2020版高考二輪復習專題一閱讀理解第二部分第一講理解文中具體信息-細節(jié)理解題專題強化訓練英語

A(2019·河北石家莊二中高三模擬考試)BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashinuniversity—aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature—noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse—whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageinthesentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunchedTheFaceboo，whichimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialcreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld’sbiggestonlinebusinesses.AlthoughitstruevalueissafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwentyfirstcentury’smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Facebook網(wǎng)站的創(chuàng)始人Zuckerberg創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站的過程以及他努力克服所遇困難的故事。WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.Hehadgoodacademicperformance.HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredonetopstudentsintheclass,beforethearts,sciences,andpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，MarkZuckerberg在學生時期就有良好的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)。故B項正確。WhydidZuckerbergshutthesiteA．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”用。故BWhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg?A．Easygoingandsmart.B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing.D．Rebelliousandcreative.D“Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheZuckerberg期就創(chuàng)建了網(wǎng)站。由此可推知，ZuckerbergDWhatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebookB．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversityD．TheDevelopmentofFacebookA解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Zuckerberg在創(chuàng)建網(wǎng)站的過程中遇到的困難以及他努力克服所遇困難的過程，A項適合作本文的標題。故A項正確。Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunchedTheFacebooimmediatelyspreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessintheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplayItwas...that構成強調句；which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞“TheFacebook”；第二個thatapublic。譯文：就在那時，他和兩個朋友一起推出了“TheFacebook”Facebook迅速傳播到其他大學并發(fā)展B(2019·河南六市高三第一次聯(lián)考)Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,thersalwaystheriskthatyullbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain.ButthedaysofhavingtoquicklycloseyoursunroofcouldsoonbeathingofthepastthankstoJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnology.Thefirmisdevelopingcarsthatcanadaptautomaticallybyclosingwindowsandroofsorstartingtheheateriftheydetectbadweatherisontheway.Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofairpressure,humidityandlightsensorstohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.Carsequippedwiththesystemcouldmakeslightchangestotheairconditioningifitfindstheweatherisgettingwarmerduringajourneyorincreasethecabintemperatureifitwillgetcolder.Theforecastmayindicatethereisapossibilityofoneormoreweatherconditions,suchasrain,withinaperiodoftime,suchasfiveminutes.Thevehiclemaythenadapttotheweatherconditions.Inparticular,itmaycloseoneormorewindows,orclosearoofofthevehicleinresponsetoaforecastofrain.Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingc(致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.Althoughunclearwhetherthistechnologywillmakeitswaytoaproductionvehicleanytimesoon,suchasystemwouldbeadvantageousonautonomousvehicles.Sincethere’snohumandriverpresent,thesystemwillallowthevehicletomakeitcomfortableforitspassengers,basedoncurrentweatherconditions.Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了捷豹路虎最新的技術——天氣預報系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)使用了一整套氣壓、濕度和光線傳感器，幫助車輛預測大氣狀況的變化并加以適應。HowwillJaguarLandRover’slatesttechnologybenefitdrivers?Vehiclescanautomaticallydrivethemselves.Vehiclescanfindpositionsandroutesthemselves.Vehiclescanactasmobileweatherforecastingstations.Vehiclescanopenwindowsandsunroofsautomatically.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theweatherforecastingsystemusesasetofpressure,humidity(濕度)andlightsensors(tohelpitsvehiclespredictchangesinconditionsandadapttothem.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技術可以讓車輛像可移動的天氣預報站一樣，幫助車輛預測天氣狀況的變化并加以適應，從而造福于駕駛員。故選。Whatisthefeatureoftheglassofavehiclewiththenewtechnology?A．Itcanhelpadjustthetemperature.Itcanstillbeclearinrainydays.Itistoostrongtobreakintopieces.Itscolourcanchangewiththesunshine.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Similarlywindowscouldbedarkenedusingelectrochromic(電致變色的)glasstoimprovevisibilityifbrightsunshineisforecast.”采用新技術的汽車玻璃的顏色會隨著陽光而改變。故選。WhatcanweknowabouttheweatherforecastingsystemfromtheA．Itisintelligentenoughtostopraining.Itmakesthedrivermorecomfortable.Itcan’tpredicttheweatheraccurately.Itmakesautonomouscarssaferinbadweather.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Itcanalsomakethevehiclesaferifitknowsrainorsnowiscoming.”可知，天氣預報系統(tǒng)會使無人駕駛汽車在惡劣天氣下更安全。故選D。Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?A．Abookreview.C．Asciencefiction.

B．Asciencereport.D．Atravelbrochure.B科學報道。故選B。[長難句分析]Whileweatherforecasterscanmakefairlyaccuratepredictions,alwaystheriskthatbecaughtoutwhiledrivinginthe分析：本句是一個主從復合句。while引導讓步狀語從句；you’llbecaughtoutwhiledrivingintherain是同位語從句，說明risk的內容。譯文：雖然天氣預報員可以做出相當準確的預測，但你還會有在雨中開車時會淋雨的風險。C(2019·昆明高三復習診斷)Who’rehappier,menorwomen?Researchshowsit’sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn’treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.Women’shappinesshasbeendecliningforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.AndresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepressioncomparedwithGenderdifferencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoexpresshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasaprimarycaregiver,whiledisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemalesusemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneuronsthanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoexperincetheworldfromotherpeople’sviewtounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperiencedeepersadness.Womentoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendifferinthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeelingsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinkedtogreaterhappiness.Thissupportstheismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.

rythatwomen’shappiness【解題導語】本文從社會、生理和心理三個方面介紹了男性和女性在幸福感上的差異。Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?Warmth.C．Happiness.

Depression.D．Disrespect.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“whilemendisplaymoreanger, pridedisrespect”可知，男性表現(xiàn)更多的是生氣、驕傲和無禮，故選。Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A．Psychologicalfactors.C．Educationalfactors.

B．Biologicalfactors.D．Socialfactors.A感情方面的不同：與男性相比，女性更加公開地表露自己內心的情感。Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom ．A．asciencefictionC．anurseryguide

B．aculturebrochureD．ahealthmagazineD性在幸福感上的差異。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康雜志，故選DWhatisthetextmainlyabout?Menandwomendifferinbiologyandpsychology.Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.Women’shappinesshasdeclinedinthepastyears.B感上的差異，故B[長難句分析]Gender(性別)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferences.(第二段第三句)分析：本句是一個由andthatbiological，psychologicalandsocialfactorscontributetothedifferencesthat細節(jié)理解題——綜合細節(jié)題(建議用時：25分鐘)A(2019·合肥高三第二次質量檢測)AsimpleprojecttohelpafamilyinneedstoppedLukeMickelsoninhistracks.In2012,heandhisfamilywereinspiredtobuildanddonateabunkbed,onebedontopoftheother,afterlearningtherewerelocalchildrenwhosleptonthefloor.Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.BornandraisedinIdaho,Mickelson,now41,hadathrivingcareer.Hecoachedhiskids’sportsteamsandfishedinthenearbyriver.Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthefloor,hispeacefullifechangedcourse.Usingsafetyguidelinesandhisbunkbedasamodel,Mickelsonstartedbuyingwoodandsuppliestobuildbedswithhisownmoney.Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymembershelparoundtheholidays.Asthewordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded—alongwithbunkbedoutput.“Thatfirstproject,webuilt11bunkbedsinmygarag”hesaid.“Thenextyear,wedid15.Thenitdoubledeveryyear.In2017,webuilt612bunkWiththemotto“Nokidsleepsonthefloorinourto，thenonprofitanditsmorethan65brancheshavebuiltanddeliveredmorethan1500freebedstochildrenacrossAmerica.alongwiththerapidgrowth,Mickelsonwasfacedwithatoughchoice:advancinghiscareerorhisnonprofit.Hechosethelatterandwentfrommaking“greatmoneytozeromoney”.He’sneverlookedback.“IfoundthattheneedIhaveis’tfinancia”hesaid.“TheneedIhaveisseeingthejoyonkids’faces,knowingthatIcanmakeaMickelson成立了一個公益組織“SleepinHeavenlyPeace”。WhydidMickelsonsetupSleepinHeavenlyA．Tohelpthepoorchildren.Tomakeabigfortune.Toinspirehiscommunity.Togetmoredonations.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段，尤其是最后一句中的“MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed”個非營利組織是為了幫助貧困兒童。WhatdoweknowaboutLukeMickelson?A．Hehadhisownfishfarm.Hechangedhiscareerfromtimetotime.Heusedtosleeponthefloorwhenhewasakid.Heoriginallyhadarelaxingandpleasantlife.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段，尤其是最后一句“Butwhenhemetchildrenwhoweresleepingonthefloor,hispeacefullifechangedMickelsonHowdidotherpeoplereacttoMickelson’sproject?Theyshowedlittleinterestinit.Theyweresupportiveandinvolvedinit.Theyweredoubtfulaboutthesafetyofthebunkbed.Theyvolunteeredtobuybedswiththeirownmoney.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Herecruitedfriendsandfamilymemberstohelparoundtheholidays.Asthewordspread,interestandinvolvementfromhisandothercommunitiesflooded”知，人們對MickelsonWhatisMickelson’sattitudetothenonprofit?Ambiguous.C．Cautious.

Defensive.D．Positive.D解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段，尤其是“TheneedIhave...makeadifference.”可知，Mickelson極的態(tài)度。[長難句分析]Shockedtodiscoverhowwidespreadthisneedwasinhiscommunity,MickelsonfoundedSleepinHeavenlyPeace,anonprofitthatbuildsanddeliversbedstochildreninneed.(第一howdiscover“thatbuildsandbedstochildreninneed”為that“anonprofit”，that譯文：Mickelson震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種需求在他的社區(qū)如此普遍，于是他創(chuàng)建了SleepinHeavenlyPeace——一個為有需要的兒童建造并運送床的非營利組織。B(2019·)TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownhouse.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedparticipantsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoal,andwhetherornottheyfeltthecontrolovertheirabilitytosuccessful.Obviously,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandreamandwhattakestoachieveitlooksquitedifferentfromitdidinthelate20thcentury.Generallyspeaking,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwoknotoutsideforcdecidingtheirlives.Buttheparticipantshaddefinitelymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears,Americanshavegrownmorepessimistic悲(觀的)aboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,athatyoungpeopledonotneeda4yearcollegeeducationintobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42,whohasadegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialty(hisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointslifeexperiences.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectiveeducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbookarethenecessaryelementsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。一項民意測驗表明，美國人現(xiàn)在不像以前那么相信美國夢了，有一半多的美國人認為不接受大學教育也可以成功。ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave ．A．asenseofdriveandB．anadvancedacademicdegreeC．afirmbeliefintheirdreamD．anambitiontogetaheadB解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Morespecifically,theyagreeonhowtogetinAmerica:getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuytheirownB。WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericanA．MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.Americans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.Dtheresultsshowthattoday,theideatheAmericandreamandwhatittakestolooksquitedifferentfromitdidin20thcentury.”可知，這次民意調查發(fā)現(xiàn)在過去的幾十年里，美國人對美國夢的看法已經(jīng)改變了。故正確答案為。WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?A．Itstillremainsopentodebate.Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內容可知，現(xiàn)在美國人對大學教育能引領成功這一看法越來越悲說并不像過去那么重要。故正確答案為。HowdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationtheseA．Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.Itneedstobestrengthened.Itwidensculturaldiversity.Itpromotesgenderequality.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedtheofdegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewviewpointsandlifeexperiences.”可推斷出，如今一些人認為大學教育能幫助擴展他們的視野。故正確答案為A。[長難句分析]TheAmericandreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesAmericathatthroughhardwork,courage,creativityanddetermination,theycanachieveabetterlifeforthemselves.分析：本句是一個復合句。“heldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmerica”是非謂語動詞結構，在此作后置定語，修飾faith;that引導同位語從句，解釋說明faith的具體內容。創(chuàng)造更好的生活。C(2019·)Chinesecuisineiswidelyknownandenjoyedallaroundtheworld.WhotlongforafavoriteChinesedish?ButthereisoneinterestingconceptconcerningChinesefoodwhichisalmostunheardintheWest,andwhichisbecomingincreasinglyignoredbytheyouthoftheEast—theancientcustomoftonicfood.Tonicfoodisfoodwhichisconsumedtoimproveone’swellbeingoravoidsickness.Forinstance,itwasoncethecustomfornewmotherstoeatasesameoilhotpoteverydayforthefirstmonthaftergivingbirth.Itwasbelievedthatthisdishwouldbenefitthemuscles,reducepain,improvecirculation,stimulatewarmthebody.Somefoods,suchasgoatandspinachareseena“howhileothers,suchasChinesecabbageandradishesareseenas“coldOneshouldbecarefulnottoeattoomuchofeither“hot”or“cold”food.However,howmuch“hot”or“cold”foodoneshouldeatdependsonthetimeoftheyear,howthefoodispreparedandwhatitispreparedwith,andthehealth.Thecustomofemployingtonicfoodforahealthierlifealsoinfluenc