高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語精講精練專題十四：特殊句式（含解析）

高考必考語法精講精練語法專題十四：特殊句式Ⅰ.強調(diào)句一．強調(diào)句的基本形式1、強調(diào)句的陳述句形式：Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其它部分。注意：被強調(diào)部分通常是主語、賓語或狀語；強調(diào)主語且指人的時候可以用who，其他一律用that。例如：Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.主語謂語賓語地點狀語時間狀語對句中各部分進行強調(diào)：（1）強調(diào)主語：Itwashewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.（2）強調(diào)賓語：Itwasanoldfriendthathemetintheparkyesterday.（3）強調(diào)地點狀語：Itwasintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday.（4）強調(diào)時間狀語：Itwasyesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark.2、強調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式：Is/wasit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分？=1\*GB3①Wasithewho/thatmetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday?=2\*GB3②Wasitanoldfriendthathemetintheparkyesterday?=3\*GB3③Wasitintheparkthathemetanoldfriendyesterday?=4\*GB3④Wasityesterdaythathemetanoldfriendinthepark?3、強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其它部分？=1\*GB3①Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?=2\*GB3②Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?=3\*GB3③WherewasitthatyouputyourEnglishbook?=4\*GB3④Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse?=5\*GB3⑤Whyisitthathedoesn'tlikethebook?=6\*GB3⑥Howwasitthathegothurt?注意：（1）強調(diào)主語時，謂語動詞和主語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致。=1\*GB3①Itishewho/thatoftendoesgooddeeds.=2\*GB3②ItisIwho/thatamlookingforyou.（2）構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的it本身沒有詞義；強調(diào)句中的連接詞只用that或who，即使在強調(diào)時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that或who不可省略；強調(diào)句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)，如一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時等，用Itwas…，與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐嚓P(guān)的時態(tài)用Itis…。（3）若強調(diào)句的疑問句形式放在賓語從句的位置，則需要用陳述句的形式。例如：=1\*GB3①DoyouknowwhoitisthatwillteachusEnglish？=2\*GB3②Ireallydon'tknowwhenitwasthathewenttobed.二．not…until…句型的強調(diào)句句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調(diào)部分+that+其它部分。普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhiswifecameback.強調(diào)句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till；因為句型中Itis/wasnot…已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三．謂語動詞的強調(diào)1、Itis/was…that…結(jié)構(gòu)不能強調(diào)謂語，如需要強調(diào)謂語，用助動詞do/does或did。例如：=1\*GB3①Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.=2\*GB3②Shedoesloveyou.=3\*GB3③Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.2、注意：此種強調(diào)只用do/does和did，第三人稱單數(shù)用does，過去時用did，后面的謂語動詞用原形。強調(diào)句的驗證方法：先看句子里有沒有It、be動詞和that，如果有，去掉Itis/was…that結(jié)構(gòu)，看原句是否為一個完整的句子，如果是，則為強調(diào)句，否則就不是強調(diào)句。Ⅱ.倒裝句倒裝是一種語法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強調(diào)某一句子成分。倒裝句有兩種：完全倒裝(fullinversion)和部分倒裝(partialinversion)一、部分倒裝部分倒裝可以用于多種時態(tài)，常見的情況有：1.句首狀語為否定詞(短語)或半否定詞的句子要用部分倒裝。這類詞或短語主要有never,neither,nor,not,little,few,nowhere,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,innoway,bynomeans,atnotime，innocase,undernocircumstance等。例如：

=1\*GB3①NeverwillIgivein.=2\*GB3②NotaworddidIsaytohim.=3\*GB3③Ican'tswim.Neithercanhe.=4\*GB3④LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.=5\*GB3⑤Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.

=6\*GB3⑥Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.=7\*GB3⑦Hardlyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetrainleft.=8\*GB3⑧Bynomeanswillshemarryyou.注意：Neither…nor…所引導(dǎo)的并列句，前后分句均用部分倒裝。例如：NeitherdoIknowhername，nordoesTom.2."Only+狀語（副詞、介詞短語、從句等）"放在句首,句子要部分倒裝。例如：

=1\*GB3①OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.=2\*GB3②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.

=3\*GB3③Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.注意：“only+主語”位于句首時不倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Butonlylovecansay，tryagainorwalkaway.=2\*GB3②Onlyyoucanhelpme.3.so或so引導(dǎo)的短語放在句首作狀語,要部分倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Isawthefilm,sodidMary.=2\*GB3②Soangrywashethathecouldhardlyspeak.

=3\*GB3③Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.=4\*GB3④Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.=5\*GB3⑤SofastdidherunthatIcouldhardlykeepupwithhim.4."Notonly+分句,butalso+分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.=2\*GB3②Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．=3\*GB3③Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGermancitizenship（wastakenaway）．注意：notonly...butalso...連接主語時,不倒裝。例如：

Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.5.Notuntil放在句首要用部分倒裝；若是復(fù)句，從句不倒裝,主句倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.

=2\*GB3②NotuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.6.在以often,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或頻率副詞(短語)開頭的句子中,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：=1\*GB3①Oftenhavewemadethattest.=2\*GB3②ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.=3\*GB3③Nowandagaindidshecometoseeme.7.虛擬語氣的條件從句中，省略了if后，were,had,should等放在條件句主語前，夠成倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.=IfIwereyou，Iwouldtryitagain.=2\*GB3②Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow，wewouldhavetoputoffvisitingBeijing.=3\*GB3③Hadyouworkedhardatcollege,youwouldhavegotabetterjob.=Ifyouhadworkedhardatcollege,youwouldhavegotabetterjob.8.由as,though,however構(gòu)成的讓步狀語從句，從句要倒裝，此種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，一般為：形容詞（副詞或名詞等）+as/though+主語+謂語;however+形容詞（副詞)+主語+謂語。例如：

=1\*GB3①Childasheis,heknowssomuchabouthistory.=2\*GB3②Tiredasheis,hewon'tstoptohavearest.

=3\*GB3③Tryastheymight,theyweren'tabletoovertaketheleaders.=4\*GB3④Tryaswemight,wewillneversurpasstheirachievements.=5\*GB3⑤Howeverlateitis,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinner.=6\*GB3⑥Howeverhardtheytried,theyweren'tabletoovertaketheleaders.=7\*GB3⑦Howeverhardwetry,wewillneversurpasstheirachievements.二、完全倒裝完全倒裝通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：1.Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。例如：=1\*GB3①Thereisaprettygirlinthenextroom.=2\*GB3②Therestoodadogbeforehim.

=3\*GB3③Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.2.在以here、there、now、then等副詞開頭的句子里，要用全部倒裝。即用“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主語"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：=1\*GB3①Herecomesthegirl!=2\*GB3②Theregoesthebell.

=3\*GB3③Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.

=4\*GB3④Nowcomesyourturn.注意：如果主語是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Hereyouare.=2\*GB3②Thereshecomes.3.表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①IncameMr.White.

=2\*GB3②Upwentthearrowintotheair.

=3\*GB3③Outrushedthechildren.=4\*GB3④Awaywenttheboy.注意：如果主語是人稱代詞,就不用倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Awayhewent.=2\*GB3②Outtheyrushed.4.當表示地點的介詞詞組(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首時,要用全部倒裝。例如：=1\*GB3①Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.

=2\*GB3②Herantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.

=3\*GB3③Eastofthelakelietwotowns.

=4\*GB3④Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.5.分詞(代詞)+be+主語"結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：=1\*GB3①Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.=2\*GB3②Buriedinthedeepseaareallkindsofseaanimalbodies.

=3\*GB3③Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.高考英語短文改錯及語法填空分析與訓(xùn)練·特殊句式考點規(guī)律分析：短文改錯及語法填空對特殊句式的考查主要涉及強調(diào)句型尤其是that的使用、倒裝句尤其是助動詞的選擇以及助動詞后面接動詞原形、省略句等。特殊句式單句語法填空真題訓(xùn)練：1.(2016·全國Ⅰ,閱讀B)WhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.Onlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussion_______MsGaffinallysayyes.2.(2016·全國Ⅲ，閱讀D)________(positive)anarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook.3.(2016·江蘇，34)Notuntilrecentlytheyencouragethedevelopmentoftourists-relatedactivitiesintheruralareas.4.(2016·天津，13)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelthecoachpicksuptourists.5.(2016·北京，閱讀B)“It’stheocean________makesRockawaysospecial.”shesays.6.(2016·北京，完形)Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewoulddie,andso________thesickchildrenofNome.7.(2016·四川，閱讀D)Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,the________(great)burdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.8.(2015·天津，3)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice_______sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.9.(2015·湖南，23)OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsdidI_________thathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.(discover)10.(2015·湖南，21)Itwaswhenwewerereturninghome_____________Irealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.11.(2015·湖南，24)Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceif________(leave)inthewronghands.學(xué)習(xí)札記：_________________________________________________________________________________________________________