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詞類又叫詞性,英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個(gè)大類。

1名詞noun

2代詞pronoun

3形容詞adjective

4副詞adverb

5動(dòng)詞verb

6數(shù)詞numeral

7冠詞article

8介詞preposition

9連詞conjunction

10感嘆詞interjection

studentYouhappyquickly

cutthreeaatandoh實(shí)詞虛詞詞類又叫詞性,英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用,可以分成十個(gè)大類1名詞NOUN概念:是表示人,事物,抽象概念等名稱的詞。根據(jù)詞匯意義,名詞可劃分為:

專有名詞和普通名詞名詞NOUN概念:2專有名詞:指表示人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。具體說來它包括人名、國家、地名、月份、星期、節(jié)日、書名、電影名以及某些抽象名詞等。

Tony

托尼

Japan

日本

Mr.Black

布萊克先生

August

八月

Monday

星期一

theGreatWall

長(zhǎng)城

Christmas

圣誕節(jié)

English

英語

ATaleofTwoCities

雙城記專有名詞:3普通名詞:表示一類人、東西、抽象概念的名詞。例如:表一類人:pupil,police,woman,boy,father;表物:box,tree,orange,water,computer;表抽象:happiness,trouble,pleasure,love,life,etc.普通名詞:4普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。(1)個(gè)體名詞。如:cup,desk,student等。一般可數(shù),有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)集體名詞。如:class,team,family等。一般可數(shù),有單復(fù)數(shù)形式(3)物質(zhì)名詞。如:rice,water,cotton等。一般不可數(shù),沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。(4)抽象名詞。如:love,work,life等。一般不可數(shù),沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。5英語可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化:一般情況詞尾加s。如:map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.(在清輔音后讀/s/,在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/)s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞加es.如:class→classes,box→boxes,dish→dishes,match→matches.讀/iz/英語可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化:6規(guī)則變化:以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。

如:family→families,city→cities,baby→babies.以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,直接詞尾加s。如:toy→toys,holiday→holidays以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。

如:shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,knife→knives,wife→wives,leaf→leaves,thief→thieves.例外:roof→roofs規(guī)則變化:例外:roof→roofs7規(guī)則變化:以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞,詞尾加es;如:tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoeshero→heroes

以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞,直接詞尾加s。如:piano→pianosphoto→photosradio→radioszoo→zoos規(guī)則變化:8不規(guī)則變化:有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:childchildrenmousemiceman—menwoman—women婦女tooth—teethfoot—feet有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如;

deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan

但除人民幣的元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式,adollar,twodollars不規(guī)則變化:9注意:一些以man,woman結(jié)尾的合成詞,在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),與man,woman的變化形式相同。如:policeman→policemen,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen.中日不變英法變其余s加后面注意:中日不變英法變其余s加后面10名稱總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人兩個(gè)人中國人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄國人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法國人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美國人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德國人theGermansaGermantwoGermans英國人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes名稱總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人兩個(gè)人中國人theChines11英語不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如:abagofrice→twobagsofrice,apieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaper,abottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.英語不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時(shí),要12名詞的所有格1.不以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格:theboy'sbag,men'sroom

2.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格:Teachers'Day3.職業(yè)名詞、稱呼名詞的所有格表地點(diǎn)thebarber’s,MrGreen’s,thedoctor’s(office),myuncle’s(house)4.并列名詞不共有:John'sandMary'srooms(兩間)并列名詞共有:JohnandMary'sroom5.時(shí)間、距離、地點(diǎn)

fiveminutes'walk;tenmeters'long;theworld'spopulation名詞的所有格1.不以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格:theboy's136.抽象名詞后用“of+賓格”作定語;themusicofthefilm;thehelpofhim(Lucy);thedevelopmentofChina;thedoorofthehouse7.多重所有格突出局部afriendofLucy’smother’s;twoclassmatesofmysister's8.“of+賓格”與“of+所有格”含意不同:thephotoofmyfather我爸爸的肖像thephotoofmine我(所有的)照片最新初中英語詞性講解課件14數(shù)詞Numeral概念:

數(shù)詞就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞,分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。

☆表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞,如:one,ten,fifteen等;☆

表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞,如:fifth,second,twelfth等。數(shù)詞Numeral概念:15一.

基數(shù)詞

基數(shù)詞的用法:

(1)幾十幾的基數(shù)詞的十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要用連字符“-”連接。如:

eighty-five

85

twenty-six

26

(2)三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位(若無十位則和個(gè)位)之間用and連接。如:

three

hundred

and

sixty-five

365

two

hundred

and

six

206

一.

基數(shù)詞

16(3)基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示具體數(shù)目,hundred,thousand,million不用復(fù)數(shù)表示不確定數(shù)目,用復(fù)數(shù)。即hundredsof(數(shù)百),thousands

of(數(shù)千),millionsof(數(shù)百萬)+名詞復(fù)數(shù),可以用many/several修飾,但不能與具體數(shù)目連用。1)Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300

millionpeople.2)Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.3)Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.4)Several/Manythousandsoftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.

(3)基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。17(4)“幾十”的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示:

幾十多歲in+one’s+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)年代in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)

in

the

1990’s

20世紀(jì)90年代

in

one’s

twenties在某人20多歲時(shí)

eg.

Hediedinhisforties.四十多歲

Inthenineties,mostpeoplegotoworkbybike.90年代(4)“幾十”的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示:18(5)“基數(shù)詞+名詞”的合成形容詞作定語,中間有連字符“-”,當(dāng)中的名詞用單數(shù)。a3–year–oldgirlaseven-dayholiday

(6)表計(jì)量--“基數(shù)詞+度量單位+形容詞”eg.Theclassroomis7meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.(5)“基數(shù)詞+名詞”的合成形容詞作定語,(6)表計(jì)量--19序數(shù)詞的用法:(1)序數(shù)詞作定語,前面要加the;

Thefirsttruckiscarryingafoodbasket.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.SheismyfirstEnglishteacher.(2)有時(shí)加a/an,“再一”,“又一”的意思;We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?

WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.Theyhadasecondchildin1988.二.序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞的用法:二.序數(shù)詞20編號(hào)在前,名詞在后,用序數(shù)詞,前面有the編號(hào)在后,名詞在前,用基數(shù)詞,注意首字母大寫房間號(hào)碼和電話號(hào)碼要一個(gè)一個(gè)分別讀第一課第32頁第305房間第12路公共汽車theFirstLesson

LessonOne

thethirty-secondpagePageThirty-twoRoom305BusNo.121、編號(hào)表示法編號(hào)在前,名詞在后,用序數(shù)詞,前面有the第一課theFi212.分?jǐn)?shù)表示法分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時(shí),分母加-s。1/4one-fourth

a(one)quarter3/4three-fourthsthreequarters2/3two-thirds

1/2a(one)half半年

halfayear

半小時(shí)

halfanhour一年半

oneandahalf

years

one

year

andahalf分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞時(shí),后用of短語。如:1/3onethirdofteachers3/7threeseventhsoftheboys2.分?jǐn)?shù)表示法分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。1/4one-f223.年份、日期、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法年用基數(shù)詞表示,兩位一讀,介詞用in日用序數(shù)詞表示,介詞用on1999nineteenninety-ninetwothousandandeight1949年10月1日讀作:

October(the)first,nineteenforty-nine(月-日,年)thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine(日-月,年)寫作:October1st,1999(日用縮寫,月-日-年)October1,1999(日用數(shù)字)1stOctober,1999日-月,年3.年份、日期、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法年用基數(shù)詞表示,兩位一讀,介詞用i23-HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingnextyear?-It’shardtosay,________people,Ilionof B.millionsof C.threemillions D.threemillionsofAbout________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifthsBA-Howmanypeoplewillcometo24Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________.A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.D.Heisfifteenyearold.

Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________.A.tenmileswalkB.ten-milewalkC.tenmile'swalkD.tenthmilewalkDBWhichofthefollowingiswron25Wehaveknowneachotherfor________.A.ayearandhalfB.ayearwithhalfC.ayearandahalfD.ayearwithahalf“What'sthedatetoday?”“It's_______.”A.thefourthofmayB.thefourthMayC.MayfourD.Maythefourth

CDWehaveknowneachotherfor_26冠詞Article概念:冠詞是經(jīng)常加在名詞前面的一個(gè)輔助詞,限制名詞的意義。冠詞在句子中不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)成分,是虛詞。冠詞的范圍:a、an、the

冠詞Article概念:冠詞是經(jīng)常加在名詞前面的一個(gè)輔助詞27不定冠詞a、an1、泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)或一類。eg:

Anelephantismuchheavierthanahorse.Hisfatherisataxidriver.2、用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”。eg:Ihavereadthebookstwice,butIwanttoreadathirdtime.3、a/an的區(qū)別a用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前,an用在元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前。特殊詞:

ausualboy;ausefulbook;auniversity;aone–legdoganhonestboy;anhour;anhonoran“a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x”不定冠詞28ExerciseIhave___apple.Hehas___orange.Thisis___egg.Jimis___honestboyandheis___universitystudent.4.Doyouhave___computer?5.Thereis___carinfrontofthehouse.Englishis___usefullanguage.Heis___unhappyboy.Myfatherwillcomebackin__hour.Thereis___beautifulflower.Thereis___“u”and__“s”intheword“use”Pleasetake___seatandhave___restananananaaaaananaaanaaExercisean294.第一次提到某人或某物而非特指時(shí)。eg:Thereisabookonthedesk,butthebookisn’tmine.5.用于表時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,有“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every。eg:threetimesaweek;halfanhour6.某些固定短語與不定冠詞有搭配關(guān)系。eg:haveagoodtime;afew;getacold;payavisit;takeaseat;makealiving

4.第一次提到某人或某物而非特指時(shí)。30

定冠詞the的用法1.定冠詞the,用來特指某人或某物,雙方都知道的人或物的名詞前,或用于第二次提到的某人或某物。

Isthisthebookthatyouarelookingfor?2.表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞前

Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.3.用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前theyoungest/themostbeautiful/

thefirst(second,third,fourth)Marchisthethirdmonthofayear.Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.4.用在某些形容詞或單數(shù)名詞前,表示一類人或事物。如:therich;thepoor;theyoung;theold

Doyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer?Thecat,islikedbymanypeople.定冠詞315.用在表示山脈、海洋、江河、湖泊、群島、建筑物、名勝古跡等專有名詞前。如:theYellowRiver;theGreatWall;theWestLake;theWhiteHouse6.用在西洋樂器前

playthepiano/theguitar/theviolin

8.用在方位名詞前或習(xí)慣用法inthesouth/ontheright/intheday/intheend7.The+姓的復(fù)數(shù)表示一家人TheSmiths/theGreens

5.用在表示山脈、海洋、江河、湖泊、群島、建筑物、名勝古跡等32____earthgoesround____sun.Jimis___tallestand___mostinteresting3.___manoverthereismyteacher.4.Thereis___orangeonthetable.___orangeismine.5.Iliveon____twelfthfloor.6.____GreatWallis____oldestbuilding.7.Ihave___aunt.___auntis____doctor.8.Inthisexam,heis___second.Jimis___boy.Heis___Americanboy.___YellowRiverisoneof___longestrivers.Beijingisin___northofChinaThethethetheThe

anThetheThetheanTheatheaanThethethe____earthgoesround____su33

不用冠詞的情況

(1)有些專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。如:China;Japanese;milk;love等。

(2)名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞如:Thisismyruler.

(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。如:Theyareteachers.

(4)表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。如:

BushwasmadepresidentoftheUS.不用冠詞的情況34(5)一日三餐、球類活動(dòng)、學(xué)科名詞前。Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplayssoccerafterclass.

Mathsishardtolearn.(6)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前。如:Teachers’Day;Mother’sDay;onMonday;inMay;insummer等。(7)在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞bycar,bybus,bytrain

(但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前要加冠詞)(8)在某些固定搭配里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。如:onfoot;athome;atnight;gotoschool;frommorningtillnight等。(5)一日三餐、球類活動(dòng)、學(xué)科名詞前。357、固定搭配

atfirstatlastatnoonathome首先最后在中午在家

onfootinbedinhospitalgotoschool步行躺在床上住院上學(xué)1.Doyoulikeplaying___soccer?2.Iusuallyhave___milkfor____breakfast3.Wewillgototheparkon___Monday.4.Myunclelivesin_____Americanow.5.Leavesturnyellowin_____autumn.6.Wecangoswimmingon__Sundayin__summer.7.March8this____Women’sDay.8.Hisfatherisillin___hospital.//////////7、固定搭配36Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Englishis________internationallanguage.A.aB.anC./D.the()2.—Lookat________skirt.IboughtitformotheronMother’sDay,isn’titnice?—Oh,what________nicepresent!A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.a(chǎn);不填()3.

—DoyouenjoyyourstayinHangzhou?—Yes.I’vehad________wonderfultime.A./B.aC.theD.an領(lǐng)悟語法BCBⅠ.單項(xiàng)選擇領(lǐng)悟語法BCB37()4.Weusuallygoto________schoolonweekdays,andsometimesgoto________cinemaatweekends.A.不填;theB.the;theC.the;不填D.不填;不填

解析:考查冠詞。gotoschool固定用法,gotoa/thecinema也是固定用法,a/thecinema表示一類事物。A()5.Let’shave________break;Iwanttomake_______telephonecall.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

A()4.Weusuallygoto____38()6.________areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Black’sB.ABlack’sC.TheBlack’sD.TheBlacks

解析:考查冠詞。the加姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“一家人”。D()7.—DoyouenjoyyourstayinHangzhou?—Yes.I’vehad________wonderfultime.A./B.aC.theD.an

解析:本題考查固定短語與不定冠詞搭配的關(guān)系。haveawonderfultime玩的高興。故選B

B()6.________areplannin391.

Mr

Wang

has

worked

as

____English

teacher

for

more

than

10

years.

A.

/

B.

a

C.

an

D.

the

2—How

long

does

it

take

us

to

go

to

your

hometown

from

here?

—It

takes

us

___

hour

or

more

to

go

to

my

hometown

by___

train.

A.

an;

a

B.

a

;

an

C.

an;

/

D.

a;

/

3—What

______

useful

book

it

is!

—Yeah,

it

tells

you

how

to

play

guitar.

A.

an;

the

B.

a;

a

C.

a;

the

D.

an;

a

4、.Susan

joined

an

art

club

at

___age

of

six

and

paints

well.

A.

the

B.

an

C.a

5、My

uncle

is

________

engineer.

He

works

very

hard.

A.

the

B.

a

C.

an

Exercises:

1.

Mr

Wang

has

worked

as

____E40介詞概念:介詞(虛詞),不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類或短語從句前。

中考需要掌握的11個(gè)介詞:in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before

介詞概念:介詞(虛詞),不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是412010Marchspringthemorningthefuture7:30nighttheageof19first/lastthemomentMondayMarch5March5th,2010MondaymorningholidayChildren’sDayinonatPrepositionsoftime時(shí)間介詞2010Marchspringthemorningthe42in:

in1996/in2002/in1847(年份)

inOctober/inFebruary/inMarch(月份)

inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter(季節(jié))

inaweek/inayear在1周/年中

inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上

inthosedays在當(dāng)時(shí)/innotime立刻/inthedaytime在白天/

inthefuture在將來/inoneminute在1分鐘內(nèi)/最后intheend

表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,如:世紀(jì)、年代、年份、月份、季節(jié)、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些習(xí)慣用法中要用介詞“in”。一.時(shí)間介詞in:

in1996/in2002/in143on:

onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday

onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay31

onJanuary1,1988/onApril18,2002/onMay31,1977

onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening

onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon

onthemorningofMayfifth

onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear’sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay

值日onduty/準(zhǔn)時(shí)ontime

表示具體某一天或者特定(某一天上下午)的時(shí)間用介詞“on”。星期、某月某日、某年某月某日、含Day的節(jié)日、有修飾上午/下午/晚上以及一些習(xí)慣用法中要用介詞on

on:

onMonday/onTuesday/44at:

atteno’clock/atseventhirty.(表示某一鐘點(diǎn))

atnoon/atnight/atmidnight/atdawn/atsunset(在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相對(duì)短暫的時(shí)間)

attheageoftwenty/attheageofthirty-five(表示某一年齡)

atthattime在那時(shí)/atthemoment這時(shí)、那時(shí)、此刻/

atfirst首先/atlast最后=intheend/atonce立刻、馬上/

at/on(the)weekends在周末/

在一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)候atthistimeofyear/

在……開始/結(jié)束時(shí)atthebeginning/endof

表示時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)(或表示某時(shí)刻)如:鐘點(diǎn)、年齡、節(jié)日、中午/夜晚/子夜或其它的習(xí)慣用法中要用“at”。at:

atteno’clock/atseven45during:

duringtheweek

duringthosethreemonths

duringmyvisit

duringtheholidays/meeting

duringthespring

表示“在……的期間”要用介詞“during”,during表示在特定的時(shí)間里,其后的名詞前要用定冠詞或者表示特定意義的代詞。during:

duringtheweek

durin46since:

since1986/since1977

sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth

sincethen從那時(shí)以后

sincehecamehere自從他來了以后

表示“自……以來”,表示從過去某一時(shí)刻到現(xiàn)在,用介詞“since”?!皊ince”+“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”,主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

till/until

Theparkisopentill5p.m.

Hedidn’tleavetheparkuntil4p.m.

表示某動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某一時(shí)間終止,用介詞“till/until”since:

since1986/since197747Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,soyou’dbetterbethereby8:50.

火車八點(diǎn)鐘開,所以你最好八點(diǎn)五十以前趕到那兒。

HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他離開了上海。(過去式)

Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底,他已經(jīng)完成了工作。

at表示事件發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上;by表示事件發(fā)生在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)前。

at

theendof+時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),表示時(shí)間時(shí),一般用于一般過去式。

bytheendof+時(shí)間,表示時(shí)間時(shí),一般用于過去完成時(shí)。

intheend=atlast最后表示時(shí)間介詞的比較:Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,48★★★today/onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周Therewasafootballmatchyesterdayevening.

昨天晚上有一場(chǎng)足球賽。Theywillgotothezootomorrow.

明天他們將要去動(dòng)物園。由one/this/that/last/next等修飾的表示時(shí)間的詞組前不需要用介詞。I’llvisitmygrandparentsthisweek.

這一周我要去看望我的祖父母。

Pleasecometoschoolearliernexttime.

下次請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)來學(xué)校。

★★★49MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis

the

morningofJuly9.

A.onB.inC.at

Thetwinswereborn

aFridayevening.

A.onB.inC.at

wetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived

5o’clock

themorning.

A.on,inB.at,inC.at,on

wefinishourlessons

11:30andthenhavearest

noon.

A.at,inB.at,atC.in,in

practiceMaryisflyingtoFr50in+大地方(intheworld,inBeijing,inthenorth,inChina)

at+小地方(athome,atschool,atthebusstop/theairport)

TheGreensliveat

87KingStreet.

on+門牌,某層樓(ontwentiethfloor)

1.Myunclelive___F12__thefifthfloor.

A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at

2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.

A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at

二.地點(diǎn)介詞in+大地方(intheworld,inBeiji51

on在……的上面,與表面接觸over在……的正上方,不接觸表面under在……下面(是on,over的反義詞)

above在……上方,below在……下方,是above的反義詞1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over

52infrontof

是在物體外部的前面例如:教室前有個(gè)花園。e.g.Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.

inthefrontof

是在物體內(nèi)部的前面例如:教室前有張桌子。e.g.Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.

infrontof與inthefrontof的區(qū)別:infrontof是在物體外部的前面inthefr53at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)。over,above和on均表示“在……上面”,over反義詞是under;above反義詞是below;on指兩個(gè)物體表面有接觸。

infrontof表示“在……前面”,其反義詞是behind;inthe

middleof表示“在……的中間”。between表示在兩者之間,

among表示“在……中”數(shù)目為三者或三者以上,

around表示圍繞在四周。beside表示“在旁邊”,inside表示“在……內(nèi)”,outside表示“在……外”。

Conclusion:near/by/nextto表示“在……旁邊”

。

opposite表示“在……對(duì)面”

。

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)。over,54三.方位介詞in在某范圍之內(nèi)to在某范圍之外on與某地相鄰、接壤1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to三.方位介詞in在某范圍之內(nèi)55throughacrossoverround橫穿從內(nèi)部穿過throughacrossoverround橫穿從內(nèi)部穿過56

cross表面穿過through中間穿過1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom___thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango___theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim____theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.past

57四、表方式、方法、手段in用材料、語言with用工具、某物by用方式、方法、手段1.Mymotheroftengotowork___bike.A.inB.onC.by2.Theteacheriswritingonthepaper__redinkandtheblackboard__apieceofchalk.A.with,withB.in,withC.with,in3.Canyousayit___English?A.inB.withC.by

四、表方式、方法、手段58

with與……一起;

without、except從整體里除去個(gè)體;除……之外,不包括

besides“除了……還”;

eg.

Besides

MrLi,fiveteacherswenttothemeeting.

including從整體中突出個(gè)體“包括……”四、整體與部分介詞—Whydidyouallgoswimming

Tom?—Becausehewasillathome.A.with B.besides C.besideD.except

with與……一起;

without、except從整體里59常見的介詞搭配①It’sveryniceofyoutohelpme.②It’sverygoodforyoutodoexercise.③theanswer(key)tothequestion(lock)④befamousfor⑤befamousas⑥bemadeof

⑦bemadefrom⑧ontime⑨intime最新初中英語詞性講解課件60介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞的搭配:lookat(看)lookfor(找)lookafter(照顧)lookover(檢查)lookoutof(朝……外面看)look(a)round(環(huán)視)arrivein+大地方(到達(dá))arriveat+小地方(到達(dá))hearof(聽說)hearfrom(收到……的來信)spend+錢+onsth.(花錢做某事)spend+時(shí)間+(in)doingsth.(花時(shí)間做某事)介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配61同一介詞和不同動(dòng)詞的搭配:askfor(要求)leavefor(動(dòng)身去)sendfor(派人去請(qǐng))payfor(付錢)waitfor(等待)agreewithsb(同意某人)beginwith(以……開始)helpwith(在……方面幫助)catchupwith(趕上)geton/alongwith(與……相處)makefriendswith(與……交朋友)同一介詞和不同動(dòng)詞的搭配:62其他的介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配:listento(聽)comefrom(來自……)falloff(從……上摔下)tryout(試驗(yàn))knockat/on(敲)prefer...to...(比起……來還是……好)learnbyoneself(自學(xué))takecareof(照顧)stop...(from)doing(阻止……做……)helponeselfto+食物(隨便吃……)getto(到達(dá))Thanksto(多虧,由于)其他的介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配:63介詞和形容詞的常見搭配:begoodat(在……方面好)beweakin(在……方面差)begoodfor(對(duì)……有好處)bebadfor(對(duì)……有壞處)belatefor(遲到)besorryfor(為……遺憾,抱歉)befullof(充滿)bebusywith(忙于)beangrywith(對(duì)某人生氣)beafraidof(害怕)beinterestedin(對(duì)……感興趣)bedifferentfrom(與……不同)bestrictwithsb.insth.(在某事上對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格)befondof(喜愛)介詞和形容詞的常見搭配:641.害怕2.對(duì)……驚訝3.生氣4.對(duì)……興奮5.對(duì)……滿意6.以……著名7.充滿了8.擅長(zhǎng)9.對(duì)……感興趣10.遲到11.與……不同beafraidofbeamazedatbeangrywithbeexcitedaboutbepleasedwithbefamousforbefilledwithbegoodatbeinterestedin介詞短語belateforbedifferentfrom1.害怕beafraidofbeamaze65中考精選練習(xí):選擇填空:()1.Thereisagoodplay______TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in

()2.Howfarisit____Guangzhou____Beijing?

A.from…toB.from…forC.away…to()3.Japanlies_____theeastofChina.

A.toB.inC.on()4.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in(2002廣東)()5.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:____eight.A.InB.AtC.OnAAACB中考精選練習(xí):選擇填空:()1.Thereis66()6.

Myauntarrivedhere____awarmspringmorning.

A.inB.atC.on()7.A:Whendidyourunclearrive______China?B:HegottoGuangzhou______themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on()8.Hawaiiisfamous_____itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with()9.Don’tbeangrywith____.Heisonlyachild.A.heB.hisC.him()10.Wemuststopchildrenfrom______withfire.A.playB.playedC.playingCABCC()6.Myauntarrivedhere67代詞代詞的考點(diǎn)人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞代詞的考點(diǎn)人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞不定代詞68人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves人稱單復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格形容詞性名詞性反身代詞第一單數(shù)69主格:用作句子的主語,放在動(dòng)詞前(疑問句式放在特殊動(dòng)詞后);eg.ShelivesinToronto,Canada.DoeshespeakEnglish?賓格:用作句子的賓語,放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后;eg.Yesterday

my

motherboughtme

anewbike.Iusuallygotomovieswith

her

onweekends.形容詞性物主代詞:用作句子的定語,之后必須帶名詞;eg.Thisismybook.That’shis

book.名詞性物主代詞:相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組,之后不能帶名詞(其代換的名詞需在前文中出現(xiàn));eg.Hisbookismuchnewerthanmine(=mybook).反身代詞:一般放在動(dòng)詞后,要求同主語人稱一致。eg.Sheteachesherself

English.

基本形式

主格:用作句子的主語,放在動(dòng)詞前(疑問句式放在特殊動(dòng)詞后);701.幾個(gè)人稱代詞連用時(shí)的位置關(guān)系:幾個(gè)人稱代詞同時(shí)作某一成分時(shí),應(yīng)將第二人稱放在最前面,而將第一人稱放最后。

eg.You,heandIaregoodfriends.Thesebooksareforyouandme.例如:MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme2、在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not后多用賓格.例如:—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me

—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her注意:

1.幾個(gè)人稱代詞連用時(shí)的位置關(guān)系:幾個(gè)人稱代詞同時(shí)作某一成713.名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),主謂一致關(guān)系:名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),其后的謂語動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)同它所代換的名詞形式保持一致。

eg.Myshoesarecheap.Buthis_____expensive.A.is B.are C.be D.am4.反身代詞的正確寫法(單復(fù)數(shù)的判斷):在使用反身代詞時(shí),應(yīng)注意根據(jù)句中的某些詞語推斷其單復(fù)數(shù)形式,并注意寫法。eg.Pleasehelp_____tosomecakes,children.A.you B.yourself C.yourselves D.your答案為B。因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的his代換了hisshoes,其代換的名詞為復(fù)數(shù),be用are。答案為C。因?yàn)椤癶elpyourselftosome…”是一個(gè)固定句式(意為“請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)……”),我們可根據(jù)children認(rèn)定對(duì)象為復(fù)數(shù)。3.名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),主謂一致關(guān)系:名詞性物主代詞作72反身代詞常見固定搭配過得愉快自學(xué)請(qǐng)隨便吃…自言自語獨(dú)自為自己不要客氣陶醉/沉浸于自己穿衣服照顧自己enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself反身代詞常見固定搭

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