醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的讀音規(guī)則-2課件

醫(yī)學(xué)英語術(shù)語的

讀音規(guī)則醫(yī)學(xué)英語的難點(diǎn)：詞匯詞匯的難點(diǎn)：發(fā)音發(fā)音的難點(diǎn)：重音醫(yī)學(xué)英語的來源希臘語：Hippocrates(460BC-377BC)拉丁語:(1)古羅馬人征服了希臘，繼承了古希臘醫(yī)學(xué)，改用拉丁文(2)古羅馬人統(tǒng)治英國(guó)數(shù)百年(55BC-476AD)(3)文藝復(fù)興：用拉丁語和希臘語成為文人學(xué)者所崇尚的時(shí)髦第一，詞的倒數(shù)第二音節(jié)里的元音是雙元音或長(zhǎng)音，重音就落到倒數(shù)第二音節(jié)上，如：streptomycin，oliguria，第二，詞的倒數(shù)第二音節(jié)里單元音后有兩個(gè)單輔音，重音位置則固定在單元音上，如：influenza，serovaccine，第三，以－ula,－ulum,－ola,－olus結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，重音在倒數(shù)第三音節(jié)上，如：nodulus,mandibula,reticulumII.倒數(shù)第二個(gè)音節(jié)重讀-cleisis:enterocleisis腸閉塞ei[ai]-ema:edema水腫e[i:]-emia:uremia/urinemia尿毒癥-esis:erythropoiesis紅細(xì)胞生成-itis:laryngotracheobronchitis喉氣管支氣管炎-mania:bibliomania藏書狂a[ei]-mycin:streptomycin鏈霉素y[ai]

-oma:hysteroma子宮瘤o[ou]-pathia:cerebropathia腦病a[?]-penia:leukocytopenia白細(xì)胞減少癥-phagia:tachyphagia速食癖-phalia:basophalia嗜堿性，堿性細(xì)胞增多-phobia:hydrophobia狂犬病，恐水癥-phrenia:bradyphrenia思想遲緩，語言遲緩-plasia:dyschondroplasia軟骨發(fā)音異常-rrhagia:oophorrhagia卵巢出血-rrhexis:enterorrhexis腸破裂-stasia:cholestasia膽汁郁積-tocia:hysterotomotokia剖腹產(chǎn)-tresia:pelycochirometresia骨盆指量法-uria:oliguria少尿，尿過少IV.次重讀音節(jié)主重讀音節(jié)和次重讀音節(jié)之間至少有一個(gè)音節(jié)Tuberculo?sero‘vaccine結(jié)核病血清菌苗Facio?scapulo‘humeral面肩胛臂的?Cortico?suprare‘noma腎上腺皮質(zhì)瘤E?rythro?cyto‘penia紅細(xì)胞減少Auricle耳廓，心耳，心房Auricula耳廓，心耳，心房ThoraxthoracicVII.具體發(fā)音元音：(1)ae,oe[i:]如，amoeba阿米巴屬，變形蟲屬Paedophilia戀童癖caecumoesophagus(2)au[o:]Auricle耳廓，心耳，心房Auricula耳廓，心耳，心房(3)eu[ju:]Eugenics優(yōu)生學(xué)eubolism代謝正常輔音：不發(fā)音p,g,h，Ptosis下垂Gnathitis頜炎R(shí)hinal鼻的PsychiatryPseudopodium假足，偽足gnathospasmus頜痙攣,牙關(guān)緊閉Rhexis破裂ch[k],Chondroclast破軟骨細(xì)胞chirobrachialgia手臂麻痛Chromosomesaccharin,CholeraTrachea[t?]Chokex在詞首發(fā)[z],詞中發(fā)[ks]Xanthine黃嘌呤Xanthodermia皮膚變黃Axilla腋Submaxilla下頜骨C:[k],a,o,u之前cardiac,leucocyte,occur[s],e,i,y之前Paracentesis,placenta,ascites,cilia,erythrocyte總結(jié)1.重讀原則2.倒數(shù)第二音節(jié)3.倒數(shù)第三音節(jié)4.次重讀5.不等音節(jié)6.個(gè)別音補(bǔ)充：醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語的拼寫特點(diǎn)2.前綴、詞根和后綴的換位Cystatrophy膀胱萎縮Myasthenia/amyosthenia肌無力，肌衰弱Dyschondroplasia/chondrodysplasia軟骨發(fā)育異常，軟骨營(yíng)養(yǎng)障礙Phonocardiography/cardiophonography心音描記法6.(1)c被k所代替Leucocyteleukocyte白細(xì)胞Leucosisleukosis造白細(xì)胞組織增生(2)ei被i所代替Cheiroplastychiroplasty手成形術(shù)(3)oe,ae被e所代替Amoeba,peadiatrician7.前綴拼寫的簡(jiǎn)化趨勢(shì)Parental:para+enter+al腸外的如：Meta-后Metachromosome后期染色體Metarteriole動(dòng)脈毛細(xì)血管,后微動(dòng)脈Apo-離Apobiosis自然死亡，生理死亡Aparthrosis動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)Ante-抗，前Antecardium腹上部Antalgic止痛的，止痛藥Anti-抗，解A