新世紀研究生英語聽力上（下冊）原文

..LESSONONEResourcesandEnergyPARTA1.W:Couldyoumailtheselettersforme,please?M:Moreletters?Yourfriendsaregoingtobeveryhappytohearfromyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?2.W:DoesProfessorFordalwayscometoclass?M:Isicecold?Q:WhatdoyoulearnaboutProfessorFord?3.W:Wouldyouhavesometimethisweektogooverthesequestionswithme?M:Howdoestomorrowsound?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?4.M:Hey?John!John!W:Saveyourbreath.He'soutofearshot.Q:WhatistrueaboutJohn,accordingtothewoman?5.W:Youonlyhavewatertoserveyourguests?M:Thisisn'tjustwater.Thisisimportedmineralwater.Q:Whatistheimplicationofthewoman?6.M:CouldIborrowatwentytotidemeovertillpaydaynextTuesday?W:Youareinluck.Ijustcashedthecheck.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?7.M:Jean,didn'tyougetmymessages?Ilefttwoonyouransweringmachine.W:Hmm?Oh,sorry,Tom.I'vebeenmeaningtogetbackintouchwithyou.Itjustslippedmymind.Q:Whydidn’tthewomanreturntheman’scalls?8.W:I'msorry,sir,butyou'reallowedonlyonepieceofluggageontheplane.You'llhavetocheckinoneofyoursuitcasesatthepackagecounter.M:Actually,oneofthesebelongstothewomanupahead.I'mjustgivingherahand.Q:Whyisthemancarryinganextrasuitcase?9.W:Weneedtodrivetothecitytonight,butthedoctorsaidthismedicinemightmakemedrowsy.M:Inthatcase,I'dbetterdrive.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthewomanshoulddo?10.M:Lookatallthepollutiongoingintotheairfromthosefactories.Doyouthinkthey'llevergetundercontrol?W:Withthenewlawsandsocialawareness,we'llturnthingsaround.Q:Whatdoesthewomanpredictwillhappen?11.W:Aren'tyoucold?Whyaren'tyouwearingajacket?M:Ioversleptthismorning,soIranoutofthehousewithoutlisteningtotheforecast.Q:Whyisn’tthemanwearingajacket?12.M:prof.Jones,lastnightwhenIwasputtingthefinishingtouchesonmypaperthatelectricalstormcompletelywipedoutmycomputerfiles.DoyouthinkIcouldhaveanotherdaytoretypeit?W:I'msorry,Steven.I’mleavingforaconferencetomorrow,andI'llbeawayfor2weeks.Isupposeyoucouldsendittomethere.Q:Whatwilltheprofessorprobablyallowthestudenttodo?13.W:DoyouknowifMaryhascomebytheofficethismorning?M:Ijustgotheremyself,soI'mnottheonetoask.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?14.M:IreallyenjoyedthatTVspecialabout"wealth"lastnight.Didyougettohomeintimetoseeit?W:Well,yes.ButIwishIcouldhavestayedawakelongenoughtoseethewholething.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?15.W:Taketwoofthesepillsthreetimesadayandyoushouldn'ttakethemonanemptystomach.M:WhatifIdon'thaveanappetite?Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?PARTBPassageI:Thepopulationoftheworldhasbeenincreasingfasterandfaster.In10,000B.C.,therewereprobably10millionpeople.InA.D.1,therewere300million.Ittook1750yearsforthepopulationtoreach625million,alittlemorethandoubletheA.D.1figure.In1990,therewere5.3billionpeople.Bytheyear2000,theworld'spopulationwasover6billion,andby2050,itisexpectedtoreach10billion.Doestheearthhaveenoughnaturalresourcestosupportthismanypeople?Differentscientistsgivedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Somesaythatthereareenoughresourcestosupportmorethan6billionpeople.However,therichestcountries,withasmallpercentageoftheworld'spopulation,usemostoftheresources.Iftheseresourcescouldbedistributedmoreequallyaroundtheworld,therewouldbeenoughforeveryone.Otherscientistssaythatwemustlimitpopulationgrowthbecauseourresourcesarelimited.Only10percentoftheearth'slandcanbeusedforfarmingandanother20percentforraisinganimals.Itispossibletoincreasetheamountoffarmland,butonlyalittle.Somelandindevelopingcountriescouldbemoreproductiveifpeoplestartedusingmodernfarmingmethods,butthiswouldnotincreaseworldwideproductionbymuch,Weallknowthatthereisalimitedamountofpetroleum.Therearealsolimitstotheamountsofmetals.Thereisalimittotheamountofwaterwecanusesincemostoftheearth'swaterissaltwater,andmostofthefreshwaterisfrozenattheNorthandSouthPoles.Itisdifficulttosayhowmanypeopletheearthcansupport,butitwillhelpeveryoneifwecanlimitpopulationgrowthbeforeseriousshortagesdevelop.Theproblemishowtodoit.1.Between1990and2000,whatchangesdidtheworldpopulationhave?2.Accordingtosomescientists,whichofthefollowingistrue?3.Whycan'tmostoftheearth'swaterbeused?4.Indevelopingcountries,whatdoestheuseofmedernfarmingmethodsresultin?5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?II1.Therewereprobably10millionpeople.2.Itisexpectedtobe10billion.3.Iftheresourcescouldbedistributedmoreequallyaroundtheworld,therewouldbeenouehforeveryone.4.Only10percent.5.Itishowtolimitpopulationgrowth.PassageII:Freshwater,lifeitself,hasnevercomeeasyintheMiddleEast.EversincetheOldTestamentwhenGodpunishedmanwith40daysand40nightsofrain,watersuppliesherehavebeendwindling.Therainfallonlycomesinwinteranddrainsquicklythroughthesemiaridland,leavingthesoiltobakeandtothirstfornextNovember.Theregion'sacceleratingpopulationgrowth,expandingagriculture,industrialization,andhigherlivingstandardsdemandmorefreshwater.Droughtandpollutionlimititsavailability.Warandmismanagementsquanderit.NationslikeIsraelandJordanareswiftlyslidingintothatzonewheretheyareusingallthewaterresourcesavailabletothem.Theyhaveonly15to20yearsleftbeforetheiragriculture,andultimatelytheirfoodsecurity,isthreatened.Evenamidthescarcitytherearehavesandhave-nots.ComparedwiththeUnitedStates,whichhasafreshwaterpotentialof10,000cubicmetersayearforeachcitizen.Iraqhas5,500.Turkeyhas4,000,andSyriahaslittlemorethan2,800.Egypt'spotentialisonly1,100.Israelhas460,andJordanhaslessthan260.Butthesearenotfirmfigures,becauseupstreamuseofriverwatercandramaticallyalterthepotentialdownstream.ScarcityisonlyoneelementoftheMiddleEast’swatercrisis.Inefficiencyisanother,asisthereluctanceofsomewater-poornationstochangeprioritiesfromagriculturetolesswater-intensiveenterprises.Someexpertssuggestthatifthesenationswouldsharebothwatertechnologyandresources,theycouldsatisfytheregion'spopulation,currently159million.Butinthispatchworkofethnicandreligiousrivalries,thewatercrisisisnotaclear-cutissue.Itisentangledinthepoliticsthatkeeppeoplefromtrustingandseekinghelpfromoneanother.Here,wherewater,liketruth,isprecious,eachnationtendstofinditsownwaterandsupplyitsowntruth.1.WhendoestherainfallcomeintheMiddleEast?2.Whatisthecauseofthewatercrisis?3.HowmanyyearsareleftforIsraelandJordanbeforetheiragricultureisthreatened?4.WhatisthecurrentpopulationintheMiddleEastaccordingtothepassage?5.Accordingtosomeexperts'suggestion,whatshouldthenationsdoinordertoavoidawatercrisis?II1>10,0002>5,5004>Morethan2,8003>4,0005>EgyptPartD6>4607>Lessthan2601>award,3>profit,5>dedication,7>moment,9>physical,11>conflict,13>worth,15>heart,17>compassion,19>lust,2>glory,4>trust,6>significance,8>anguish,10>spirit,12>alone,14>room,16>honor,18>curse,20>valueLessonTwocrimeandpunishment1.M:Hello?W:Hello.ThisisDr.Grey'soffice.Wearecallingtoremindyouofyour4:15appointmentforyourannualcheckuptomorrow.M:Oh,thanks.It'sagoodthingyoucalled.Ithoughtitwas4:15today.Q:Whyistheofficecallingtheman?2.W:Howwonderful!Youwonthescholarship.Canyoubelieveit?M:No.It'salmosttoogoodtobetrue.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.W:Excuseme,ProfessorDavidson.ButIwashopingtotalktoyouaboutmyclassprojectforeconomics.M:Ihaveaclassinafewminutes.Whydon'tyoucomeandseemeduringofficehourstomorrow?Q:WhenwillthewomandiscussherprojectwithProfessorDavidson?4.M:Howareyoufeeling?W:Thestuffthenursegavemeseemedtohavehelped.Butit'smakingmeawfullydrowsy.Q:Whatdoyoulearnaboutthewoman?5.M:BillSmithhasvolunteeredtowriteasummaryoftheproposalswe'veagreedon.W:WillIhaveachancetoreviewit?Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?6.M:Theviewisspectacular.Couldyoutakeapictureofmewiththemountainsinthebackground?W:I'mafraidIjustranoutoffilm.Q:Whatproblemdoesthewomanhave?7.W:Excuseme,we'rereadytoordernow.M:I'llbewithyouinjustaminute.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.W:IthinkIforgotmyumbrella.Didyounoticeifitisrainingoutside?M:Yeah,itis.AndIjustrealizedIleftmycarwindowopen.Q:Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?9.W:Howdoesyourdaughterlikehernewschool?M:Fine.Sheseemstohavemadenewfriendsinnotime.Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman'sdaughter?10.W:There'sanarticlehereinthismagazineyoumightfindinteresting.It'saboutbuyingrunningshoes.M:Ifit'snotchemistryandit'snotonthefinalexam,Ican'treaditnow.Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?11.M:You'rewashingyourcarevenonvacation.Itmakesmefeelguilty.W:Youshouldn’t,it’sjustthatIhavenothingbettertodoatthismoment.Q:Whatdoyouthinkofthewoman?12.M:MydoctortoldmeIneedtogoforsomeexpensivetreatmentsformyinjuredknee.W:Areyousure?Maybeyouneedasecondopinion.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?13.W:Hello.Couldyoufitmeinforanappointmenttoday?Ineedastylistwhoisgoodatcuttingcurlyhair.M:Juliaisgoodatthat.Sheistheowner.Howaboutnoon?Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?14.W:There'snothingIlikemorethanagoodmysterynovelwhenI'vegotsomesparetime.M:Iliketoread,too.ButIprefernon-fiction,history,socialcommentaryandstufflikethat.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?15.M:I'mnotanexpert,butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn'tsoundgood.Maybeyoushouldcallandhaveitcheckedout.W:You'reright.AndIsupposeI'veputitofflongenough.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?PassageIPursesnatchingisanincreasinglycommoncrime.Thereareestimated50to100pursesnatchingseachmonthintheNewYorkCitysubways,thenumberoftenswingingwidelybecauseofthedepredationsofasingleteenager.Whensuchaprofessionalisincustody,thesnatchescandecreasebymorethan50amonth.Oneofthefavoredtechniquesistostandbetweentwosubwaycarsand,asatrainstartspullingoutofthestation,reachoutandpullfreeawoman'spurse.Recently,acrimeanalysisofficerfortheNewYorkPoliceDepartmentfoundthatpursestealinginManhattan'stoprestaurantswasup35percentoverthepreviousyear.Whenawomanputsherpurseonanemptychairatatableoratherfeetbesideherchair,sheisinvitingapursesnatchertotakeit.Pursesnatchersoftenworkinpairs.Whenatargetinarestaurantisseen,oneofthemwillcreatesomekindofdisturbancetogainthevictim'sattention.Whilethewomanislookingawayfromhertable,theactualsnatcherwillliftthepurse.Apopulartechniqueisforthethieftocarryanumbrellawiththecurvedhandledown.Theumbrellahandlesuddenlyhooksthebagandinaninstantitisonthethief'swrist,orunderthecoatoverhisarmifheisaman,andonitswayoutoftherestaurant.Policeadvisethatwomeninrestaurantskeeptheirpurseeitherontheirlapsoronthefloorbetweentheirlegs.Otherpursesnatcherswhooperateintheatersarecalled"seattippers",victimizingwomenwhoputtheirpursesdownonaneighboringemptyseat.Othersspecializeinsnatchingpursesfromladies'rooms.Whenawomanisinatoiletstall,herpurseshouldneverbeplacedonthefloororhungonthecoathookonthedoor.Thievessimplydiveunderthedoorandgrabthepurseonthefloor,orstandonthetoiletinthenextstallandreachoverandtakethepurseoffthehook.Thesnatcherhasenoughtimetoescapesincethevictimcan'timmediatelypursuethethief.I.1.Whendoesthenumberofpursesnatchingsdecreasemostdramatically?2.Wheredoesapursesnatcherliketocommitcrimesinsubwaystations?3.Whenwomenareinrestaurants,wherearetheyadvisedtoputtheirpurses?4.Whatdoesathiefoftenusetosnatchpursesinrestaurants?5.Accordingtothispassage,wheredoespursesnatchingnotusuallyoccur?II.crimeanalysisofficer;takeit;purses;inpairs;toprestaurants;anemptychair;tosomekindofdisturbance;coathook;snatchingneverbeplaced;inthenextstall;enoughtimetoescapePassageIIOntheafternoonofJuly4,1995,Mrs.BeatriceWeinbergerbroughtherone-montholdbabybackfromanouting.Sheleftthepramoutsideherhouseandhurriedinsidetogetthebabyacleannappy.Whenshereturnedafewmomentslater,thepramwasemptyandascrawlednotewaslyingwhereherbabyhadbeen.Thenotesaid:"Attention.Ibadlyneedmoney,andcan'tgetitanyotherway.Don'ttellthepoliceaboutthis,otherwiseIwillkillthebaby.""Justput$2,000insmallbillsinabrownenvelope,andplaceitnexttotheroadlampatthecornerofAlbamarleRd.atexactly10o'clocktomorrow<Thursday>morning.""Ifeverythinggoessmooth,Iwillbringthebabybackandleavehimonthesamecorner'safeandhappy'atexactly12noon.Noexcuse,Icannotwait!Yourbaby-sitter."Despitethekidnapper'swarning,Mrs.Weinbargercontactedthepolice.Asmallparcelcontainingbrokenpiecesofnewspaperwasplacedonthecomerthefollowingmorning.Butthekidnapperdidnotshowup.Hefailedtokeeptwoother"appointments"withtheWeinbergers,andleftasecondnotesigned"Yourbaby-sitter'.Bythen,thepolicefeltthatthebabywasnolongeralive.TheFBIwascalledin,andthehandwritingexpertssettoworktotrytotrackdownthekidnapper.Inbothnotesanunusualz-shapedstrokewasplacedatthefrontoftheyinwordssuchas"money"and"baby".StartingwiththeNewYorkStatePoliceOffice,theexpertsspentthenextsixweekscarefullygoingoverlocalrecordsatpoliceoffices,factories,hotels,clubsandschoolsandexamininghandwritingsamplesandcomparingthemwiththewritingonthekidnapper'snotes.Then,inthemiddleofAugust,theexperts'hardeffortspaidoff.ThehandwritingofJohnRushBlakematchedthatofthekidnapper's,especiallyinthepeculiarformationofthey's.Notlongafter,JohnBlakewasarrestedformakingillegalalcohol.Onbeingshownthehandwritingsamples,heconfessedtokidnappingthebaby.Hetoldthepolicethathehadleftthebabyaliveandwellinanearbyparkonthedayafterthekidnapping.Butwhenofficershurriedtotheplace,alltheyfoundwasthebaby'sdeadbody.ThecriminalwaslaterputintoNewYork'sSingSingPrison.EvenifJohnBlakehadtriedtodisguisehishandwritinghewouldstillhavebeencaught.Nomatterhowhardsomeonemaytrytodisguisehishandwritingcharacteristics,the"individuality"ofthewritershowsthrough,theveryangleatwhichheorsheholdsapen,thewayatiscrossedandaniisdotted,theheightandsizeofcapitalandsmallletters,theamountofspacebetweenwords,theuse<ormisuse>ofpunctuationmarks.Allthesecanidentifyapersonassurelyasfingerprints.I.1.WhathappenedtoMrs.WeinbergerontheafternoonofJuly4th,1995?2.Accordingtothemessageleftbythekidnapper,onwhatconditioncouldMrs.Weinbergerhaveherbabyback?3.WhatdidMrs.Weinbergerdoafterreadingthenote?4.HowdidtheFBIcatchthecriminal?5.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribepeople'shandwritingcharacteristics?II.1.<T>WhenMrs.Weinbergercamebackfromanoutingsomethingterriblehappenedtoher.2.<T>Someonekidnappedherbabybecausehelackedmoney.3.<F>Thekidnapperdidnotconfesstodiekidnappingofthebabyinthefaceofthehandwritingsample.4.<T>Itwasthehandwritingexpertthatbrokethecase.5.<F>Atlast,thepolicefoundthebabyandhewassafeandhappy.PassageIII.TimothyMcVaighplacedapowerfulbombnearafederalgovernmentbuildinginOklahomaCityin1995.Theexplosionkilled168people,including19children.ArgumentsareincreasingintheUnitedStatesbothforandagainstthedeathpenalty.TheincreasingdeathpenaltydebateiscausedbytheplannedexecutionofconvictedmurdererMcVeigh.Heistobethefirstpersonexecutedbythefederalgovernmentsince1963.38statespermitthedeathsentence.Lastyear85peoplewereexecutedintheUnitedStates.Recentpublicopinionstudiesshowthatmorethan75percentofAmericanssupperMcVeigh'sexecution.TheseincludemanyAmericanswhousuallyopposethedeathsentence.KentScheideggeriswiththeCriminalJusticeLegalFoundationinCalifomia.Itisavictim'srightsorganizationthatsupportsthedeathpenalty.Mr.ScheideggersaysMcVeighisaperfectexampleofwhythereisaneedforafederaldeathpenalty.HesaysanythinglessthanthedeathofMcVeighwouldshowacompletelackofjustice.GroupsopposedtothedeathpenaltysaytheapprovaloftheexecutionofMcVeighdoesnotshowanincreaseingeneralpublicsupportforthedeathpenalty.Opinionstudiesshowthatsupportforthedeathpenaltyhasdecreased.Studiesshow77percentofAmericanssupporteditfiveyearsago,nowonlyabout63percentdo,Opponentsofthedeathpenaltyhavealwaysarguedthatitwasunfair.Theysaypoorpeoplewhocannotpayforgoodlegalhelpreceivethedeathpenaltymoreoftenthanothers.Andtheysaycourtsorderthedeathpenaltymoreoftenwhentheaccusedisamemberofaracialminoritygroup.PartD1>generous2>company3>hospitality4>reception5>reputation6>anniversary7>suspicion8>mutual9>vastest10>communication11>commerce12>contact13>197514>openness15>potential16>secure17>lure18>astonish19>reach20>confidentLessonThreeComputersandtheInternetPartA1.M:Thisreportisduetomorrow.Wouldyoubeabletoworkonitwithmetonight?W:Unfortunately,Ihaveanothercommitment.Q:Whatisthewomansaying?2.W:IwonderwherethebooksIorderedare.Iexpectedtoreceivethepackageseveraldaysago.M:Maybeyou'dbettercheckitoutwiththecompany.Theycouldbetemporarilyoutofstock.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?3.M:IjusthavetotypethislastpageandthenI'mthrough.W:Bythen,I'llbedone,too.Q:Whatcanbelearnedaboutthewoman?4.W:Didyoureadtheeditorialinthepaperaboutthemayor'sspeech?M:Isuredid.ButIthinktheytwistedthemeaningofwhathesaid.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheeditorial?5.W:Whydon'twegotoseeamovietonight?Agoodcomedymightcheeryouup.M:Iwould.ButthereasonthatI'vebeensodownisallthisworkIhavetodo.Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?6.W:So,areyougoingtoseethestudents'playtonight?M:Idoubtit.I'mstillgettingovertheflu.Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?7.M:Gordonneedstofindanotherplacetolive.Theapartmentherentsnowhasbeensoldtoanewowner.W:He'dbetterstartlookingrightaway.Whenallthestudentscomebackinafewweeks,hewon'tfindanynearthecampus.Q:WhatdoesthewomansuggestGordondo?8.W:MindifIborrowyourSpanishworkbook?M:NotaslongasIhaveitbackintimetotaketoclassthisevening.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?9.W:Youdon'tbelieveindiets,doyou?M:Thereisnothingwrongwiththempersebuttheyhavetobecombinedwithexercisetodoanygood.Q:Whatistheman'sattitudetowardsdiets?10.W:Idon'tknowwhichcolorfoldertouse,whiteorbrown.M:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?It'sthecontentthat'simportant.Q:Whatistheimplicationoftheman?11.W:Youknow,I'veheardthatProfessorMartin'sIntroductiontoChemistryclassistoodemandingforfirstyearstudents.Theysayit'sthemostdifficultcourseforgraduatestudents.M:Yeah,butalotofstudentswilltellyouotherwise.Gotalktoanyonewhohasgonetoanadvancedcourse,likeOrganicChemistry,orwhostudiedchemistryingraduateschool.They'rereallygladtheystartedoutwithProfessorMartin.Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutProfessorMartin?12.W:Hey,Mark.Haveyoubeenabletosellyouroldpiano,yet?M:Hmm,youwereright.Justpostingnoticesonbulletinboardsatacoupleofsupermarketswasn'tenough.IthinkI'llhavetoplaceanadvertisementinthelocalnewspaper.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?13.W:I'mamazedthatyoustillhaven'tgottentoknowyourneighbors.M:Theytendtokeeptothemselves.Q:Whyhasn'tthemangottentoknowhisneighbors?14.W:Hi!Um,Ithinksomethingiswrongwiththewashingmachine.Itworks,andIjustdidmylaundry,butitmakessomestrangenoises.Maybeyoushouldcallsomeonetofixit.M:Oh,don'tworry.Someonefromtherepairshopisalreadyonthewayovertotakealookatit.Q:Whatistheimplicationoftheman?15.W:It'ssothoughtfulofyoutooffertodropmeoffatthetrainstation.Areyousureit'snotoutofyourway?M:Notatall.ThestationisreallyclosetowhereI'mgoing.Q:Whatcanbelearnedabouttheman?PassageITheApplicationofComputersinEducationThebestmethodforimprovingeducationalstandardsistoutilizeeverytoolavailable,includingstate-of-the-arttechnology.Computersandtheinternethaveexpandedthewayinwhichinformationcanbedeliveredtothestudentsoftoday.Today'snetworkingtechnologiesprovideavaluableopportunitytopractisenewlearningtechniques.Educatorsarediscoveringthatcomputersarefacilitatinglearning.Computer-basedcommunications,ortelecommunications,canoffermanyeducationalopportunities;therefore,educatorswillneedtoadaptcurrentteachingmethodstoincorporatethisnewmediaintotheclassroom.Computershavemadeafundamentalimpactonmostindustries,providingacompetitiveadvantagethathascometobeessentialtomanybusinesses.Therefore,schoolsmustalsousetechnologytoimprovetheeducationalprocess.Schoolsystemsoftenconsiderpurchasingacomputernetwork,andjustifyitspurchasebyapplyingittoroutineadministrativetasks,suchasattendancerecordsandgrading.Whilethesetasksareveryimportant,theyonlyshowasmallpartofwhattechnologycandoforaschool.Technologymustgofurtherthansimplykeepingattendance;itmustfocusonkeepingstudentsinterestedandproductive.SincecomputersandtheInternethaveexpandedthewaysinwhicheducationcanbedeliveredtostudents,itiscurrentlypossibletoengagein"distanceeducation"throughtheInternet.Distanceeducationinvolvesaudioandvideolinksbetweenteachersandstudentsinremoteareas.Videoconferencingallowsgroupstocommunicatewitheachother.Desktopvideoconferencingpromisestobringstudentstogetherfromgeographicandculturaldistancesfacetofaceviacomputer.Notonlywilltheteachertalktothestudents,butthestudentswillbeabletointeractwitheachother.Thiswillmakestudentsmoreinterestedinlearning.I.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatareeducatorsdiscovering?2.Whatdoschoolsusuallypurchasecomputernetworksfor?3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldcomputersbemainlyusedfor?4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofvideoconferencing?5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?II.fundamentalimpact;beessential;improvetheeducationalprocess;justifyitspurchase;attendancerecords;whattechnologycandoPassageIIE-CommerceTheInternet,asameansforcommerce,didnotbecomerealityuntilthe1990s.Beforethistime,itwasmainlyatoolforthearmy,andaresearchdeviceforsomeAmericanuniversities.Itspopularitygrewwhenitprovedtobeafastandefficientmeanstoconductlongdistancetransactions,aswellasaneffectivewaytodistributeinformation.Thefirstadvantagethate-commercepossessesisspeed.Withincreasedspeedsofcommunication,thedeliverytimeisexpeditedandthatmakesthewholetransactionfromstarttofinishmoreefficient.Also,youcanfindpracticallyanyproductavailableforsaleontheInternet.EvenmoresignificantisthefactthatinformationappearingontheInternetcanbechangedrapidly.Thisgivesbusinessownerstheabilitytoinformcustomersofanychangestotheservicethattheyareoffering.Thesecondadvantageofelectroniccommerceistheopportunityitofferstosaveoncosts.ByusingtheInternet,marketing,distribution,personnel,phone,postageandprintingcosts,amongmanyothers,canbereduced.Youcanstartdoingbusinessincyberspaceforaslittleas$100.Thesavings,therefore,aretremendous.Thesefundscanthenbedivertedtomarketingandadvertisingyourproductorservice.Cyberspaceknowsnonationalboundaries.Thatmeansyoucandobusinessallovertheworldaseasilyasyoucaninyourownneighborhood.SincetheInternetconnectseveryoneincyberspace,informationistransmittedatthespeedofsoundorthespeedoflight,dependingonyourconnection.Eitherway,distancebecomesmeaningless,whichenablesyoutolinktonearlyanyoneontheglobe,andanyoneontheglobecanlinktoyou.TheabilitytoestablishlinksmakesdoingbusinessontheInternetattractivetocustomersinanypartoftheworld.Apotentialsourceoftroubleiscustomerconcernswithprivacyandsecurity.AnythingsentovertheInternetissentthroughseveraldifferentcomputersbeforeitreachesitsfinaldestination.TheconcernregardingInternetsecurityandprivacyisthatunscrupuloushackerscancapturecreditcardorcheckaccountdataasitistransferredorbreakintocomputersthatholdthesameinformation.MakingacustomerfeelsafeisimportantwhendoingbusinessontheInternet.Eventhoughnoonecanguarantee100%securitywhentransferringfinancialinformationovertheInternet,e-commerceisstillsaferthanusingcreditcardsatanactualstoreorrestaurant,orpayingforsomethingwiththeuseofa1-800number."I.l.Beforebeingusedforcommerce,whatwastheInternetmainlyusedfor?2.Whichone