2022屆高考英語之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（五）

PAGEPAGE132022高考英語之說明文基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（五）(A)Weareoftenattractedbyfancygadgetsorinterestingnewhobbies,andquicklybecomeaddictedtothem.Buthowlongcanthatpassioncontinue?YuShibobecameinterestedinaerialfilmingwhenhefirstsawhowadrone（無人機(jī)）wasoperatedduringaschooleventin2016.Althoughlearningaerialfilmingwasharderthanhethought,henevergaveup.Thisyear,the17-year-old,fromQingdaoMenaulSchool,Shandong,postedavideoonhisWeChatChannel,whichreceivedafewhundredlikes.Thefour-minutevideoshowstheboy'shometown-Qingdaowithadrone:snowymountaintops,skyscrapersinthecloudsandthesunsetovertheocean.Yutriedtoshowthebeautyandromanceofhishometown.Thefinalvideotookhimmorethantwoyearsuntilhefeltsatisfiedwithit.“Manyplacesinthevideowereshotmanytimesbecauseanunforgettablesceneneedstimingandenoughluck,"Yusaid.Mostofthetime,theweatherdidn'tcontributetogettingaperfectview.Aerialfilminglooksbetterwithfog,sunrisesandsunsets.Tocatchtheperfecttime,Yugotusedtogettingupveryearlyorstayinguplate.Yurecalledthedaysheclimbedthemountaininsnowandfellseveraltimes.Whenhefilmedduringwinter,hedidn'tweargloves-whichnearlyfrozehisfingers-inordertopreciselycontrolthedrone."ButallthehardshipsarepaidbackwhenIgetastonishingpictures.Nopain,nogain.”Someviewerscommentedthathisshootingisprofessionalandskillful.Butinfact,Yulearnedhowtooperatethedroneandshootallbyhimself."Therearealotofmaterialsaccessibleforabeginner,butthekeypointistoactandkeeppracticing,thenyouwillhavemoresenseabouttheshooting,"saidYu.1.WhatinspiredYutodevelopaninterestinaerialfilming?A.Hisdesiretodevelopanewhobby.B.People'spositiveresponsetohisvideo.C.Thesightofadroneduringaschoolevent.D.HiswishtosharewithpeoplethebeautyofQingdao.2.WhydidYuhavetogetupveryearlyorstayuplate?A.Toeditvideoclips.B.Toavoidthecrowds.C.Togeteye-catchingpictures.D.Topracticeaerialfilming.3.WhatwouldYuthinkisimportanttotellbeginnerswhowanttotakegoodpictures?A.Bereadytoaskquestions.B.Trytopracticeasmuchaspossible.C.Improveyourteamworkskills.D.Makegooduseofallmaterialsavailable.4.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesYu?A.Determined.B.Helpful.C.Humorous.D.Responsible.(B)Theswift(雨燕)isacommonbirdthatlivesallacrossEuropeandmuchofAsia,buttheirfighttimeisfarfromcommon.Thismedium-sizedbirdnowholdstherecordforthemosttimespentintheairperyear,withdata(數(shù)據(jù))showingthatsomeofthemcanspendupto10monthsoutof12withoutlandingevenonce.Theydrinkandeatintheair,feedingonanyinsectsthattheycancatchinflight,andtheycanevensleepintheairaswell.Theoriesaboutbirdsbeingabletospendmostoftheirlivesintheaircandatebacktothe1950s.butitwasactuallyastudypublishedin2016thatshowedthecommonswifts'amazingabilitytolyalmostnon-stop.Atthattimeitwasalreadyknownthatsomelargerbirdslikefrigatebirds(軍艦鳥)couldstayintheairformonths.Butresearchersbelievedthatcommonswiftsdidthesame.AteamofresearchersatLundUniversity'sDepartmentofBiologydevelopedanewtypeofmicro-datarecorder(微型數(shù)據(jù)記錄器)totrackthebirds'movements,andfittedtherecordersto19commonswifts.Withoutgoingintotoomuchdetailabouttheresultsofthestudy,thefindingsshowedthatcommonswiftsspentover9%oftheirtimeduringthe10monthnonbreedingperiod(非繁殖期)intheair.Swiftsareborntofly.Theirbodiesaresuitableforthealmostnon-stopflight一theirwingsarelongandnarrow,theirlegsareshortandlight,andtheyhaveanalmostperfectshape.Swiftsgenerallyhaveahighersurvivalratecomparedtomostbirds,andtheirloveofflightisbelievedtohaveadirectinfluenceonthat.Beingintheairforalongtimemeanstheydon'thavetoworryaboutmostdangeroushunters.Sothenexttimeyouseeacommonswiftflyingintheskyandaskyourselfwhenitmightcomedownforarest,you'llknowthatit'sprobablygoingtobequiteawhile.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutswiftsandfrigatebirds?A,Theyareactuallyfromthesamefamily,B.Theywereobservedinthesamestudyin2016.C.Theycanlivetogetherintheairformoths.D.Theybothhaveamazingabilitytofly.2.ThestudybyLundUniversity'sDepartmentofBiologysuggestedthat_______.A.swiftsflyalmostallthetimeexceptthebreedingperiodB.over99%ofswiftsspendmorethantenmonthsflyingperyearC.veryfewofswiftscancatchenoughinsectstoeatinflightD.swifts'movementshavenofixeddirections3.Whatcontributestoswifts'holdingtherecord?A.Theirrichfoodsupply.B.Theirperfectphysicalshape.C.Theircontinuouspractice.D.Theirmedium-sizedbody4.Whycanswiftsenjoyahighersurvivalratethanmanyotherbirds?A.Theyflyhigherthanotherbirds.B.Theycansensethedangerintheairwell.C.Theirbodiesgetmuchstrongerduringcontinuousfight.D.Theiralmostnon-stopflightkeepsthemfrommosthunters(C)Aftertravelingmorethansevenmonthsinspace,Tianwen1isonestepclosertoMars!Tianwen1,China'sfirstMarsprobe（探測器），successfullyenteredMarsorbitinFebruary,accordingtotheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration（CNSA）.Itwillstayinorbitforaboutthreemonthsbeforelandingontheredplanet.Asmallstepontheredplanetwillbeabigstepforhumanbeings.Humanshavelaunched46MarsexplorationmissionssinceOctober1960,butonly19ofthemhavebeensuccessful,accordingtoChinaDaily.It'sChina'sfirstspacecrafttoMars,andthemissionsareratherambitious.Tianwen1aimstoachieve“orbiting,landing,androving（環(huán)繞，著陸，巡視）"allinonejourney,whichwillmakethecountrytheworld'sfirsttoaccomplishallthreegoalswithoneprobe,missionscientistssaid.Amongthethreetasks,touchdownontheredplanetisthemostdifficult.Theresultmainlydependsonthe"breathtakingsevenminutes,"whichwilldeploymultiplecutting-edgetechnologiesandaccuratetimingofeachaction,includingtheburningofenginesandopeningofparachutes（降落傘）toensureasafelanding,accordingtotheGlobalTimes.TheprevioussuccessofChang'e5hasaccumulatedexperienceinthisregardwhich“boostsourconfidence"，WangYa'nan,chiefeditorofBeijing-basedAerospaceKnowledgemagazine,toldtheGlobalTimes.TianwenVsultimategoalistolandaroveronMarsinMayorJune,anditwillconductscientificinvestigationsonMars'soil,geological（地質(zhì)學(xué)的）structure,environment,atmosphereandwater,accordingtoChinaDaily.FebruarywasMarsmonth.NASA'sPerseveranceRoverlandedonMarsonFeb19,andChina'sTianwen1andUnitedArabEmirates'（UAE）Hopehavearrivedwithinorbitoftheredplanet.AlthoughtheystartedtheirMarsjourneysatalmostthesametime,theirmissionsvary."Whenwestepintothefarplanetsofthesolarsystem,themagnitude（量級）oftheresourcesandtimelinerequiredwilltakeaglobalcommitment,"USCongressmanFrankLucassaid,highlightingtheimportanceofinternationalcooperationinspace.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutTianwen1?A.It'stheworld'sfirstprobetoentertheorbitaroundMars.B.Itwillspend10monthspreparingforitslanding.C.ItisexpectedtolandonMarsinMayorJune.D.It'soneofthe46successfulMarsexplorationmissions.2.WhatdoesTianwen1aimtoachievetosetarecordinMarsexploration?A.Landingaroverontheredplanet. B.StayinginorbitaroundMarsformonths.C.BringingbacksamplesfromMars. D.Orbiting,landingandrovingwithoneprobe.3.What5sthebiggestchallengefacingTianwen1?A.Lackofadvancedtechnologies. B. Achievingasafelanding.C.Completingtasksquickly. D. Insufficientlandingexperience.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromFrankLucas'words?A.Therearerisksinexploringotherplanets.B.Spaceexplorationcallsforglobalcooperation.C.Tianwen1willreachotherplanetsbesidesMars.D.Exploringspacetakesconsiderabletimeandresources.(D)Self-drivingcarsarejustaroundthecorner.Suchvehicleswillmakegettingfromoneplacetoanothersaferandlessstressful.Theyalsocouldcutdownontraffic,reducepollutionandlimitaccidents.Buthowshoulddriverlesscarshandleemergencies?Peopledisagreeontheanswer.Andthatmightputthebrakesonthistechnology,anewstudyconcludes. Tounderstandthechallenge,imagineacarthatsuddenlymeetssomepedestriansintheroad.Evenwithbraking,it’stoolatetoavoidacrash.Sothecar’sartificialintelligencemustdecidewhethertoswerve(急轉(zhuǎn)彎).Tosavethepedestrians,shouldthecarswerveofftheroadorswerveintooncomingtraffic?Whatifsuchoptionswouldlikelykillthecar’spassengers? Researchersusedonlinesurveystostudypeople’sattitudesaboutsuchsituationswithdriverlesscars.Surveyparticipantsmostlyagreedthatdriverlesscarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectthemostpeople.Thatincludedswervingintowalls(orotherwisesacrificingtheirpassengers)tosavealargernumberofpedestrians.Butthereisadilemma(困境).Thosesamesurveyedpeoplewanttorideincarsthatprotectpassengersatallcosts—evenifthepedestrianswouldnowendupdying.JeanBonnefonisapsychologistattheToulouseSchoolofEconomicsinFrance.HeandhiscolleaguesreportedtheirfindingsinScience. “Autonomouscarscancompletelychangetransportation”,saysstudycoauthorIyadRahwan.But,headds,thisnewtechnologycreatesamoraldilemmathatcouldslowitsacceptance. “Makersofdriverlesscarsareinatoughspot,”Bonnefon’sgroupwarns.Mostbuyerswouldwanttheircartobeprogrammedtoprotecttheminpreferencetootherpeople.However,regulationsmightonedayinstructthatcarsmustactforthegreatergood.Thatwouldmeansavingthemostpeople.Butthescientiststhinkruleslikethiscoulddriveawaybuyers.Ifso,allthepotentialbenefitsofdriverlesscarswouldbelost. “Compromises(折中)mightbepossible,”KurtGraysays.HeisapsychologistattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Hethinksthatevenifalldriverlesscarsareprogrammedtoprotecttheirpassengersinemergencies,trafficaccidentswilldecrease.Thosevehiclesmightbedangeroustopedestriansonrareoccasions.Butthey“won’tspeed,won’tdrivedrunkandwon’ttextwhiledriving,whichwouldbeawinforsociety.”Theunderlinedword“challenge”inparagraph2refersto____________.people’snegativeattitudestowardsself-drivingcars.howself-drivingcarsreducetrafficaccidents.thetechnicalproblemsthatself-drivingcarshave.howself-drivingcarshandleemergencies.Accordingtothetext,onlinesurveysshowthat____________.A.self-drivingcars’artificialintelligenceneedsimprovement.B.thebusytrafficmaybeaproblemforself-drivingcars.C.peopleareinamoraldilemmaaboutdriverlesscars.D.self-drivingcarsshouldbedesignedtoprotectdrivers.3.Whatcanwelearnfromthefifthparagraph?A.Regulationsareinfavourofdrivers.B.Mostpeopledislikeself-drivingcarsnow.C.Self-drivingcarmakersareinadifficultsituation.D.Thepotentialbenefitsofdriverlesscarsareignored.4.WhatisKurtGray’sattitudetowardself-drivingcars?A.Favorable. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Disapproving.（E)I'matSony'sNewYorkheadquarters（總部）,wheretheJapaneseelectronicscompanyisshowingthenewversionofitsrobotdog,AiboWhenIwasakid,IreceivedafurryrobotdogforChristmasoneyear,butquicklylostinterestbecauseitwaswaymorefuntoplaywithmyrealdogWhowouldbuya$2900fakedogwhentheycouldhavealivingoneforfarless?“Aibo,sit,"Isaid.Therobot'searsperkedup,withitseyesfixedonme.Butitdidnotsit"Sit!"Itriedagain.Aibojustraiseditshead,withalook—thatwasnotunliketheresponseyou'dgetfromanuntrainedpuppy.Imadeonelastattempttogetthedogtositbeforegivingup.Inresponse,itbarkedatmeandwaggeditstail.Thatsimplegesturemeltedmydoubt.Ipatteditshead,andtherobotrespondedslightlytomytouch.AsIplayedwithitforthenexthalfhour,Ibecamemoreandmorecharmedbyitsplayfulpersonality.Ievenstartedtoimaginewhatitwouldbeliketotakeithome.Aibowasfirstintroducedin1999,withnewversionsreleasedeveryyearorso.Theolderversionshavealimitedrangeofmovementandlittleartificialintelligence.Somedon'tevenhaveeyes.ThesixthgenerationofAibo,whichSonyislaunchingintheUnitedStatesafterintroducingitinJapanlatelastyear,isthemostlifelikeoneyet.Itcanwalk,sit,liedown,andevenplaydead.There'sacameraequippedwithfacialrecognition（識別）onthedog'snoseandacamerathatmapsthespacearounditatthebaseofitstail.InJapan,thenewAibosoldoutrightaway,andSonyhassold20,000oftherobotsasofJuly.Aiboisn'tmeanttobeanassistantthatperformstaskslikecallingyourfamilyandfriendsonyourbehalfandit'snottrackingyourbehaviortortheexpresspurposeofmonitoringyourhealth.It'smeanttocopythekindofcompanionshipareal-lifedogoffers1.Whatwastheauthor'sattitudetoAiboatfirst?A.Positive.B.Neutral.CNegativeD.Unconcerned.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthesixthgenerationofAibofromparagraph3?A.Ithasacameraonitsear.B.ItispopularwithcustomersinJapan.CItwasfirstproducedintheUnitedStates.D.Itneedsimprovementsinartificialintelligence.3.WhywasAibocreated?A.Tokeeppeoplecompany.B.Tomonitorpeople'shealth.C.Todosomesimplework.D.Tomakelifemoreintelligent.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Anassistantrobotdog B.AmostlifelikerobotdogC.Areal-lifedog D.Aplayfuldog（F)Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation(誘惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren't?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines(學(xué)科).Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常規(guī)的)，andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,