高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題優(yōu)練5 七選五 說明文（解析版）

七選五說明文七選五說明文大題優(yōu)練5優(yōu)選例題優(yōu)選例題A【2020·全國I卷】AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantittoacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.1Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.●2Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.3Youwillmakemistakestimeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?“Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.4●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.5Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.ESetanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【答案】BFDCA【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了自我接納的一些方法，如不要和他人比較，原諒自己所犯的錯，認識自己的優(yōu)點等。1.根據(jù)空格處下一句及下文可知后面作者是提出了一些自我接納的方法，B項（從哪里開始呢？）符合語境，故選B。2.根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為小標(biāo)題，且根據(jù)空格處后文“Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.”可知，你的生活是你自己的，不要去和別人比較，故選F。3.根據(jù)空格處下句“Youwillmakemistakestimeandtimeagain.”（你會一次又一次地犯錯誤。）可知D項（記住，你只是人。）符合語境，故選D。4.空格處上一句列舉了一些小的成就，C項（任何小的成就都值得慶祝。）符合語境，故選C。5.根據(jù)空格處上文可知，列舉完了優(yōu)點，也要列舉缺點，在日記中寫下為什么覺得自己不夠好。A項（又一次感覺到失望嗎？）符合語境，故選A。B【2020·全國II卷】Emoji(表情符號)andWorkplaceCommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.6.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.7,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundincommunicationstylecanbeachallenge.8.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲線).Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.Thereisalsothematteroftone(語氣).Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?9.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevenaseriousnotecanbesoftenedwithanencouragingsmile.10,andemojicancontributedirectlytothatpositiveoutcome.Andwhenyouremployeesbeginaddingsmilingemojistotheirbusinesscommunication,you’llknowyouhavesucceededinimprovingyourworkculture.A.MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB.EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC.SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD.ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE.GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF.StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG.Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform【答案】DAGBF【解析】本文為說明文，主要講述表情符號在工作交流中的積極影響。6.考查細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)36空前的關(guān)鍵詞InAsia和platforms，以及空后的76percentofemployees和westerncountries，可知不僅是亞洲，在西方國家也很受歡迎，故D選項（這些平臺的受歡迎程度正在全球蔓延）符合。其中platforms詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。7.考查細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)37空前可知書面交流通常被認為冷漠和無趣，空后的“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication”是說鼓勵更好更頻繁的交流，可知選A。8.考查細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)38空前rangefromage22to70andbeyond和空后的youngergenerations，可知選G。9.考查過渡銜接句。根據(jù)39空前“誰沒有收到過毀掉了一整天的郵件呢？”，可知B選項（甚至一封正式的電子郵件也會顯得冷淡和不友好）符合。故選B。10.考查主旨概括句。根據(jù)上文闡述的內(nèi)容，40空是一個主題句?？崭窈缶湔f：表情符號可以直接促成這種積極的結(jié)果，空處也應(yīng)該是表情符號的積極影響，所用and連接。因此選項F（研究表明，更友好的溝通會使得工作場所更加讓人愉快）符合。故選F。模擬優(yōu)練模擬優(yōu)練A【山東省青島市2021屆高三下學(xué)期3月統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測英語試題】Shootingdownanice-coveredtrack,abobsledcangofasterthan80milesanhour.1Theanswerisacombinationofathleticsandscience.Atthestartofarace,thecrewspushtheirsled,buildingupspeedbeforetheyjumpinfortheride.Formonthsbeforetherace,thecrewmembershavebuiltupexplosivepowerintheirlegs.Thatmeansdoingalotofjumpsandsprints.Italsomeanspushingheavysleds!Thepushisthecrew’sonlychancetoaddspeed.2Thedesignofthesled’srunners(滑板)reducestheirfrictionwiththeice.3Theymaynotmeltenoughiceforafastride.Runnersthataretooroundedmaybecometoowarm,softeningtheiceandslowingthesleddown.4Therulesstatethatallrunnersmustbemadeofthesametypeofsteel,andcrewsmaypolishthemusingonlyapprovedmaterials.Beforeeachrace,officialscheckthetemperatureoftherunners.Runnersmaynotbemorethanafewdegreeswarmerthantheice.5Butrememberthesledmustnotbetoofast—thecrewstillneedstobeabletoreachthebottomsafely.A.Whydopeoplegoforthesport?B.Crewspolishtheirrunnersforafastride.C.Theriderssitinsideahardshell,calledcowling.D.Howdobobsledsgofasterthancarsonahighway?E.Ahotrunnerwillmeltmoreiceandmaypossiblygofaster.F.Runnersthataretooflatwouldspreadthefrictionoverawidearea.G.Allotherworkgoesintokeepingotherforcesfromslowingthebobsleddown.【答案】DGFBE【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雪橇滑雪這項運動的一些情況。1.根據(jù)上文“Shootingdownanice-coveredtrack,abobsledcangofasterthan80milesanhour.”（滑下冰雪覆蓋的賽道時，大雪橇的時速可以超過80英里。）以及后文“Theanswerisacombinationofathleticsandscience.”（答案是體育運動和科學(xué)相結(jié)合。）可知，上文提到大雪橇的時速，后文則提到答案，說明本句是一個關(guān)于大雪橇速度的疑問，后文則給出回答。故D選項（大雪橇在高速公路上如何比汽車跑得更快？）符合語境，故選D。2.上文提示：在比賽開始時，隊員們推著他們的雪橇，在他們跳下去之前加快速度。在比賽前的幾個月，隊員們在他們的腿上積累了爆發(fā)力。這意味著要做大量的跳躍和沖刺跑。它也意味著推沉重的雪橇！把雪橇往前推是隊員們增加速度的唯一機會。上文提到隊員要為推動沉重的雪橇在比賽前幾個月進行訓(xùn)練，本空為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明這一做法的原因。故G選項（所有其他的工作是為了防止其他力使雪橇減速。）符合語境，故選G。3.根據(jù)上文“Thedesignofthesled’srunners(滑板)reducestheirfrictionwiththeice.”（雪橇滑板的設(shè)計減少了與冰的摩擦。）以及后文“Theymaynotmeltenoughiceforafastride.Runnersthataretooroundedmaybecometoowarm,softeningtheiceandslowingthesleddown.”（它們可能無法融化足夠的冰來快速行駛?；《忍珗A的滑板可能會因變得太熱而軟化冰面，從而使得雪橇減速。）可知，本段主要是關(guān)于滑板的設(shè)計說明，且后文提到了弧度太圓的滑板的缺點，可推測本句與后文并列也是在列舉弧度不夠好的滑板，F(xiàn)選項中friction對應(yīng)上文中friction。故F選項（弧度過平的滑板會使滑板的更大面積產(chǎn)生摩擦力。）符合語境，故選F。4.根據(jù)后文“Therulesstatethatallrunnersmustbemadeofthesametypeofsteel,andcrewsmaypolishthemusingonlyapprovedmaterials.”（規(guī)則規(guī)定，所有的滑板必須由相同類型的鋼材制成，并且隊員只能使用經(jīng)過批準(zhǔn)的材料來打磨它們。）可知，本段主要說明的是滑板的打磨問題，B選項中polish對應(yīng)后文中polish。故B選項（為了快速滑行，隊員會擦亮他們的滑板。）符合語境，故選B。5.根據(jù)上文“Beforeeachrace,officialscheckthetemperatureoftherunners.Runnersmaynotbemorethanafewdegreeswarmerthantheice.”（每次比賽前，工作人員都會檢查滑板的溫度?；宓臏囟炔粫缺娓邘锥取＃┛芍?，上文提到滑板的溫度不會超過冰面，本空為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)就滑板的溫度問題展開說明。E選項中hot與上文warmer相對應(yīng)。故E選項（熱的滑板會融化更多的冰，可能會跑得更快。）符合語境，故選E。B【內(nèi)蒙古包頭市2021屆高三第一次模擬考試英語試題】LittleHabitsMakeaBigDifferenceEverythingaroundusischangingatamazingspeed,itseemsbutsomethingswillalwaysremainthesame.6Someofourdailyhabitshavethepowertoalwaysgiveushappinessandleadustowardsuccess.Herearesomelittlehabitsthatcanmakeabigdifference:7Manystudieshavelinkedearlyrisingwithsuccess.Anearlymorningwake-upcarriesbenefitsincludingbetterplanningandanticipation(預(yù)料)ofproblems,andmoretimetodothethingsthatmakeyouhappy.Happinesscomestothosewhoarecurious.8Aslongasyoulive,therewillalwaysbesomethingtolearn,andaslongasyoufollowyourheartandyourpassions,youwon’tmissoutonlearning.Believeinyourselfandallthatyourare.9Confidenceisthekeytosuccess—thethingthatletsyoulookatthepastwithoutregret,staygroundedinthepresent,andprepareforthefuturewithoutfear.Adaywellspentgetsyouagoodnightsleep.Enoughsleepmakesyoufeelhealthierandhappier,andit’smorethanliftingupyourmoodorremovingexhaustion.Adequatesleepisakeypartofyourhealthandinnerhappiness.10Itdoesn’ttakeahugeefforttomakeasignificantchangeinyourlife—usingoneortwotinyhabitsmaybeallyouneed.Getstartedtodayandyou’llsoonbeexperiencingtherewards.A.That’swhyhabitsaresopowerful.B.Thegroundworkofallhappinessisgoodhealth.C.Earlytorisemakesyouhealthy,wealthyandwise.D.Thehabitofrespectmeanstreatingeveryonewithkindness.E.Nothingwillevermakeyouhappierthanhavingfaithinyourself.F.Whenyourestbetter,youcanlivebetterandachievemorehappiness.G.Thereisnostageinlifewhenwecan’tbelearningsomethingvaluable.【答案】ACGEF【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養(yǎng)成幾個好習(xí)慣可以對人生有很有益的影響。6.根據(jù)上文可知，雖然我們周圍的一切變化的速度非常快，但是有些事情總是不變，這就是習(xí)慣的力量，故選A。7.根據(jù)下文可知，本段介紹的是早起的好處，早起經(jīng)常與成功聯(lián)系在一起，所以作為本段的標(biāo)題，這里也應(yīng)該說早起的好處，故選C。8.根據(jù)上下文可知，這一段講述的是人只要活著，總有要學(xué)習(xí)的東西。時常保持著好奇心，喜歡學(xué)習(xí)的人總會感到快樂。因此G選項（人生中的任何一個階段都能夠?qū)W到珍貴的東西。）符合題意，故選G。9.根據(jù)上下文可知，這一段講述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的關(guān)鍵，E選項中的havefaithinyourself正是此意，故選E。10.根據(jù)上文可知，本段講述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，會感到越快樂，故選F。C【江西省九校2021屆高三下學(xué)期一模聯(lián)考英語試題】HowtoBakeAbsolutelyAnythingIfyou’veneverbakedbefore,thisguidewillexplainthebasicfoundationsofbaking,offertipsforbakingspecificfoodgroups,andsuggestafewrecipestogetyoustartedbaking.11Readthewholerecipebeforeyoustart.We’veallgottenhalf-waythrougharecipeonlytofindwedon’thaveanybuttermilk.Plus,aquickreadcanhelpyouprepareforwhat’sahead,particularlyifthereareanytechniqueswithwhichyou’renotfamiliar.Usebutterattherighttemperature.12Itistherightconsistencyforcreamingwithsugar.Biscuitandpiepastryrecipescallforice-coldbutterinordertocreatetheflakiestlayers.Ifyourbutterisn’tthecorrecttemperature,yourbakeswon’tmixupthewaytheyshould.13Whenitcomestobaking,it’salwayspreferabletomeasureyouringredientsbyweightratherthanvolume.Thisensuresyougetexactlytherightproportions.Itmaynotbecriticalforsomethingsimplelikeapanofcake,butit’simportantwithpickybakeditems,suchasmacarons.Freezecookiedough.Weknowhowtemptingitistogetyourcookiesintheoventhesecondyou’redonemixingupyourdough.14Anditpreventscookiesfromspreadingtoomuch.Donotskipthisstep!Coolcakescompletelybeforefrosting.Alwaysletyourcakes,cupcakes,andcookiescoolcompletelybeforefrostingthem.Iftheyaretoowarm,thefrostingwillsliderightoffthetopofyourcakeormeltanddipin.15Ifyoudon’thaveone,takethecoveroffyourironingboardandusetheboardasacoolingshelf.A.Usetherightbutter.B.Weighallyouringredients.C.Iftheyar