專八閱讀理解練習(xí)習(xí)題

PAGE7passageOne(ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice)

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned．Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging．Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother．Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall．Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged．Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing．Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute．Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing．Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus．

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandherdertogetahearing．Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement．Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution．Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake．Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme．Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus．Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw．

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems．Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation．'Talk,talk,talk,’theadvocatesofviolencesay,‘a(chǎn)llyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser．’It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge．Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser．‘Possible,mylord,’thebarristerreplied,‘nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed．’Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve．1．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage？

[A]AdvocatingViolence．[B]ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice．[C]ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution．[D]TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence．2．Recordedhistoryhastaughtus___________[A]violenceneversolvesanything．[B]nothing．[C]thebloodshedmeansnothing．[D]everything．3．Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen___________[A]can’tgetahearing．

[B]arelookeddownupon．

[C]arepersecuted．

[D]Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement．

4．“Hewasnonethewiser”means

___________

[A]hewasnotatallwiseinlistening．

[B]Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore．

[C]Hegainsnothingafterlistening．

[D]Hemakesnosenseoftheargument．

5．Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis

___________

[A]lawenforcement．

[B]knowledge．

[C]nonviolence．

[D]Moppinguptheviolentmess．Vocabulary1．a(chǎn)cute嚴(yán)重的，劇烈的，敏銳的2．lootv．搶劫，掠奪；n．贓物3．pillagev．搶劫，掠奪4．crunchv．吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n．碎裂聲eg．whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes．當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。5．war-paint出戰(zhàn)前涂于身上的顏料。（美印第安戰(zhàn)士用）6．cometolight=becomeknown顯露，為人所知7．sap剝削，使傷元?dú)?，破壞Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment．我住院治療幾個(gè)月，大傷元?dú)狻?．mopup擦去，對(duì)付，處理9．wake船跡，航跡inthewakeofsth．=comeafter隨某事之后到來。難句譯注

1．Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall．

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes．當(dāng)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻來到時(shí)。

【參考譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人絕望的是，在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，人們意識(shí)到我們一點(diǎn)兒也沒有進(jìn)步/前進(jìn)。

2．Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake．

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】inthewakeof在…之后?！緟⒖甲g文】由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子，我們的力量因此削弱了。3．Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser．【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】none+the+比較級(jí)。固定用法，義：notatall一點(diǎn)兒也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethebetter．治療后，他并沒有因此見好，（一點(diǎn)兒也不見好）。【參考譯文】聽了律師的長(zhǎng)篇解釋，法官抱怨說他一無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。4．Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom．【參考譯文】知識(shí)是智慧的必要的先決條件。結(jié)合上下文這里意思是：了解情況是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：知識(shí)是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。答案詳解

1．B。暴力難以消除種族偏見。文章一開始就提出有些國(guó)家種族偏見嚴(yán)重，而暴力卻是公認(rèn)的一種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮(zhèn)壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為反抗。而雙方的大人物平靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種合法的解決方案。作者就此指出人類的進(jìn)步只在于表面――衣飾等，人類的本能沒有改變。整個(gè)有記錄歷史的文件沒有教會(huì)人類任何東西。這是真正令人可怕的事件。

第二段論及真正有理智的懂得解決方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人們不停。他們反而收到輕視、迫害。作者就此提出假設(shè)，答出真正的解決方案嗜法制，以法治理。

第三段進(jìn)一步說明“交流、對(duì)話”是了解雙方問題的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假裝要解決的罪惡，是智慧聰明的必要前提。

A．鼓吹暴力。C．雙方重要人物都把暴力作為合法的解決方案。D．人類的本性是嗜暴性。

2．B。沒有什么。第一段中就明確提出整個(gè)人類有記錄歷史又長(zhǎng)又臭的暴力文件記錄，一點(diǎn)都沒有教給我們?nèi)魏螙|西。

A．暴力解決不了任何事情。C．殺戮（流血）沒有任何意義。D．一切。

3．D。在鼓吹法制方面有困難。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。

A．人們不聽。B．遭人輕視。C．遭人迫害。這三項(xiàng)都包含在D項(xiàng)內(nèi)。

4．C。聽后無所得。Nonethewiser一點(diǎn)也不比以前聰明（這是按字面翻譯）。實(shí)際就是C項(xiàng)。

A．在傾聽別人上他一點(diǎn)也不聰明。B．他和以前一個(gè)樣。D．他聽不懂論點(diǎn)。

A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我們?cè)诜傻臉?gòu)架中進(jìn)行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。第二段第二句，他們?cè)獾狡群κ且驗(yàn)樗麄児拇捣ㄖ七@種顯然令人不能容忍的事。

B．知識(shí)。C．非暴力。D．處理暴力帶來的混亂PassageTwo(TheTouristTradeContributesAbsolutelyNothingtoIncreasingUnderstandingbetweenNations)

Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you’dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother’scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgraspThepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn’thavedreamedof.Butwhat’sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother？

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,‘Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites’ofthat‘Latinpeoplesshoutalot’.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou？

Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds!1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis

___________

[A]tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.

[B]Tourismistiresome.

[C]Conductedtourisdull.

[D]tourismreallydoessomethingtoone’scountry.

2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtourism？

[A]apprehensive.

[B]negative.

[C]critical.

[D]appreciative.

3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot？

[A]silent.

[B]noisy.

[C]lively.

[D]active.

4.Thepurposeoftheauthor’scriticismistopointout___________

[A]conductedtourisdisappointing.

[B]thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.

[C]whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.

[D]nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.

5.Whatis‘grandtour’now？

[A]moderatecost.

[B]localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.

[C]peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.

[D]everybodycanenjoythe‘grandtour’.Vocabulary

1.superb卓越的，杰出的，第一流的

2.moderate中庸的，中等的，適度的

3.grandtour大旅行，指舊時(shí)英國(guó)富家子弟教育中，到歐洲大陸觀光的旅行，為學(xué)業(yè)必經(jīng)階段。

4.packagetour由旅行社代辦而費(fèi)用與路線、日程固定的假日旅游。也可用packageholiday。

5.charteredflight包機(jī)航班

6.setouttodosth.=beginajobwithaparticularaim開始做某事，決心/打算做……

7.cosset寵愛，溺愛，縱容

8.conductedtour=guidedtour有人指導(dǎo)/引到下的參觀，有導(dǎo)游的旅游

9.censor檢查10.wanderoff離開原處/正道，離群，漫步，漫游11.quarters住處，營(yíng)12.paella西班牙什錦飯13.chip炸馬鈴薯?xiàng)l（土豆條）14.amorous多情的，色情的15.pedantic學(xué)究式的，賣弄學(xué)問的16.generalization歸納，概括17.stirup惹起，煽動(dòng)，挑起18.trite陳腐的，老一套的難句譯注

1.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgrasp.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】withinsb.’sgrasp.某人理解/了解，為某人所能抓到的。

【參考譯文】一度只有最富有者專享的“大旅行”現(xiàn)在人人都可獲得。

2.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.

【參考譯文】旅行社包辦的旅游，包機(jī)航班決不會(huì)遭人恥笑。

3.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.

【參考譯文】旅行社有意使他們的谷底和當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裆俳佑|。

4.Themoderntouristheadsacossetedshelteredlife.

【參考譯文】現(xiàn)代旅行者過的使愛護(hù)有加與世隔絕的生活。

5.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.

【參考譯文】有人指導(dǎo)下參觀一些靜電收到組織者――旅行社仔細(xì)的檢查核準(zhǔn)。

6.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysbarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】onlytoo+形容詞/分詞=very非常。

【參考譯文】嚴(yán)格致密的計(jì)劃值得旅行者不可能自己一個(gè)人到處閑逛；再說，至少語言總是個(gè)障礙，所以他對(duì)這樣保護(hù)非常高興。