大學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)課件U3-2 Words and expresions

Unit3Artforart’ssake12ThemysteryofGirlswithaPearlEarringHowwelistenText

AboutthepaintingGotothetextLookatthepaintingandanswerthequestions.Text1Howolddoyouthinkthegirlis?2Whatisshewearing?3Isshebeautiful?4Howwouldyoudescribeherexpression?5Whatisthefocusofthepainting?1Howolddoyouthinkthegirlis?

It’shardtosay,butshelooksbetween14and16.2Whatisshewearing?Shehasaheavycoatandshe’swearingascarfwrappedaroundherheadlikeaturban.She’salsogotalargepearlearringonherleftear.3Isshebeautiful?

I

wouldsaythatsheisprettybutnotbeautiful.

However,thereissomethingaboutherlooksand

expressionwhichisattractive.Maybeshehasastrong,interestingcharacterbutwecan’tbesure.Text4Howwouldyoudescribeherexpression?

She’slookingatuswithlargeeyesinanopenanddirectway,andhermouthisslightlyopen.Shelooksabitinnocent,nervousandsurprised,asifsheisabouttosaysomething.Herexpressioncouldbeinterpretedaslongingorinquiring;probablyshewantssomethingverymuchbutwedon’tknowwhatitis.Text5Whatisthefocusofthepainting?

Oureyesaredrawntotheearring.It’snotinthe

centreofthepaintinganditshinesabitinthedark.

But

itisinsideaframeoflightcoloursmadebythediagonallinesofhereyes,hernose,hermouthand

the

verticalyellowscarfandnearlyhorizontalwhitecollar.

TextText1

hepaintingGirlwithaPearlEarringisoneofthegreatestworksbytheDutchpainter

JohannesVermeer,andoneofthebestlovedpaintingsintheworld.Itshowsastrikingyoungwomanwearinganexoticcostumeanda

turban,peeringoverhershoulderstraightoutattheviewer.Setagainstadarkandunspecifiedbackground,oureyesaredrawntoherpearlearring,thefocalpointofthepainting.

ThemysteryofGirlwithaPearlEarringT

Butaftermorethanacenturyofstudy,theworkposessomefascinatingquestions.Whoistheyoungwoman?Isthepaintingaportraitofarealperson,orasitterrepresentingmoregeneralattributesofwomanhood?Howoldisshemeanttobe?Isthepearlreal?What'sthesignificanceoftheturban?Whatisshethinkingasshestaresoutatus?TextText2Ingeneral,verylittleisknownaboutVermeer.Weknowhewasbornin1632,spenthisentirelifeinDelft,anddiedin1675.Weknowhisworkincludespaintingsofreligiousandmythologicalthemes,domesticinteriorsandlandscapes.Heneverseemstohavebeenwealthy,perhapsbecauseheproducedrelativelyfewpaintings.

Hisotherwell-knownworksincludeGirlReadingaLetteratanOpenWindow,andWomanwithWaterJug.Text

3

WealsoknowthatalthoughhecamefromaProtestantfamily,hemarriedaCatholicgirlCatharina,whoinsistedthatheconverttoCatholicismbeforetheymarriedandhad14children.4

AsfarastheGirlwithaPearlEarringisconcerned,itseemsthatitwasn'tmeanttobeaportrait,butastudyofexpressions,facialcharacteristicsorotherinterestingfeatures.It'struethatthegirl'sfacewouldprobablynotbeconsideredbeautifulinaconventionalsense.Ifithadbeenaportrait,apainterwouldhaveworkedhardertoconveythesitter'sbeauty,evenifitmeantslightlydistortingthetruth!ThiskindofstudywaspopularinHollandatthetime,andwouldhavebeeneasytosell.Text

Wedon'tknow,however,ifthispaintingwaseversoldduringVermeer'slifetime.Wedon'tevenknowifitwascommissionedbyVermeer'spatron,vanRuijven.Ifso,themodelmighthavebeenoneofhisdaughterswhowasaboutthesameageasthesitter.WeknowlessabouttheGirlwiththePearlEarringthananyofVermeer'sworks.Indeed,theunexplainablelackofbackgroundinformationmayevencontributetotheworldwidepopularitythepaintingenjoys.Text

5

Withsomuchmystery,thepaintinghas

beenthethemeoffirst,anovelandlater,afilm,bothofwhichattempttoanswersomeofthequestionsaboutthepainting,aswellasone,whichisimmediatelymoreappropriate

tothemediumofthe

novelorthe

film:Areherwideeyesandenigmatichalf-smileinnocentorseductive?Text

6

TracyChevalier'snovel,publishedin1999,tellsusthestoryofGriet,a16-year-oldDutchgirlwhoneedstostartworkinordertosupportherfamily.ShebecomesamaidinVermeer'shousehold,withitsfivechildren,grandmother,along-timeservant,andCatharina,Vermeer'svolatilewife.WhileGrietgoesaboutherduties,sheattractstheattentionnotonlyofabutcher'sboy,Pieter,butalsoofthepainterhimself.

Despitetheirdifferentbackgroundsandclass,heinvitesherintohisstudioandengagesherinhisworld.Text

7AtfirstGrietmerelyrunserrandsandperformstasksforVermeer.Butgradually,hisrelationshipwithherchanges.VermeerrecognizesGrietashavingvisualtalentandartisticpromise,andtakesheronashisstudioassistant.GrietiswaryofherpositionintheVermeerhouseholdbutrevelsinbeingencouragedtodevelopherskills.

Text

HerroleistogrindpaintsanddevelopthecolourswhichVermeerwilluseforhispaintingsandwhenamodelfallsill,shetakesherplace.Catharinahaslongbeenforbiddentoenterthestudio,sotheapprenticeshiptakesplaceinsecret.GrietandVermeergrowcloser,althoughtheirfeelingsareneverstatedexplicitly.Text8ButthenVermeer'spatron,thewealthyvanRuijven,whoisattractedbyGriet,insiststhatthemaidandhebethesubjectsofVermeer'snextcommissionedwork.GrietandVermeerarereluctanttoagreebecauseofherstrictmodestyandthescandalcausedbythelastoccasionvanRuijvenwaspaintedwithayoungwoman.Eventually,VermeercompromisesandagreestopaintGrietonherown,wearingCatharina'spearlearrings.Butwhileheispaintingher,VermeerseesGriet'shair,whichtakessomeofhermodestyawayand,deeplyembarrassed,sherunstoPieterforcomfort.Text

9OnedayVermeer'sdaughterdiscoversthatGriethasbeenmodellingforherfather,andtellshermother.Filledwithjealousy,Catharinastormsintothestudioanddemandstoseethepainting.GrietisembarrassedwhenVermeeraccusesCatharinaofnotunderstandingart,anddecidestoleavetheVermeerhousehold.Text

10TenyearslaterweunderstandthatGriethasmarriedPieter,andhashadchildrenwithhim.Inthemeantime,Vermeerhasdiedandinhiswill,haslefttheearringstoGriet.ShesellsthemtosettlethedebtduetotheVermeersbythebutcher'sshopwhenGrietandPietergotmarried.Text

11TracyChevalier'stalentwastobringtolifeformodernreadersthestoryofayoungwomaninasmallcitymanycenturiesago,andaboveall,tospeculateontheanswerstosomeofthequestionswhichthepaintingprovokes.Text

12Thenovelwasabest-seller,andconsequentlywasmadeintoafilmofthesamenamein2003.VermeerwasplayedbyColinFirth,andGrietbyScarlettJohannson.ThefilmshowsveryeffectivelythetensionbetweenthetwowhenVermeerpiercesGriet'searlobessoshecanwearhiswife'spearlearringsfortheportraitcommissionedbyhispatron.Itendswithascenenotdescribedinthenovel,withthepearlearringsbeing

mysteriouslydeliveredtoGriet,andwe'releftwonderingifsheevermarriesPieter.Text

13ThepaintingcanbefoundintheMauritshuisMuseuminTheHague,Holland.Ithasbeendescribedasthe

MonaLisaofthenorth,preciselybecause,likeLeonardodaVinci'spainting,nowinParis,itappearstobeasimplelikenessofawomanwithanenigmaticsmile,yetwhichcontainslevelsofmeaningsandquestions.Thefactthatasinglepaintingcangenerateathoroughlyrewardingnovelandawell-composedfilmdemonstratesourfascinationinthemysteryoftheGirlwitha

PearlEarring.Words&Phrasespearlexoticturbanviewer

focalportrait

sitterfeatureconvert

CatholicismCatholicProtestantjuginteriorwaryerrand

engagevolatileseductive

enigmaticunexplainablewomanhood

mythologicaldomesticpatron

commission

distortapprenticeshipgrindrevelWords&Phrasesexplicitlymodestyscandaljealousy

meantime

consequently

pierce

earlobe

mysteriouslythoroughlyWords&Phrasesasfarassth.isconcernedrunanerrandtake(sb.)onstorminto/outbringsth.tolife

Words&PhrasesJohannesVermeer

約翰尼斯·維梅爾Delft

代爾夫特（荷蘭城市）Catharina

凱瑟琳娜vanRuijven

范·魯文（人名）TracyChevalier

崔西·雪佛蘭Griet

格里特（人名）Pieter

彼得（人名）ColinFirth

科林·弗思ScarlettJohannson

斯嘉麗·約翰松MauritshuisMuseum莫瑞泰斯皇家美術(shù)館Words&PhrasesTheHague海牙MonaLisa《蒙娜·麗莎》

LeonardodaVinci列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇pearln.[C]

asmallroundjewelthatiswhiteandshinyandthatgrowsinsidetheshellofanoyster珍珠e.g.1.

Thepearlsparkledinthemoonlight.

那顆珍珠在月光下閃閃發(fā)光。

2.

SingaporeisdescribedasthepearloftheOrient.

新加坡被視為東方明珠。

Words&Phrasesexotica.1)interestingorexcitingbecauseofbeingunusualornotfamiliarorbecauseofbeinginorfromdistantforeigncountries

奇異的；別致的；異乎尋常的；異國情調(diào)的e.g.1.

Shelovesexoticclothesandtravellingtheexoticplaces.她喜歡穿奇裝異服，到充滿異國情調(diào)的地方去旅游。2)originatinginorcharacteristicofadistantforeigncountry

外（國）來的e.g.TherearesomeexoticwordsinEnglishlanguage.

英語中有一些外來詞。Wordfamily:exotically

ad.Words&Phrasesturbann.[C]alongpieceofclothwrappedaroundthehead,wornespeciallybySikh,Hindu,andMuslimmen(尤指錫克教教徒、印度教教徒和穆斯林男子的）包頭巾，纏頭巾e.g.Alargehandkerchiefofbrightlycoloredsilkorcottonisoftenwornasaturban.一種顏色鮮艷的絲質(zhì)或棉布大手巾常當(dāng)作頭巾戴。

Words&Phrasesviewern.[C]1)

someonewholooksatapicture,photograph,or

pieceofart

（圖片、照片或藝術(shù)品的）觀賞者e.g.

TheAmericansceneawestheviewerwithbothitsvarietyandsize.

來美國觀光的人無不贊嘆這塊土地幅員廣闊、多姿多彩。2)someonewhowatchestelevision電視觀眾e.g.

Lettersfromviewersexpresstheirdissatisfactionwithcurrentprogrammes.電視觀眾來信表示對當(dāng)前節(jié)目不滿。Wordfamily:view

v.

Words&PhrasesChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.

Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe______ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.(CET4-2005-12-44)A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewers

Words&PhrasesBfocal

a.

ofmajorimportance

最重要的；中心的；焦點(diǎn)的e.g.1.

Thefocalpointofourdiscussionwastheneedforaction.我們討論的中心是采取行動的必要性。2.

Televisionhasnowbecomethefocalpointoffamilylifeinmanycountriesintheworld.現(xiàn)在世界上的許多國家看電視已經(jīng)成為人們家庭生活中的主要消遣。Wordfamily:focus

n.[C]&v.

Words&Phrasesportrait

n.[C]

1)

apainting,drawing,orphotographofsomeone,especiallyoftheirfaceonly（尤指面部的）畫像，照片，肖像e.g.

Theportraitshowsfineeffectsoflightandshade.

這幅肖像畫的濃淡色調(diào)表現(xiàn)得很好。2)adescriptionofsomeoneorsomething,forexampleinabook描述；描繪；描寫e.g.ThebookcontainsafascinatingportraitoflifeatthecourtofHenryVIII.該書生動地描寫了亨利八世的宮廷生活。

Words&Phrasessittern.[C]1)

someonewhositsorstandsinaparticularpositionwhileanartistpaintsorphotographsthem（坐著或站著供人畫像或照相的）模特e.g.Thepaintingwasthoughttobenamedafterthesitter.這幅畫被認(rèn)為是以畫中人的名字命名的。2)(infml)ababysitter（代人照看小孩的）臨時(shí)保姆e.g.Iwasluckythatmyfamilyandmybabysittercouldalsorelievemesothatmysonwasneveralone.幸運(yùn)的是，我的家人和保姆也能減輕我的負(fù)擔(dān)，所以兒子一直有人陪著。Words&Phraseswomanhood

n.[C]1)

(fml)allwomenconsideredasagroup（總稱）女性e.g.

GraceandcompassionhavecometorepresenttheidealofwomanhoodintheEast.優(yōu)雅和憐憫共同表現(xiàn)了完美的東方女人氣質(zhì)。2)thestateofbeingawoman,ortheperiodoftimewhensomeoneisawoman女子成年的狀態(tài)；女子成年期e.g.ShewasalittlegirlwhenIlefthome;nowshebudsintowomanhood.我離開家時(shí)她還是個(gè)小女孩,

現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是成年女子了。Words&Phrasesmythologicala.

of

mythology

神話的e.g.Thismasterisrememberedforhishistoricalandmythologicalworks.這位大師以其帶有歷史感和神話色彩的作品而著稱。Wordfamily:

mythology

n.acollectionofancientmyths,especiallythoseofaparticularcountryorreligione.g.

HestudiesGreekandRomanmythology.

他研究希臘和羅馬神話。

Words&Phrasesdomestica.

1)

relatingtothecountrybeingtalkedabout,andnotothercountries

本國的；國內(nèi)的e.g.

Thenewspaperprovidesmoreforeignnewsthandomesticnews.

這家報(bào)紙刊登的國外消息多于國內(nèi)消息。2)(usubeforenoun)

relatingtopeople’shomesandfamilylife家的；家庭的e.g.

MyhusbandlovesadventurouslifewhileIenjoyamorepeacefuldomesticlife.

我丈夫喜歡冒險(xiǎn)的生活，而我則喜歡寧靜的家居生活。Words&Phrases3)adomesticanimalisonethatiskeptasapetoronafarm馴養(yǎng)的；家養(yǎng)的e.g.Dogs,catsandoxenarealldomesticanimals.

狗，貓和牛都是家禽。Words&Phrasesinteriorn.1)

[C](ususing)theinsidepartofsomething,especiallyabuildingorvehicle內(nèi)部；（尤指）屋內(nèi)，車內(nèi)e.g.

1.Theinteriorofthehighbuildingismagnificentandluxurious.大樓內(nèi)部裝飾得富麗堂皇。2.Theinteriorofthecarwasveryspacious.這部車的內(nèi)部空間非常寬敞。

Words&Phrases2)(the~)theinnerpartofacountryorregionthatisfurthestawayfromitsbordersorcoasts內(nèi)地；腹地；內(nèi)陸e.g.ThepeopleoftheAfricaninteriorbegantooffergoldinexchangeforthegoodstheyneededfromabroad.從此后非洲內(nèi)地的各族人民開始用黃金交換他們所需要的外國貨物。Antonym:exteriorn.

Words&Phrasesjugn.

[C](BrE)acontainerfromwhichyoupourliquidssuchaswaterormilk.TheusualAmericanwordispitcher罐；壺e.g.1.

Shefilledthejugwithfreshwater.她將水壺注滿了清水。2.Sheputmoreandmorestonesinuntilthewatercameuptothetopofthejug.Soshehadaverylong

drink.

她丟更多的石頭進(jìn)去直到水滿到瓶口。因此她可以喝一大口的水。

Words&PhrasesProtestant1)

a.

connectedwiththeProtestantChurch新教的e.g.IsheCatholicorProtestant?他是天主教徒還是新教徒？2)n.

[C]

amemberofagroupofChristianchurchesthatseparatedfromtheRomanCatholicChurchinthe

16thcentury

新教徒（16世紀(jì)脫離羅馬天主教的基督教教派成員）e.g.

1.AProtestantdeliveredaspeechtothecrowd.一名新教徒向人群發(fā)表了演說。2.ThevastmajorityoftheworkershereareProtestants.這里的工人絕大多是新教徒。Words&PhrasesAProtestantisabelieverintheProtestantchurch,

whichdevelopedinthe16thcenturyinEurope.

ProtestantismisthebranchofChristianitywhich

believesintheauthorityoftheBible,andinthe

importanceoffaithinJesusChrist,thesonofGod.Words&PhrasesCatholic1)

a.

connectedwiththeRomanCatholicChurch

天主教的e.g.ThePopeisthesupremeleaderoftheRomanCatholicChurch.教皇是羅馬天主教的最高領(lǐng)袖。2)n.

[C]

amemberoftheRomanCatholicChurch

天主教徒e.g.Shewasadevoutcatholic.她曾是個(gè)虔誠的天主教徒。ACatholicisabelieverintheRomanCatholicchurch,whoseleaderisthePope.CatholicismisthebranchofChristianitywhichmaintainsthatbelieversshouldshowtheirloveofGodbyfollowingtheexampleofJesusChrist.Italsoplacesimportanceonconfessingsinsandtheafterlife.Seealso:Catholicism.

Words&PhrasesCatholicismn.[U]thereligionoftheRomanCatholicChurch天主教CatholicismisabroadtermforthebodyoftheCatholicfaith,itstheologiesanddoctrines,itsliturgical,ethical,spiritual,andbehavioralcharacteristics,aswellasareligiouspeopleasawhole.e.g.

1.HehasconvertedfromCatholicismtoJudaism.他已從天主教改信猶太教。2.Catholicismismoreawayoflife.天主教更多只是一種生活方式。Seealso:Catholic.

Words&Phrasesconvertv.

1)

changeyourbeliefs,especiallyyourreligiousbeliefs,

orpersuadesomeonetodothis（使）改變信仰（尤指宗教信仰）；（使）皈依e.g.Hewassentouttoconverttheheathens.他被派去教化那些異教徒。2)changefromonesystem,use,ormethodtoanother,ormakesomethingdothis

（使）轉(zhuǎn)換；（使）轉(zhuǎn)變；（使）轉(zhuǎn)化e.g.Thesolarcellcanconverttheenergyofsunlightintoelectricenergy.太陽能電池能把陽光的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。

Words&Phrasesfeaturen.[C]

animportantpartoraspectofsomething特點(diǎn)；特征；特色e.g.

1.Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.她面部最突出的部分是那雙眼睛。2.WetweatherisafeatureinScotland.潮濕的天氣是蘇格蘭的一個(gè)特色。Words&Phrasesdistortvt.

1)

changesth.suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲；曲解e.g.Thebiasofareportercaneasilydistortthenews.記者的偏見很容易歪曲新聞的報(bào)導(dǎo)。2)changethewaythatsth.looks,sounds,orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize使變形；使扭曲e.g.Tallbuildingscandistortradiosignals.

高大的建筑物會使無線電信號失真。Wordfamily:distortion

n.

Words&Phrasescommissionvt.

1)

officiallyaskforapieceofworktobedoneforyou

委托制作；委托創(chuàng)作e.g.Themusicianwascommissionedanewsymphonyforthefestival.那位音樂家受托為這個(gè)節(jié)慶寫一首新的交響樂曲。2)

(usupassive)makesomeoneanofficerinthearmedforces

委任；任命……為軍官e.g.IwascommissionedintotheRAF.

我被授予皇家空軍的軍官軍銜。3)orderorauthorize(apersonororganization)todoorproducesth.授權(quán)（或委托）（人，組織）做（或制造）某事物e.g.Myfathercommissionedarealestateagenttosellourhouse.我父親委托了一名房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人來賣我們的房子。Words&Phrasespatronn.[C]1)

someonewhosupportstheworkofwriters,artists,musiciansetc,especiallybygivingthemmoney（作家、藝術(shù)家、音樂家的）資助人，贊助者e.g.Modernartistshavedifficultyinfindingpatrons.現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家們很難找到贊助人。

2)

(fml)someonewhousesaparticularrestaurant,hotel,orotherbusiness（餐館、酒店或其他生意的）主顧，顧客e.g.Thenewmanagementisassuringitspatronofitsbesteffortandhospitality.新的管理組織將保證為顧客提供最優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。Words&Phrasesunexplainablea.

unabletobeexplainedorunderstood不可解釋的；無法說明的；費(fèi)解的e.g.Aphobiaisanirrationalandoftenunexplainablefearthatcausesanuncontrollablephysicalreaction.恐懼癥是一種不理性及通常很難解釋的恐懼，它會引起一種無法自我控制的生理反應(yīng)。Antonym:explainableWordfamily:explainv.explanationn.

Words&Phrasesenigmatica.

mysteriousanddifficulttounderstand謎一般的；神秘莫測的；難以捉摸的TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:Thefocusofthepaintingistheattractive,gentlebutenigmaticsmileonthefaceofMonaLisa.這幅畫的重點(diǎn)是蒙娜·麗莎臉上那迷人、溫柔而又神秘莫測的微笑。Wordfamily:enigmatically

ad.Words&Phrasesseductivea.

1)

sexuallyattractive

性感的；勾引人的e.g.Sheis

averyattractiveandseductivewoman.她是位非常有魅力的、性感的女人。2)attractiveandlikelytopersuadeyoutodosth.youwouldnotusuallydo誘人的；有誘惑力的e.g.Thisofferofahighsalaryandafreehouseisveryseductive.這種高薪加免費(fèi)住房的條件十分誘人。Wordfamily:seduce

vt.

Words&Phrasesvolatilea.

1)

someonewhoisvolatilecanquicklybecomeangryorviolent（人）暴躁的2)avolatilesituationcansuddenlychangeorbecomemoredangerous易變的；動蕩不定的TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:1.Poetsarehighlynervousandvolatileintemperament.詩人生性神經(jīng)過敏，喜怒無常。2.Thepoliticalsituationisbecomingmorevolatile.政局變得更加動蕩不定。Words&Phrasesengagevt.

1)

(fml)

starttoemploysomeoneorusetheirservices

雇用；聘用e.g.Herfatherengagedatutortoimprovehermaths.她爸爸請了一位家庭教師給她補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。2)attractandkeepsomeone’sinterestorattention吸引?。橙说呐d趣、注意力）e.g.1.

Thetoydidn’tengagehisinterestforlong.

這個(gè)玩具對他的吸引力沒有維持多久。2.Brightcolorsengageababy’sattention.

鮮艷的顏色會引起嬰兒的注意。Wordfamily:engagement

n.

Words&Phraseserrandn.

[C]

asmalljobthatinvolvesgoingtocollectordeliversth.差使；跑腿e.g.1.

Yourerrandwastomailtheletter.你的差事是去寄這封信。2.Thefathersenthimoutonanerrandtothecity.

父親派他進(jìn)城去辦件事。Seealso:

runanerrand.

Words&Phraseswarya.

(~of)

carefulornervousaboutsomeoneorsomethingbecauseyouthinktheymightcauseaproblem謹(jǐn)慎的；小心翼翼的e.g.Keepawaryeyeontheweatherbeforeyousetsail.

出航前要密切注意天氣。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:我們一定要教育孩子警惕陌生人。Wemustteachchildrentobewaryofstrangers.Wordfamily:warilyad.Antonym:unwaryWords&Phrasesrevelvi.1)

(~in)

enjoysth.verymuch

陶醉于；著迷于e.g.1.Sheseemstorevelinannoyingherparents.她似乎以惹父母生氣為樂。2.Aletawasblindfrombirth,soshelearnedtoadapttothedarknessandrevelinthesoundsandsmellsoftheforest.

艾麗塔出生時(shí)雙目失明，因而她學(xué)會了適應(yīng)黑暗，并沉浸于森林的聲音與氣息。2)engageinlivelyandnoisyfestivities,especiallythosewhichinvolvedrinkinganddancing（尤指飲酒和跳舞）作樂，狂歡e.g.Theyweredrinkingandrevelingallnight.他們整夜喝酒作樂。Words&Phrasesgrindv.

ground/ground1)

overysmallpiecesorpowder,byusingamachineorbycrushingitbetweentwohardsurfaces

磨碎；把……磨成粉狀e.g.1.

Wegrindupthewheattomakeflour.

我們把小麥磨成面粉。2.Wouldyoupleasegrindapoundofcoffeeforme?請給我磨一磅咖啡好嗎?2)

presssth.downontoasurfaceusingalotofforce用力壓e.g.

Hegroundouthiscigaretteonthewindowledge.

他在窗臺上把香煙按滅。

Words&Phrasesapprenticeshipn.

[C,U]

employmentasanapprentice;thepositionofapprentice

當(dāng)學(xué)徒；學(xué)徒的身份e.g.1.Heservedhisapprenticeshipwithatailor.

他曾跟一個(gè)裁縫當(dāng)過學(xué)徒。2.Apprenticeshipisthemosttraditionalwayofvocationaleducation.學(xué)徒制度是世界上最古老的職業(yè)教育形式。3.AfterhisapprenticeshipheworkedforJoeManton,thegreatestgunsmithinEnglandandalegendinhisownlifetime.學(xué)徒期滿后，詹姆士為英國最偉大的造槍巨子及其所在時(shí)代的一個(gè)傳奇人物喬曼頓工作。Wordfamily:apprenticen.[C]

學(xué)徒，徒弟Words&Phrasesexplicitlyad.

inanexplicitmanner

清楚地；明白地；無可懷疑地

Wordfamily:explicit

a.saidorexplainedinanextremelyclearway,sothatyoucannotdoubtwhatismeant清楚明確的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)膃.g.1.

Hegavemeexplicitdirectionsonhowtogetthere.他清清楚楚地告訴我怎樣到達(dá)那里。

2.

Heexplicitlysaidthathewouldn'tberetiringfromthematch.

他已明確表示不會退出比賽。Words&Phrasesmodestyn.[U]

1)unwillingnesstoshowyourbodyordoanythingthatmayattractsexualinterest羞怯；靦腆；端莊

2)

thetendencynottotalkaboutyourself,yourachievements,oryourabilitiesevenifyouaresuccessful

謙遜；謙虛Wordfamily:modest

a.Words&PhrasesFigureoutthemeaningsof“modesty”inthefollowingsentences.Matchitsusagewiththemeaning1羞怯；靦腆；端莊

or2謙遜；謙虛andtranslatethemintoChinese.1.

Onelosesbyprideandgainsbymodesty.()滿招損，謙受益。2.Asconceitmakesonelagbehind,somodestyhelpsonemakeprogress.()

驕傲使人落后，謙虛使人進(jìn)步。

3.Hermodestypreventedherfrommakingherrealfeelingsknowntohim.()

她由于羞怯未曾向他吐露真情實(shí)意。Words&Phrases212scandaln.

[C,U]

asituationinwhichimportantpeoplebehaveinadishonestorimmoralwaythatshockspeople丑聞；丑行；丑事e.g.1.

Scandalandgossiparemeatanddrinktothem.各種丑聞和流言蜚語是他們最感興趣的事。2.Hesufferedalossofprestigewhenthescandalwaspublicized.這件丑事公開后他便威信掃地。Words&Phrasesjealousyn.

[U]

anunhappyfeelingbecausesomeonehassth.thatyouwouldlikeorcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo妒忌e.g.1.Amandrivenbyjealousyiscapableofanything.

嫉妒心可使人什么都做得出來。2.Unfortunately,hersuccessexcitedjealousyinherfriends.不幸的是，她的成功引起了朋友們的妒忌。Wordfamily:jealous

a.Words&Phrasesmeantimen.

[U]

duringthetimebetweentwoeventsorbetweenthepresenttimeandafutureevent在這期間；與此同時(shí)e.g.1.Ilikeskiingandinthemeantime,Iknowitisverydangerous.我喜歡滑雪，同時(shí)也知道這非常危險(xiǎn)。2.Inthemeantimeoftakingcareofhislife,youhavetoinsulateyourselffromhismoods.

在照顧他生活的同時(shí)，你必須將你自己隔絕在他的情緒之外。Words&Phrasesconsequentlyad.

asaresult因此；結(jié)果e.g.1.

Thecompanywentbankrupt.Consequently,helosthisjob.公司破產(chǎn)，因此他失業(yè)了。2.Somepeoplehavenorespectforthespeedlimitandconsequentlyarepunished.有些人全然不顧限速規(guī)定，結(jié)果受到處罰。Wordfamily:consequent

a.consequencen.Words&Phrasespiercev.

makeaholeinsomethingbypushingasharpobjectintoit（在身體某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠寶）e.g.Ihadmyearspiercedyearsago.多年前我在耳朵上穿了洞眼。TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:1.Thesoftdropsofrainpiercethehardmarble.水滴石穿。2.Awordisnoarrow,butitcanpiercetheheart.言語雖非箭，卻能刺人心。Words&PhrasesChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.Hishandshookalittleashe______thekeyinthelock.(CET4-2005-06-64)A)squeezedB)insertedC)stuffedD)pierced

Words&PhrasesBearloben.

[C]

thesoftpartatthebottomofyourear耳垂e.g.1.

ItisbelievedIfyouhaveabigthickearlobe,thatmeansyouhavealotofluck.人家通常相信如果你的耳垂又大又厚，那就代表你很有福份。2.Jewelrytoornamenttheearisusuallyclippedtotheearlobeorfastenedthroughaholeinthelobe.裝飾耳朵的珠寶通常是夾到耳垂上或是固定在耳洞上。Words&Phrasesmysteriously

ad.inamysteriousmanner難以解釋地；不可思議地；神秘地；保密地；（尤指）故弄玄虛地Wordfamily:mysterious

a.1)notexplainedorunderstood神秘的；難以解釋的2)keepingthingssecret,especiallyinawaythatmakesotherpeoplewanttodiscoverwhattheyare詭秘的，故弄玄虛的

Words&Phrasese.g.1.Thepoliceareinvestigatingthemysteriousdeathsofchildrenatthehospital.

警察正在調(diào)查醫(yī)院里兒童神秘死亡的原因。2.

Thesenseofhumourismysteriouslyboundupwithnationalcharacteristics.