;shouldhavedone表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實際未做;needn'thavedone表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了.Need/dare作實義動詞和情態(tài)動詞的誤用Need和dare作情態(tài)動詞多用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。Need和dare作情態(tài)動詞時，其否定是直接在后面加not;作實義動詞時，其否定形式借助于do的適當(dāng)形式。Hedoesn'tneedgotherewithus..Can和beableto的誤用Can泳口beableto不能連用動詞及短語動詞.同義詞或近義詞的誤用如take/bring/carryreceive/acceptYesterdayhereceivedagiftfromagirl,buthedecidednottoreceiveit..形近動詞的誤用Mybrotherinventedoneofhisfriendstomyhome..連系動詞的誤用Turn作聯(lián)系動詞，表示變成時，常接表示顏色的形容詞，后接名詞時，名詞前不加冠詞Become作聯(lián)系動詞，表示變成時，其后的名詞前應(yīng)加冠詞Mybrotherhasturnedateacher..某些基本動詞的基本用法錯誤有些動詞可以接雙賓語:offer,lend,promise,write,show,teach,hand,sell,return,tell,allow,cause,bring,give,read等有些動詞不能接雙賓語：explain,suggest,announce,declare....短語動詞的誤用有些短語動詞中的介詞是固定的，有些短語動詞中的to是介詞，需接doingsth,有些短語動詞中的動詞是及物動詞或不及物動詞下來短語中的to是介I司：lookforwardto,getdownto,admitto,be/getusedto,stickto,turnto,devoteoneselfto,bedevotedto,payattentionto,applyto...Hedecidedtodevotehismoneytohelpthepoor.IenteredintoacollegewhenIwas20yearsold.Hopeyougoodhealthandmuchhappinesseveryday.Theboyfellthatthechildwasveryweak.AssoonasIsawhim,Iknewhimthoughwehadn'tseeneachotherformanyyears.TheteachersuggestedmethatIshouldworkhard.Thelightsgrewgreenandwecontinueddriving.Jackgotdowntorepairthemachineafterhavingabreak.Ilookforwardtovisitthefamouswriter.Bringthisumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Onceadecisionhasbeendone,allofusshouldsticktoit.非謂語動詞動詞不定式.動詞不定式基本用法的誤用接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞：afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,elect,hope,fail,happen,hesitate,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish,undertake....動詞不定式是否帶to的誤用后接不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：使役動詞make,let,have和感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,listento,lookat,observe等。這類動詞用于被動語態(tài)時，需要帶上to.在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan等搭配后，不加to在介詞but,except之后，如果其前有動詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不，只能：固定搭酉己：cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,canbut等后面品艮不帶to的動詞不定式.動詞不定式時態(tài)的誤用todo表示將來要做某事；tobedoing正在做某事；tohavedone已經(jīng)做過某事Hebeggedmyparentstostayinganotherday.I'mreallypuzzledwhatthinkorsay.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.Itrainedhard,sotheycouldn'tchoosebuttostayathome.Totryandfailisbetterthannottryatall.Themanmadealltheworkerstoworkfifteenhoursaday.You'llfeelliketofloatonthegreenocean.HeseemedtobetalkwithhisfriendwhenIsawhiminthestreet.HecanaffordbuythefamouslandscapepaintingofQiBaishi.We'dbetternottomissthechancetoenjoyit.動詞?ing形式.動詞-ing形式基本用法的誤用直接-ing形式作賓語的動詞或動詞短語：admit,advise,allow,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forbid,forgive,giveup,imagine,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,preventfrom,putoff,risk,suggest,lookforwardto...固定句型中只用-ing形式:It'snouse/gooddoingsth.動詞-ing形式與謂語動詞的誤用.動詞-ing形式與其他非謂語動詞的誤用動詞-ing形式表示：令人…的；動詞-ed形式表示:感到…的beworth/want/require/need后用動詞-ing形式的主動式表達被動意義有些動詞既可以接動詞的不定式也可接動名詞，但意思不同Liveinthecountrysidemakesmylifecomfortableandrelaxing.What'sthelanguagespeakinginyourcountry?Ontheboxwasacardsay:"25centseach”.Afterfinishthework,theworkerswenthome.Hedidn'tmindbeingleavingathome.ItwasnousepretendthatIhadnotseenhim.Themanknockedatthedoormustbeouruncle.Havereadthechapterfourtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthor'stheory.I'mpleasingtohearit.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing.過去分詞.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語、定語和補足語的誤用過去分詞表示被動和完成；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和進行.過去分詞表示該動作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式beingdone表示該動作正在被執(zhí)行Thebuildingbeingbuiltlastyearisusedasaschool.Givingmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Hefoundabreakcupontheground.Ihavesoongotusedtolivewithoutmyparentsaround.Heatingtoonehundreddegrees,waterwillboil.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedonbeingsendingwherehewasmostneeded.ShetriedtomakeherselfunderstandinEnglish.T