備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考點全國通用微專題17 閱讀理解之人與社會

考向17閱讀理解之大與社會真題典例Passagel（2022?全國?高考真題）Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic（無氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,saysLevine."Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump（泵送）alotmorebloodduringexercise."Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn'tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven'talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,Levinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是鍛煉對于心臟的好處。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“"Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhathappenstotheheart.。、想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會變得干燥，很容易破碎，“德克薩斯大學的心臟專家本?萊文博士說。這就是心臟的變化。）“可知，萊文想通過提到橡皮筋來解釋心臟的老化過程，故選Do.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobicexercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.（第一組每周參加三次非有氧運動 平衡訓練和重量訓練。第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。戶可知，兩組在研究設計上的不同在于運動類型的不同，故選C。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerfbrfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.（第二組在教練的指導下每周進行4天或更多的高強度有氧運動。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有了顯著改善。）”和第四段的“"Wctookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts」saysLevine.（萊文說:“我們把這些50歲的心臟的時鐘撥回30或35歲的心臟?？芍?，萊文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過有氧運動，中年人的心臟會變得更年輕，故選A。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.（但這項研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復進行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會產(chǎn)生最大的影響?？芍?，妮卡?戈德堡博士建議進行進一步的研究。故選C。Passage!（2022?全國?高考真題）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately."

"Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodembehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,MsaidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A. Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C. Inconsistent.D.Unfair.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A. Whereadrivercamefrom. B. Whetheradriver used theirphone.C. Howfastadriverwasgoing. D. When a driverarrived atthe scene.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something,'inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartTextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.B【解析】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機在開車時使用手機造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中'Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel."（在過去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機發(fā)短信，公共服務活動也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse."（然而，無論以何種標準衡量，這個問題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說服司機們在開車的時候放下手機，可是情況卻越來越糟糕。所以各種方法是無效的。A選項ineffective意為“無效的”，與此相符。故選A。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第：段中“Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.”（這項技術(shù)可以確定司機是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機是否使用了手機發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B選項意為“是否司機使用了手機?！迸c此相

符，故選B。.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.''（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，something是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,npeoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."（他說，如果Texlalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當Texlalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故something指代的是法律。故選D。.主旨大意題?？v觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放卜手機?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴重第三段中“Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.^^（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。最后一段講述的是：相關人士呼吁該項技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標題。故選B。（2022?全國?高考真題）Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes（戳）thepagewithhisfinger.What'supwiththat?Hejustlikesthepictures,Ithought.ThenIturnedthepageandcontinued.Hepokedthepageevenharder.Inearlydroppedthebook.Iwasconfused:Istheresomethingwrongwiththiskid?ThenIrealizedwhatwashappening.Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.It'sanoutdated,lifelessthing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butFmnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.Ieditvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Fveevenbuiltwebsites.There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:I'vespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.Butthatdidn'tstopChinaDailyfromaskingmelastweektoshareapersonalstoryforavideoprojectabouttheintegrationofBeijing,TianjinandHebeiprovince.Anyway,grandpaisnowaninternetstar一twominutesoffame!Ipromisenottoletitgotomyhead.ButIwillmakesuremy2-year-oldgrandsonseesitonhistablet..Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterfbrme.B.Becameverycleartome.

C.Tookthepressureoffme.D.Workedquitewellonme..Whydidthekidpokethestorybook?A.Hetookitforatabletcomputer. B.Hedislikedthecolorfulpictures.C.Hewasangrywithhisgrandpa. D.Hewantedtoreaditbyhimself..Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.C.Financiallyindependent.D.Digitallycompetent..Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasajournalist?A.Helacksexperienceinhisjob.B.Heseldomappearsontelevision.C.Hemanagesavideodepartment.D.Heofteninterviewsinternetstars.【答案】9.BIO.All.D12.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳書。.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeifsnew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal「以及畫線詞后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚故選B。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Hewasactuallyastrangertobooks.Hisfatherfrequentlyamusedtheboywithatabletcomputerwhichwasloadedwithcolorfulpicturesthatcomealivewhenyoupokethem.Hethoughtmystorybookwaslikethat.（事實上，他對書本并不熟悉。他的父親經(jīng)常用一臺裝有彩色圖片的平板電腦逗他開心，當你戳它們的時候，這些圖片就會變得栩栩如生。他認為我的故事書就是那樣的戶可知，那孩子戳故事書是因為他把它當成了平板電腦。故選A。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Well,Imaybeold,butTmnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.1editvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.Tveevenbuiltwebsites.（我可能老了，但從數(shù)字角度來說，我還沒有毫無希望的挑戰(zhàn)。我編輯視頻，制作音頻。我用移動支付。我甚至建立了網(wǎng)站戶可知，作者認為自己懂數(shù)碼技術(shù)。故選D。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“There'sonenotablegapinmynew-mediaexperience,however:Fvespentlittletimeinfrontofacamera,sinceIhaveafacemadeforradio.（然而，在我的新媒體體驗中有一個明顯的差距：我很少在鏡頭前呆著，因為我的臉是為電臺而生的）“可知，作者作為記者他很少上電視。故選B。Passage4（2022?全國?高考真題）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,“asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.lt9sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infoct,Roytewrites,4tiffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays..Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood..Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.15.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.16.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【答案】13.B14.B15.D16.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械氖澄锢速M現(xiàn)象以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費而采取的努力。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第?段中的"Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.（像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關注那止與被浪費的食物）”及"Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但隨著時間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉廠可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我們有時會無意間浪費食物。故選Bo.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”（生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會浪費用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費成為一個環(huán)境問題。事實上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費是一個國家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?？芍?，根據(jù)文中的說法，浪費食物的一個后果是對環(huán)境的危害。故選B。.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就會在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用）”可知，科廷的公司用人們不想要的食物重新制作食物。故選Do.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的""Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,”Curtinsays.（“每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周的購物中不購買不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，''科廷說戶可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費食物。故選Ao（2022?全國?高考真題）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.,,“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.”“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.^^Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfiintheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.,,

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^17.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.18.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（該項目山當?shù)匾患掖壬茩C構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況）”可知，這個項目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.Tmenjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.M（有不同的關注點很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進來看母雞，居民們也來外面坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好）“可推知，RulhXavier通過該項目獲得了一種成就感。故選及.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）“可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin（開始）”含義相近。故選C。.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities?'（"諾丁山路徑”的負責人林恩?劉易斯說:我們很高興能參與這個項目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來）“可知，該項目的反響很好。故選A。

經(jīng)典變式練（基礎練、提升練、真題練）※基礎練PassagelAYOUNGgirlraisesherhandinclasstoanswertheteacher'squestion.Sheproudlygivesthecorrectanswerwhenherclassmatesstarttogiggle.Amongthem,shehearssomebodycallhera4€know-it-air,andseesanotherrollhiseyes.Shedoesn'tdaretospeakupagainbecauseconfidentwomenareoftencalled”"bossy”.Despitedecadesofadvances,itseemsthatwomencontinuetofaceprejudicewhenitcomestoholdingapositionofpower.LailaFarah,anassociateprofessoratDePaulUniversityinChicagointheUS,saidthereasonforthisstereotypeliesinhistory.“Thisisanoldphenomenonwhichreflectsthefactthatmanypeoplethinkfemalesdon'thavethesamebraincapabilitycomparedtothemalebrain,“Farahsaid.What'smore,theprejudiceissodeepinoursocietythatithasbecomehardtoignore."Genderbiasisfoundinthemedia,schools,theworkplace-basicallyeverywhere,Farahsaid."Itislearnedininfancyandgoesfromtoyschosentoassumingfemalesaren'tgoodatmath.”Anotherreasonforconfidentwomenbeingcalledbossyisthat“somepeoplearen'tusedtowomenbeingconfidentenoughtospeaktheirminds",saidhighschooljuniorJessicaBellafromIllinois.Embarrassingwomenbycallingthem“bossy“hascausedsomeofthemtotonedowntheirconfidence.InastudydonebytheGirlsLeadershipInstitute,aprogramthathelpsgirlsdevelopstrongleadershipskills,manygirlssaidthebiggestthingholdingthembackfromparticipatinginclasswasbeingjudged.“Sometimes,IknowIhavetherightanswerinclass,butIdon'traisemyhandbecauseIdon'twanttobeannoying,saidhighschooljuniorEmilyGriggfromIllinois.Still,somewomenhavebravelystoodupagainstthisstereotype.“Ifwomeninleadershippositionsareconsideredtobebossy,thenIliketodoallIcantoprovethatwrong.Weallhaveanequalopportunitytopresentourknowledgenomatterhowthatmaycomeacross,MsaidChristinaJakubas,anEnglishteacherfromIllinois.Maybewhatweneedtodoisturnbeingbossyintosomethingempoweringforwomen.Afterall,bossypeoplegetthejobdone.Whydoestheauthorwriteabouttheexperienceofagirlraisingherhandinclass?provethatconfidentwomentendtobebossyexplainwhybossywomenareunpopularingroupsexplorewhatstopswomenfrombeingthemselvesshowhowwomenshouldfightagainstgenderbias

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisvtereotype“inParagraph3referto?Femalesfailingtodoaswellasmalesinmath.Genderbiasbecominghardtoignoreinsociety.Womenwhoholdapositionofpowerfacingprejudice.Femalesnothavingthesamebraincapabilitiesasmales.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewithaccordingtothearticle?Confidentwomentendtopossessstrongleadershipskills.Bossywomenusuallygettheirjobsdonebetterthanmen.Femalesinleadershippositionsshouldtrytoavoidbeingbossy,FemalesshouldignorenegativecommentsandbravelyspeaktheirmindsInwhichpartofthemagazinecanwereadthepassage?A.HealthB.SocietyC.PoliticsD.EntertainmentPassage!MattelishonoringfrontlineworkerswithBarbiedollsmodeledonreal-lifedoctorsandnurses.AmongthemisadollversionofAmyO'Sullivan.She'sanurseattheWyckoffHeightsMedicalCenter.ThafsinBrooklyn,NewYork.O'SullivanappearedonthecoverofTIMElastyear.Thedollhashand-paintedtattoos,silverhair,andcolorfulsockslikethoseO'Sullivanwearstoworkeveryday.O'Sullivanwastouchedbythesedetails.usedtogetahardtimefromtheadministratorsaboutmytattoosandmyhairandmypantsbeingrolledup,“shesays.€<ButIdidn'twanttobelikeanyoneelse...IhadnorolemodelswhenIwasgrowingup.This,Ithink,showskidsit'sokaytobedifferent.Itencouragesthemtobethemselves.”Therearefiveotherdollsintheprogram.OneismodeledonDr.AudreySueCruz,fromLasVegas,Nevada,whofightsracialprejudiceagainstAsian-Americanphysicians.AnotherisforDr.ChikaStacyOriuwa,fromCanada,whoisfightingracisminthehealthcaresystem.NextisSarahGilbert,aprofessorintheUnitedKingdomwhohelpeddevelopanewmedication.There'sadollforDr.JaquelineGoesdeJesus,aresearcherwholedworkaroundtheCOVID-19variantinBrazil.AndthereisDr.KirbyWhite,fromAustralia.Shedevelopedreusablepersonalprotectiveequipment,orPPE,fordoctors.Eachwomanwaspresentedwithherownone-of-a-kinddoll.Thehonoringdollsarenotforsale,butMattelannounceditwilldonate$5foreverydoctorornurseBarbiesoldatTargetCorporation.Mattellaunchedthecampaignlastyeartogivebacktocommunitiesinneed."Thisfall,admittedly,wethoughtwewouldbefurtheralonginthepandemic^LisaMcKnightsays.She'saseniorvicepresidentatMattelandtheglobalbrandmanagerforBarbie.44ButitisimportanttohonortheseamazingmedicalworkersacrosstheglobeaswecontinuetofaceadifficultWhichofthefollowingistrueofO'Sullivan?A.Shelovesdressingupasadoll.B.Shehadahardtimefinancially.C.SheseesgrowingupdifferentlyasOK.D.Shetriedtocoverupherhand-paintedtattoos.Whatdothefiveotherdollshaveincommon?Theyaremodeledonthemedicalworkersfromthesamecontinent.Theyaredesignedinsupportofdoctorsstrivingforracialequality.Theyaremanufacturedtohonorfrontlineworkerswithdoctordegrees.Theyarepresentedtofemaleswho'vecontributedtothemedicalfield.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.MattelisprobablythenameofafrontlinemedicalworkerChina'soutstandingdoctorsmayreceivedollsmodeledonthemyoucangetthehonoringdollsforfreeaslongasyoudonate$5communitiesinneedhavemadeagreatcontributiontothecampaignWhatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.TIME'SPersonoftheYearB.ThankYouEverydayHeroesC.BarbiedollsmakeacomebackD.MattelHonorsFrontlineWorkersPassage3ThepopulationofrareAtlanticpuffinsinMaine,US,tookahitthisyear,asthenumberofchickstosurviveatoughsummercollapsed.Thestate'scoastalbaysandtheGulfofMaineareamongthefastestwarminglargewaterbodiesontheplanet,makingthepuffins,fateatest-caseforhowclimatechangecoulddisruptmarineecosystemsworldwide.Thelittleclown-coloredbirdsfacedacomplexofchallenges:nestswerefloodedbysomeoftheheaviestrainsinahundredyears,exposingchickstocoldandpredators.Itwastoughforyoungpuffins,whowerebeingbroughtupincavesalongtheisland'sshores.Andtheirparentshadahardtimefindingherring（穌魚）andotherNorthAtlanticpreytheyusuallydivefor,whichscientiststhinkmayhaveswumtocoolerwaterstoodeeporfar-offforthebirds.Theadultpuffinsflewfartherthanusualtofindfood.Scientistssaythislimitedtheirtimetokeepbabypuffinswarmintheirnests.Theydidfindandbringtothenestsalotofbutterfish,b