寧溪水利樞紐土石壩畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)含開(kāi)題報(bào)告、計(jì)算書(shū)2

設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書(shū)一設(shè)計(jì)基本資料表一設(shè)計(jì)、校核洪水過(guò)程線表時(shí)段（天）011.062345流量（％）10891005732.51912設(shè)計(jì)洪水流量（m3/s）4053604.540502308.51316.25769.5486校核洪水流量（m3/s）7907031790040532567.541501948二調(diào)洪演算1通過(guò)改變堰頂高程或溢流堰前緣寬度做不同的調(diào)洪方案3個(gè)，如下：方案一：根據(jù)給出的壩址地質(zhì)條件，選擇泄洪單寬流量q＝40m3/s·m。按允許最大下泄設(shè)計(jì)流量Qmax1%=2800m3/s,初步確定溢洪道溢流堰前緣寬度B0＝Qmax1%/q＝2800/40＝70m。確定堰頂高程H1＝337m。起調(diào)水位為H0=345m，水位H＝337m時(shí)水庫(kù)庫(kù)容V337＝348×106m3。參考教材《河流水文學(xué)》中有關(guān)調(diào)洪演算的內(nèi)容，采用列表試算法進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算，取計(jì)算時(shí)段⊿t=6小時(shí)＝21600秒。參考工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定溢流堰布置形式為：中墩4個(gè)，寬度1.5米；邊墩2個(gè)，寬兩米；閘孔五個(gè)，每個(gè)凈寬12米，最大開(kāi)度8米。由此可由《水力學(xué)手冊(cè)》查得堰流流量系數(shù)mc=［mm×(n-1)+ms］／n=［0.375×(5-1)+0.365］／5=0.372；閘孔出流時(shí)流量系數(shù)μ0＝0.6-0.18e/H。堰流流量Q＝mcB［2g］，閘孔出流時(shí)流量Q＝μ01/2初設(shè)泄洪洞進(jìn)口段底部高程約335米，出口段高程約320米，泄洪洞中閘門(mén)尺寸初定為12米×8米，由《水力學(xué)手冊(cè)》查得其泄流能力Q＝μBh［2g(H-εh-335)］1/2=0.904×10×4.5×［2g(H-0.915×4.5-335)］1/2=180.1(H-339.12)1/2.在泄洪過(guò)程中水輪機(jī)引用流量q=30m3/s×3=90m3/s與總下泄量相比很小，可忽略，調(diào)洪演算時(shí)未考慮其影響，僅作為安全儲(chǔ)備。根據(jù)以上定出的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算，可得出設(shè)計(jì)、校核兩種工況下的洪水下泄過(guò)程，這種情況下設(shè)計(jì)洪水位346.14m，最大下泄流量2730.08m3/s；校核洪水位349.1m，最大下泄流量4722.0m3/s。方案二：泄洪單寬流量q＝44m3/s·m。溢洪道溢流堰前緣寬度B0＝Qmax1%/q＝2800/44＝64m，邊墩2米×2，中墩1米×4，閘孔11.2米×5，堰流流量系數(shù)mc=［mm×(n-1)+ms］／n=［0.376×(5-1)+0.367］／5=0.372，堰流流量Q＝mcB［2g］其它數(shù)據(jù)同方案一，可得出設(shè)計(jì)、校核兩種工況下的洪水下泄過(guò)程，這種情況下設(shè)計(jì)洪水位348.2m，最大下泄流量2800m3/s；校核洪水位349.46m，最大下泄流量4519.85m3/s。方案三：確定堰頂高程H1＝337.5m，其它同方案二，可得出設(shè)計(jì)、校核兩種工況下的洪水下泄過(guò)程，這種情況下設(shè)計(jì)洪水位346.12m，最大下泄流量2715.43m3/s；校核洪水位349.91m，最大下泄流量4505.43m3/s。2方案選擇經(jīng)分析比較，以上三個(gè)方案均有效，但方案二為最優(yōu)方案。因方案二中設(shè)計(jì)工況下閘門(mén)削減洪峰的能力得以充分發(fā)揮，而另兩個(gè)方案下閘門(mén)的這種能力未能有效發(fā)揮。則由方案二可確定出設(shè)計(jì)、校核洪水位分別為348.2m、349.46m。三壩高的確定根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)洪水位、校核洪水位分別確定壩高：由設(shè)計(jì)洪水位確定壩高壩頂超高d=R+e+Aa波浪在壩上爬高R＝K⊿KW（h1L1)1/2/(1+m2)1/2，參考《水工建筑物》教材中相關(guān)內(nèi)容，代入各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)可得出R＝3.59米，其中計(jì)算得設(shè)計(jì)波高h(yuǎn)1＝1.04米。b壩前水位壅高e＝KV2Dcosα/2gH,計(jì)算得e＝0.027。c壩的級(jí)別為2級(jí)，選擇安全加高A＝1.0米。則壩頂超高d＝R+e+A＝3.59+0.027+1.0＝4.617米。由此確定壩頂高程H＝348.2+d＝352.82米。由校核洪水位確定壩高計(jì)算得設(shè)計(jì)波高h(yuǎn)1＝0.67米，波浪在壩上爬高R＝K⊿KW（h1L1)1/2/(1+m2)1/2＝2.3米，壩前水位壅高e＝KV2Dcosα/2gH＝0.011米，安全加高A＝0.7米。則壩頂超高d＝R+e+A＝2.3+0.011+0.7＝3.011米。壩頂高程H＝349.46+d＝352.47米。由以上兩種情況比較可得壩頂高程H＝352.82，考慮0.3％的壩體沉降量⊿H=0.14米，H+⊿H＝352.96米，則最終確定壩頂高程為H＝353米。四滲流計(jì)算根據(jù)最大壩剖面圖，參考已有工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)，確定壩體各部分的材料及滲透系數(shù)，如下：滲流計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖壩體材料性質(zhì)表：位置壩殼料地基排水體心墻編號(hào)①②③④組成材料堆石，砂壤土與山皮土混合料砂質(zhì)砂巖堆石粘土與砂壤土混合料滲透系數(shù)（m/d）0.030.00864500.000000.00351設(shè)計(jì)洪水情況上游水位高:44.2m下游水位高:11m滲流量=0.00455m3/天浸潤(rùn)線示意圖如下：其中紅色線為浸潤(rùn)現(xiàn)，彩色線為等勢(shì)線。坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)為壩址與地基交點(diǎn)，浸潤(rùn)線上各點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)如下：X(m)Y(m)113.50044.200114.53343.595115.40643.361116.28143.118117.23242.920117.48442.865117.67642.830118.53942.667119.27542.524119.54742.477120.70942.279120.97242.240122.99441.940123.11441.925123.31841.899124.44841.757125.29341.666126.08241.591127.11641.514127.63641.491128.62941.445129.09541.263130.17740.989131.21040.600131.48440.393131.94739.376132.70338.890133.03338.284133.16237.162133.24036.668133.32736.436133.38234.989133.44834.746133.55933.222133.79032.348133.98331.632134.53830.177134.59029.993134.61929.944135.50528.211135.56428.092135.57128.081136.57526.557137.10025.901137.25625.689137.60325.284137.90025.217139.84924.811139.85524.810140.91824.588141.82224.406142.03324.360142.76824.212143.80824.002144.03223.957144.22723.921144.72823.822145.93723.581146.79723.412147.64323.249148.48923.085149.05022.976149.72822.844150.57122.681151.68222.465151.89722.423151.96022.411152.61422.283154.05422.002154.18221.978154.28021.959155.10321.797155.74021.672156.67021.486157.20321.380158.23221.172158.86721.044159.70220.872160.56320.696162.23720.345162.60920.267162.85320.215164.70219.819165.46219.653166.22319.486167.00319.313167.57519.186168.36019.007168.79118.910169.85118.667170.23718.578171.14218.364171.99218.166172.39118.070173.81417.728174.55517.547176.04317.178176.22217.134176.51517.059177.66016.771177.97616.691178.62516.523179.58616.276180.84315.947181.13015.872181.23615.844181.48815.777182.75115.444184.08815.086184.41215.000184.60714.949185.36814.745186.20414.521187.69814.124187.79714.098187.99314.046188.99613.782189.51713.651190.40813.420191.19313.229191.68013.106192.95712.806192.96712.804194.05012.561194.72612.416195.45512.263196.42912.077196.97311.975197.69411.858198.40311.738199.54511.569199.92511.518201.06011.378201.36911.342201.70111.312202.93511.187203.95511.112204.25111.091204.57811.074205.35011.027206.00111.0012校核洪水情況上游水位高:45.46m下游水位高:13.5m滲流量=0.00437m3/天坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)為壩址與地基交點(diǎn)，浸潤(rùn)線示意圖如下：其中紅色線為浸潤(rùn)現(xiàn)，彩色線為等勢(shì)線。浸潤(rùn)線上各點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)如下：X(m)Y(m)116.65045.460117.23145.006117.78544.837118.96544.519119.49344.400120.44444.184121.94443.911121.96043.908121.97143.906122.21543.866123.56743.646123.64843.632123.78643.614125.53043.377126.12243.311127.42743.189127.96743.148128.35343.130128.96043.100129.94542.615130.50242.442130.81042.251131.63041.429131.91341.025132.12840.438132.45439.676132.39338.933132.61937.894132.62037.790132.65136.776132.79936.184133.09435.076133.30434.477133.71133.189133.98032.561134.47031.532134.71831.084135.16130.256135.40829.916136.08628.913136.36328.563136.89827.905137.13827.611137.64427.506138.92427.229140.22326.953140.43126.910140.51426.894141.72426.639142.71726.440143.19326.339144.38826.099144.64926.047144.84726.008145.88825.802146.32525.713147.57825.468148.15425.356148.50425.289149.64325.066150.63824.874151.02224.799152.30324.551152.39824.532152.51824.509154.51324.122155.10924.005156.25823.780157.08723.618158.70023.298158.70823.297159.97323.044159.98623.041161.23622.790162.22422.587163.27722.372164.50122.118164.74822.066165.47721.913166.30821.738166.57721.681168.02821.371168.66621.233169.82220.979170.01820.936170.21120.893171.12020.692171.50620.605172.26720.435172.99020.271173.80220.088174.72419.875174.78619.861174.82519.852175.20219.765176.10119.557176.26219.519177.90219.135178.79418.923179.53018.748180.26518.573181.26918.331181.85618.191182.49118.039183.34817.832183.92517.691185.30017.362185.66317.273186.79917.003186.95216.966188.38816.628188.59316.579190.01216.252190.10416.230190.29316.188191.96915.813193.03315.591194.27115.330194.57415.271195.46515.094196.52414.902196.59014.890198.60714.548198.73314.528198.84214.511199.41514.430201.31414.154201.83414.091202.57613.999203.93013.861204.22113.831205.79813.703206.34613.657206.45913.649206.53013.646207.84113.566208.10513.557