閱讀還原技巧點撥

閱讀復原技巧點撥一、題型特色在近兩年各省中考試題閱讀理解中，出現(xiàn)了這樣一種題型—閱讀復原。閱讀復原類題目常有的形式：在一段200–300詞的短文中留出四、五個空白，要求考生從所給的五個或六個選項中選出正確答案，補全短文，使短文意思通暢、前后連接。這種題目中空白處需填的選項常常是表示過渡、總結或轉折性的句子，段首段尾一般不留空，而且做錯一題很可能致使通盤皆輸。二、查核內容縱觀各選項與文中空白，本題型主要考察：1、細節(jié)與細節(jié)的關系：一般空白出此刻文章中間，主要考文中句子與句子之間的關系。2、主題與細節(jié)的關系：答案線索一般就在挖空的那一段中找尋。3、大主題與小主題的關系：一般需要通讀全文找尋答案，第一一定明確文章粗心。三、技巧點撥解答閱讀復原題的要點在于理解文章粗心，理清邏輯關系，研究選項內容。即“讀懂文章、讀懂邏輯、讀懂選項”。1、讀懂文章。假如是記述文，在通讀全文后應認識故事的主人公、主要情節(jié)以及故事的發(fā)展過程；假如是說明文，就要弄清楚文章的說明對象、說明次序；談論文則要明確作者的論點及怎樣論證論點。2、讀懂邏輯。明確文章的大概內容后，第一要理清文章的邏輯關系。比如：記述文往常以時間的發(fā)展為線索，說明文常常以“總—分—總”或“并列式”的構造來說明問題，而談論文常以“總—分”或“分—總”的形式出現(xiàn)。作者把某句放在它所在的地點必定是有道理的，往常是不可以任意改正的；其次要弄清各段之間是怎樣過渡、怎樣照顧的，又是怎樣形成一個有機整體的。文章中的開端句、過渡句、結尾句以及各段的要旨句尤其重要，它們即“路標句”。找到了路標，題目做起來就會簡單好多。3、讀懂選項。有的同學會疑惑，看似紛亂的選項該怎樣讀懂？其實迅速解決這種題目的訣要就在于讀懂選項。選項中往常會出現(xiàn)兩種句子，一種是支撐文章的細節(jié)句，一種是歸納文章的主題句。細節(jié)句使文章更為豐富，使故事情節(jié)更流利；主題句讓讀者迅速認識要旨，協(xié)助讀者閱讀，通常與文章的細節(jié)無直接聯(lián)系。所以，在閱讀完選項后，考生應當在心中大概分類，哪一句是細節(jié)句，哪一句是主題句。這樣，對它們的大概地點也能夠做到成竹在胸了。做好分類工作后，我們要細讀選項，找出各句的要點詞（經常是表示指代性的詞），而后確立它們在文中的指代。這些要點詞將成為路標，與上下文一一對應。如：(2012廣西桂林)EarthHourstartedinSydneyonMarch31,2007.Itcallsonfamiliesandbuildingstoturnoffthelightsfrom20:30to21:30onthelastSaturdaynightofMarch.66Ayearlater,onMarch29,EarthHour2008becameaglobalactivityandwassupportedby50millionpeoplefromthirty-fivecountries.OnMarch28,2010over2100citiesinanothereightcountriestookpartinit.67In2012inChina,thereweremanycitiestakingpartinthisactivity,especiallysomelargecities,suchasBeijing,Shanghai...Manycitizensconsciously(存心識地)turnedofflightsinthehour.68Incollegessomestudentsheldsomeactivitiestomakeallthestudentsleavetheirdormitories.Inwas20:30,Beijingtime.69InShanghaisomepeopleweretakingawalkwiththeirfamiliesorfriends.AndinNingbosomeyoungpeoplewereholdingapartyinapark,singinganddancing.70EarthHourhasavarietyofactivities,butthefinalgoalisthesame,thatisfocusingon(聚焦)climatechangeandprotectingtheenvironmentforindividuals.請依據以上內容，從以下五個選項中選擇適合的句子復原到短文中，使短文完好與正確。將其標號在答題卡上涂黑。（每題2分，共10分）A.Thepeoplefromthethreecitiesfeltveryrelaxed.B.In2007morethan2.2millionhomesandbusinessesturnedofftheirlights.C.Andwithoutlights,theycouldalsoenjoythemselves.D.SomepeopleinBeijingwerehavinganicetalkwiththeirfriends.E.EarthHourcametoChinaonthatday,too.【分析】1、讀懂文章。本文是一篇說明文，簡單介紹了“地球一小時”的出生及發(fā)展，要點提到中國的一些大城市，如北京、上海、寧波等，對此活動作出的踴躍響應。2、讀懂邏輯。認識文章粗心后，縱觀全文可知，本文是依據“總—分—總”的構造來說明“地球一小時”這個活動的。第一段綜述“地球一小時”這一活動的出生以及隨后的發(fā)展。從時間次序上可知，66空應當選B；67空應當選E，作為一個過渡句，它起到承前啟后的作用；第二、三段分述中國各地參加此活動的狀況以及在熄燈后采納的各樣休閑方式，故可推知68空需填C，由于上文提到熄燈這一措施；69空選D，上文提到北京，接下來就講到北京熄燈后代們的活動，聯(lián)系下文上海熄燈后代們的活動也可判斷出答案；70空選A，作為對此段的總結。3、讀懂選項。先看5個空的地點，67和70兩個空在段末，66、68、69三個空在段落中間。認真閱讀5個選項后，發(fā)現(xiàn)A句為歸納性的主題句，E為承前啟后的過渡句，而B、C、D三個句子是細節(jié)句，是對文章內容的說明和增補?！敬鸢福築—E—C—D—A】如：（2012吉林）ImetRose,mynewclassmateonthefirstdayofcollege.Tomysurprise,shewasalready87yearsold.‘‘Whyareyouincollegeatsuchayoungage?”Ijoked.‘‘I’mheretomeetagetmarried,havetwochildren,andthenretireandtravel,”sheanswered.(81)______Likeyoungstudents,Rosewasoutgoing,kindandhelpful.(82)______Soon,shebecameasuperstarinourcollege.Attheendoftheterm,Rosewasinvitedtogiveusaspeech.Iwillneverforgetwhatshesaidtous,‘‘Thereareonlyfoursecretstostayingyoungandachievingsuccess.”‘‘First,youhavetolaughandfindhumor幽(默感)everyday.Then,youneedtohaveadream.(83)______Next,findanychancetochangeyourself.Finally,peopleshouldn遺’thaveregrets憾)forthingstheydidn’tdo.”______Over2,000studentswenttoherfuneral(葬禮)toexpresstheirlovetothewonderfulwoman.Thegreatwomandidn’tliveinthisworldanylonger,butshegaveusanunforgettablelessoninlife.Thatis–(85)______Don’tyouthinkso?從方框內選擇適合的句子補全短文，使短文意思通暢，構造完好。A.Whenyouloseyourdream,youdie.B.Shealwayshadfriendsaroundher.C.Nevertoooldtolearn.D.Oneweekaftershefinishedhercollege,shediedinhersleeppeacefully.E.Bothofuslaughed,becauseweknewwhatshesaidwasn’ttrue.【分析】第一步：通讀全文，認識故事的情節(jié)及發(fā)展。本文是一篇記述文，敘述了我的大學新同學87歲的老太太Rose，樂觀、和善、風趣的性格讓她很受同學們歡迎。她的演講告訴大家保持年青，獲得成功的四大訣要：笑對每天；擁有夢想；改變自己；不留遺憾。她給我們留下了可貴的精神財產：活到老學到老。第二步：讀選項，將選項分類，先易后難。主題句：C選項。細節(jié)句：A、B、D、E選項。分類后，很簡單確立C項是放在第85空。它總結全文，是對主人公的生活理念的解說，也是這篇文章的升華總結。第三步：找出各句要點詞，對應原文確立選項。A.Whenyouloseyourdream,youdie.B.Shealwayshadfriendsaroundher.D.Oneweekaftershefinishedhercollege,shediedinhersleeppeacefully.E.Bothofuslaughed,becauseweknewwhatshesaidwasn’ttrue.劃出要點詞后，再把它們放到文章中看一看，對應上下文，很簡單就能找到答案，由于文章有顯然提示：81題，由老太太的話，87歲要成婚生孩子能夠判斷選E。82題，依據本段第一句的outgoing,kind,helpful和下句的superstar可知她有好多朋友，應選B。83題，由上句youneedhaveadream可推出此項選A。84題，依據下句的葬禮一詞很簡單推測出老人過世，應選D。第四步:復讀文章，認真檢查。達成后將選項所有放入文章的空白處，再次檢查邏輯性與連接性,確認無誤?！敬鸢福篍—B—A—D—C】閱讀復原模擬訓練Passage1Doyouhavetheproblemof“inoneearandouttheother”?Can’tholdanythinginyourmemory?Herearesometipsonhowtodealwiththeproblem.Takeexercise.Whenyouexercise,yourbodytakesinmoreoxygen(氧氣)..Oxygenmakesyourbrainactive.___1______2___Tellyourselfthatyouwanttolearnwhatyouneedtoremember.Ifabouthowbadyourmemoryis,yourbrainwillnotbeactive.Thinkpositive!Trytobemorerelaxed.

youkeepthinking___3___Ifyouwantyourmemorytoimprove,trytobemorecheerful.Goodsleepinghabitsareimportant.___4___Ifyoudon’thaveenoughsleep,youwillbetiredandunabletoconcentrateduringtheday.___5___Trytotakemorevitamins(維生素),likeBvitamins,especiallyB6,B12,andfolicacid(葉酸).Theyprotectneurons(神經細胞)andmakeredbloodcells(細胞)withoxygen.Thesenutrientsareinspinach(菠菜)andotherdarkleafygreens,broccoli,strawberries,melons,blackbeansandsoybeans(大豆).A.Sleephelpsyourmemory.B.Somefoodscanalsohelp.C.Beactiveandhaveapositiveattitude.D.Itmakesbrainchemicalsmoreactiveandhelpsprotectbraincells.E.Scientistshavefoundthatstressmakesitdifficultforpeopletoconcentrate.Passage2Itisoftensaidthatlearninganewlanguagecanopenupanotherworld.___1___Englishisthemostwidelyspokenforeignlanguageintheworld.___2___ArecentsurveyfoundthatBritonsaretheworstlanguagelearnersinEurope.Itfoundthatjustone-thirdofthoseaskedwereabletospeakasecondlanguage.___3___Childrenspendanhouraweeklearningthelanguage.SomeschoolsgoonadaytriptoFrancetopracticespeaking.Whenchildrenreachhighschool,theycontinuetheirFrenchstudies.TheyarealsogiventhechancetolearnGerman(德語).Incertainschools,childrenalsolearnLatin.Thislanguageisnolongerspoken,butmanyEnglishwordsandstructures(構造)comefromit.___4___MostchildreninBritaindonotenjoylearninglanguages.___5___Also,becausesomanyspeakEnglish,manyBritishchildrenthinktheydon’t煩need惱)learningtobothera(secondlanguage.A.That’swhyBritishpeoplearelazywhenitcomestolearningnewlanguages.B.InBritain,childrenbeginlearningtospeakFrenchinjuniorschool.C.Youareabletotalkwithnewpeople,exploreanewcultureandunderstandanewwayoflife.D.SowecansaythathavingagoodknowledgeofLatinhelpsimproveone’sEnglish.E.Theythinktheyaremoredifficultandlessfunthanothersubjects.Passage3WC,toilet,lavatory,bathroom,restroom,john–Englishhasmanywordsforthelittleroomweallhavetogotoeveryday.___1___IntheUS,youwillgetwhereyouneedtogoifyouaskwheretheshoppingmall,youshouldaskdirectionstothe“restroomthe19thcenturyBritishmanwhoinventedtheflushtoilet(沖水馬桶).

“bathroom”is.Ifyou”.___2___ItcomesfromthenameofInBritainthemostcommonlyusedwordsare“toilet”and__“bathroom”.___3_Apublictoiletisa“publicconvenience”You.oftenusedtoseethewords“Ladiesand”“Gentlemen”abovetheentriestopublictoilets,but“Men”and“Women”aremorecommonAustralianssay“l(fā)oo”It.isalsoquitepopularintheUK.Canadiansusetheword“can”New.Zealanders“bog”,andSouthAfricans“want(to)gotothebathroom”.___4___Well,it’sfromtheFrenchto“washtoiletteyourself”.–PeoplefromEnglish-speakingcountriesalsousesomewitty(智慧的)words.Forexample,“throne王”座()todescribethetoiletand“throneroom”forthebathroom.A.“WC”,whichstandsfor“watercloset”,and“l(fā)avatory”,arealsoused.B.Herearesomeofthewordsthatareusedindifferentcountries.CAmericansalsousetheword“john”.D.Toiletisconsideredtobeamorecommonexpression.E.Wheredoesthewordtoiletitselfcomefrom?Passage4Weeatpastasalmosteveryday,especiallyatlunch.Italian“noodles”aredifferentfromChinenoodles.Italianscookfoodsodeliciouslythatyoueatthe’platellwant.Iliketosaucesmadewithtomatoandbacon.___1___Italianpeoplemakepastasthatlooklikeshells,bows,ribbons,flowersandmanyothershapestoholdsaucesbetter.___2___Itcanbered,greenorblack,withvegetables,spices,eggsorman-madecolouringinit.Sauceisimportantinservingpasta.___3___Peopleusenotonlyporkorvegetables,asyoudowithChinesenoodles,butalsocream(奶油),olives(橄欖)andseafood!Itissaidthattherearemorethan500kindsofItalianpasta.___4___YoucookChinesenoodlesandItalianpastasimilarly(相像地),exceptthatyouletthewatergobeforemixingthepastawithsauce.Ifyou’renotsurewhetherpastaisdone,justthrowapieceatthewall.Ifitsticks粘(住),it’stimetoprepareplates!A.Butifyouadddifferentsauces,thenumbercouldbemorethan1,000.B.Italianpastacomesinalargenumberofforms,notjustlongstrands(

細條

).C.DeliciouspastahasmadeItaliankidsthefattestinEurope.D.Somesayit’sthesaucethatmakesnItpastaliaspecial.E.Pastaalsocomesindifferentcolors.Passage5Breadiscertainlytheoldeststaplefoodinmanypartsoftheworld.MainlyitPeoplegrindup(磨碎)wheattomakeflour.Thentheyaddwatertotheflourtomakedough(