2019屆江蘇省南京市高三9月學(xué)情調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題

頁(yè)頁(yè)第themandfoundthatthecriticismthattheyarepunishingthepoorestinunfounded.Expertsdidasurvey.Theylookedat13countries:Chile,Guatemala,Panama,Nicaragua,Albania,Poland,Turkey,Tajikistan,Tanzania,Niger,Nigeria,IndiaandTimor-Leste.Theyfoundthatwealthierfamiliesgenerallyspendmoreonalcohol,softdrinksandsnacks.InIndia,forinstance,wealthierhouseholdsspentseventimesmoreonalcoholandthreetimesmoreonsoftdrinksandsnackscomparedtopoorerhouseholds.Sothosehouseholdsenduppayingalargerproportionofanytax.Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth.IntheUK,saytheauthors,theresponsetothepossibleintroductionofaminimumpriceforalcoholwasestimatedtobe7.6timeslargerinthepooresthouseholds,comparedwiththewealthiest.InMexico,theintroductionofasugarydrinkstaxresultedinanaverageof4.2litreslessofsoftdrinkspurchasedperperson,witha17%decreaseinpurchasesamonglowerincomegroupsandalmostnochangeinhigherincomegroups.InLebanon,theysay,a50%increaseinthepriceofcigaretteswouldleadtotwiceasmanypeoplequittingsmokinginpoorerhouseholdsaswealthyfamilies.“Theevidencesuggeststhatconcernsabouthighertaxesontobacco,alcohol,andsoftdrinksharmingthepoorareoverstated,”saidDr.RachelNugentfromRTIInternationalinSeattle,USA,andchairoftheLancetTaskforceonNCDsandeconomics.“Somedegreeoftaxationontobaccoiscommoninmanycountries,andwhilewearestartingtoseeprogressonalcoholtaxes,thereismuchmoregovernmentsshouldbedoing一inbothhighandlowincomecountries一toconsiderthecarefulintroductionoftaxesonotherunhealthyproductslikesoftdrinksandsnacks.Pricepoliciessuchastaxeswillbeakeypartoftheresponsetorisingratesofnon-communicablediseases（慢性非傳染?。盩heUKsugartaxisalevyonthemanufacturersof18pperlitrefordrinkscontaining5gofsugarper100mland24ponthosewith8gper100ml.Manycompanieshavereformulatedtheirproducts,oftenswappingartificialsweetenersforsugar.Some一likeCoca-Cola一havedecidedtosticktotheoriginalrecipeandthepricewillrise,althoughthebottlesandcanswillshrinktoreducetheimpact.38．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“sintaxes”?A．Theyreceivewarmwelcomeindevelopingcountries.B．Theyhelppeoplegetridofunhealthylifestyles.C．Theyhavethesameeffectsonthepoorandrich.D．Theyhaveadeeperinfluenceongroupswithhighincome.39．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheresponsesto“sintaxes”?A．Thepublichaveturnedadeafeartoit.B．Thegovernmenthasintroducedtaxesonsnacks.C．Manycompanieshaveraisedthepriceoftheirproducts.D．Coca-Colawillusesmallerpackagestocountertheimpacts.40.Theauthorsupporthisideasinthepassageby.A．givingexamplestellingstoriesanalyzingcausesandeffectsreasoningandconcludingCI'dbelyingifIsaidadog-likerobotopeningadoorforanotherdog-likerobotdoesn'tcreepmeout.Afulldiscussionofrobotdogsisforanotherday,butfornow,researchersstudyingthecognition（認(rèn)知）andwelfareofrealdogshavealessthreateningviewofdogsandtechnology,particularlywhentouchscreensareinvolved.Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.Animalsbothonandofflandcanbetrainedtousetouchscreens—fromchimpanzeestodogs,cats,andevendolphins,amongothers.Touchscreenstudieshaveexploredhowandwhatdogscategorize,theirabilitytolearnbyexclusion（排除），andhowtheydiscriminatebetweendifferentimages.Anaddedbonusisthat,onceadoghasmasteredthetouchscreen,humanscanremovethemselvesfromthestudyandcan'tunconsciouslygivesignalstothedog.Researchersarenowposinganewsetofquestions:aretouchscreensbeneficialtotheuser?Cantouchscreensexercisethedog'smind,inadditiontoservingasawindowintoit?Nobetterplacetostartthanwitholderpetdogs,agroupfacingauniquesetofchallenges.Agingdogscanhavereducedphysicalactivitycomparedtotheiryoungercounterparts.Lessattentionisoftengiventotheirlearning,trainingandothermentalactivities;afterall,whohasn'theardthewrongproverb,“Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks."Butdogmindsarenotmeanttobeinactive.Instead,“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs.”LisaWallisandcolleaguesattheSeniorFamilyDogProjectatELTEUniversityinBudapestareexploringtheeffectsoftouchscreensondogphysiological,behavioral,andcognitivewell-being.Theirrecentconferencepapergivesusalookathowdogslearntousethetouchscreenandthedirectionoffutureresearch.Overthecourseofanumberofsessions,dogslearnedthatwhentheynose-touchaparticularimageonthescreen,afoodtreatpopsout.Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”O(jiān)nlytwooutofonehundredthirtydogswereunabletograspthetask,andthreedisplayedfrustrationsuggestingtouchscreensarewithinthecapacityofthemajorityofseniordogs.Wallisandcolleagueswillcontinueinvestigatinglong-termeffectsoftouchscreenuse,butitseemspromising.“Thepositiveassociationtothetouchscreenissostrongthatonseveraloccasionswhenthedogwasalone(thetrainerhadsteppedouttoanswerthephone),andthefeederfailed,dogscontinuedtoworkonthetouchscreenwithnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.”O(jiān)wners,eventhoseinitiallyskeptical,wereimpressedbythestrategiestheirdogsused.Theyalsoobservedthatdogssleptsoundlyuponreturninghomefromtouchscreensessions,highlightingthatmentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondogpersonality,activitylevels,measuresofwell-being,andinfluenceonthedog-humanbond.Staytuned.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Animalscandecidethecontentshownontouchscreens.B．Animalsnaturallyhavetheabilitytousetouchscreens.C．Peoplecandiscriminatebetweendogs'abilitiesbyexclusion.D．Peoplecantelldogs'needsthroughtheirtouchonthescreen.Byusingtheproverbinparagraph4,theauthorintendstostressA．a(chǎn)gingdogsaretoooldtolearnnewskillagingdogsexperienceadeclineinenergytrainingyoungerdogsismoreproductivetrainingagingdogsispossibleandbeneficialWhatisrevealedbytheresearchconductedbyLisaWallis?Thedogsmasterthetouchscreenusestepbystep.RewardsareamustfordogstofinishthesessionThedogsregardnose-touchasaformofphysicalexercise.D．Itremainstobeseenwhetherithasapositiveeffectondogs.44．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howrobotdogshavethreatenedtheworld.B．Howpeopleestablishbetterdog-humanbonds.C．Howtouchscreenscanbeemployedtotraindogs.D．Howlong-heldmythsaboutdogsmisleadpeople.DOnebyone,prejudicesaredisappearingintheWest.Peoplemayharbourprivatesuspicionsthatotherpeople'sraceorsexmakestheminferior—buttosaysoopenlyistotallytaboo.Oneoldprejudiceremainsrespectable,though.Justaskachildlessperson.Theyarenotchargedtospecialtaxes,astheywereinSovietRussia;noraretheydrivenfromtheirhomes,astheystillareinsomepoorcountries.Thechildlessnonethelesscomeinforalotofcriticism.Somepointoutthatnon-parentsarefailingtoproducethefutureworkerswhowillpayfortheirpensions.Childlesspoliticiansarechargedwithnothavingaproperstake（利害關(guān)系）insociety.“Hetalkstousaboutthefuture,buthedoesn'thavechildren!”complainedJean-MarieLePen,co-founderoftheNationalFrontparty,ofEmmanuelMacron,whowentontowintheFrenchpresidency.SimilarattacksonTheresaMayandAngelaMerkelalsofailed—butresearchersfindthatmanyvotersquietlyagree.Thechargesagainstthechildlessshouldbethrownout,alongwithothersocialprejudice.Inmanyrichcountries,between15%and20%ofwomen,andaslightlyhigherproportionofmen,willnothavechildren.Theshareisrising.Somehavemedicalproblems;othersdonotmeettherightpersonintime;stillothersdecidetheydonotwantthem.Whateverthecause,theattacksonthechildlessarebaseless.Ifnon-breedersareselfish,theyhaveastrangewayofshowingit.Theyaremorelikelytosetupcharitablefoundationsthanpeoplewithchildren,andmuchmorelikelytodonatemoneytogoodcauses.AccordingtooneAmericanestimate,themerefactofnothavingchildrenraisestheamountapersonleavestocharitybyalittleover$10,000.Thechildlessarethusasmallbutusefulcounterweighttotheworld'sparents,whostopsocialimmobilitybypassingontheirsocialandeconomicadvantagestotheirchildren.Thefactthatsomanyseniorpoliticianslackoffspring（子孫）oughttoputtoresttheideathattheydonotcareforsociety.FiveoftheG7countriesareledbychildlessmenandwomen.Mr.Macron,Mrs.May,Mrs.Merkel,ShinzoAbeandPaoloGentilonihavetheirfaults,buttheyarenotnotablylessablethanJustinTrudeau（whohasthreechildren）letaloneDonaldTrump（whohasfive）.Theiropportunitiesfornepotism（裙帶關(guān)系）arelimited.Andtheysparetheircountriesdynasticpolitics.Thechargethatchildlesspeoplefailtopulltheirweightinpopulationiscorrect,butislessseriousthanitappears.Thosewhodonothavechildrendoputpressureonpublicpensionsystems.Governmentshavetodounpopularthingslikemakingpensionslessgenerous,asJapanhasdone,oracceptingmoreimmigrants,assomeWesterncountrieshavedone.Buttosustain（維持）publicpensionsinthelongterm,countriesdonotactuallyneedmoreparents.Whattheyneedinsteadismorebabies.Itispossibletocombineahighrateofchildlessnesswithahighbirthrate,providedpeoplewhobecomeparentshavemorethanoneortwochildren.ThatwasthepatterninmanyWesterncountriesacenturyago.Ireland,yetanothercountrywithachildlessleader,stillmanagesittoday.Thechildlessalsodoeveryoneelseafavourbycreatingwonderfulworksofart.Britishnovelistshavebeenespeciallylikelytohavenooffspring:thinkofHilaryMantel,P.G.WodehouseandtheBrontesisters.InSeptemberlastyearBritainputJaneAustenonitsten-poundnote.Thatdecisionhaswascontroversial,thoughitwashardtoseewhy.Fewpeoplehavewrittenasshrewdly（出神入化）aboutmoneyoraboutfamilies—eventhoughAustendidnotmarry,andhadnochildren.45．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thechildlessoftengetpunishedinsociety.B．Thechildlessoftencomeundersharpcriticism.C．MostsuccessfulpoliticianshavenochildrenD．Childlessnessaffectstheresultofanelection.Thechildlessareprejudicedbecausepeoplethinkthechildless.A．haveastrangewaytoshowselfishnesssetabadexampleforyoungpeoplearenotasableasthosewithchildrenarethegovernment'sfinancialburdenWhatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph6referto?Acceptingmoreimmigrants.Reducingthepensionsfortheaged.Encouragingparentstohavemorechildren.Supportingthepoliticalleaderswithnochildren.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthechildless?UnderstandingB.SkepticalC.DisappointedD.ReservedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?①to⑦representParagraphs1to7）i-J-Bi-J-B.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?IndefenceofthechildlessInhopeofhavingachildornotReasonsfornothavingchildrenMeasurestoaddressagingproblems第II卷（非選擇題）四、任務(wù)型閱讀請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案謝在答題紙上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上，每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。Hearingloss,that'sanolderperson'sproblem,right?Thinkagain.Noise,notage,istheleadingcauseofhearingloss.Whilehearingproblemsarecommonamongolderfolks,damagefromeverydaynoiseisgrowingamongyoungerAmericans,includingthoseintheirteensand20s.ThelatestresearchfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDCP）showssome40millionAmericansages20to69sufferinghearingdamagefromeverydayloudnoise,includingheavytraffic,noisyrestaurants,rockconcerts,sportingeventsandloudmusicviaearbuds（耳塞）.Among12-to19-year-olds,researchersestimatesome17percentshowevidenceofnoise-inducedhearinglossinoneorbothears.Worse,manyAmericansdon'tevenrealizetheirhearinghasbeenaffected.IntheCDCP'sanalysisofmorethan3,500hearingtests,oneoutoffouradultsclaimedtheirhearingwasjustfineandreportednojob-relatednoise,yethearingtestsindicatedtheyalreadyhadnoise-inducedhearingloss.Thistypeofdamagecausesaalarmingdropintheabilitytohearhigh-pitchedsounds,anditwasevidentinthoseasyoungas20.“Wehavegovernmentstandardsintheworkplacetoprotectworkersfromnoise,butnothingprotectsyoufromasocietygettingnoisiereveryyear,”saysaudiologistJackScott,oftheCenterforAudiology,Speech,Language,andLearningatNorthwesternUniversity.Eveninprotectedparksandwildlifeareas,arecentstudyfoundthatnoisepollutionfromtraffic,logginganddrillinghasdoubled,drowningoutthenaturalsoundsofbirdsandrushingwater.SarahSydlowski,theaudiologydirectorofthehearingimplantprogramattheClevelandClinic,putstheproblemthisway:“Thebabyboomergenerationisdealingwithskincancerfromthetanningtheydidasteens.Thisgenerationwillhavetodealwiththeconsequencesofnoiseexposurethatdamagedtheirhearing.”Manyyoungadultsdon'trealizethathearinglossispermanent.Whenloudnoisekillsthesensitiveinner-earcellsthatallowustohear,theydon'tregenerate.“Thehearingyouhavewhenyou'rebornisallyouget.Thosecellscan'tbereplaced,”saysSydlowskisays.“Andthedamageiscumulative(累積的),”addsScott.Themoreoftentheearsareexposedtodamagingnoise,themorecellsdie,leadingtodamagedhearingdaybyday.Partofthereasonhearingdamageisshowingupearlieristoday'simprovedportabledevices.Thesoundlevel28yearsagofromtheWalkman,withitsweakheadphones,wasmuchlowerthantoday'shigh-fidelitysmartphoneswithearbudsthatdeliverloudersoundmuchclosertotheeardrum.Astudythatcomparedhearingtestsofteensfoundthelevelsofmildhearinglossjumped30percent.Butdon'tjustblametheearbuds,saysSydlowski.Peopleunderestimatewhatasafelevelofsoundis,“especiallywhenthey'realreadyinanoisyenvironment.”BothsheandScottsayacommonproblemamongtheiryoungerpatientsisturningupthesoundintheirearbudstomaskthenoisearoundthem.Toprotectyourhearing,followthesetips:Turndownthevolume.Ifyou'relisteningtomusicthroughyourearbuds,“anyvolumelevelhigherthan50percentisrisky,”saysSydlowki.Limityourexposure.Donotattendfitnessclasseswithdeafeningmusic(oratleastmoveawayfromthespeakers,advisesSydlowski)andsportsstadiumswithear-splittingcrowdnoise.

Till武TroubledbyHearingLossCurrentItisexposuretonoise=insteadofasingthat.tohearinsloss.Thereisa.3thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearesufferinghearingloss.Findingsofthelatestresearc±LkenEger眞xged12to193業(yè)icwsymptom百ofpoorhearing—ManyAmericanadultsare4thattheydosufferfromhearinglosscausedbyjob-relatednoise=.OpinionsfromspecialistsJadeScottPeoplecanhardlyset5v^ienfacedwithworseningnoisepollution.Natui-alsoundscarTtbe.6becauseofdoublednoise.SarahSy<Hoxv±iInner-earcells.7ustohear.canTtbereproduoed.Moreover,hearingdatmgewillaccumulategradually.AnalvsesofreasonsHisliciualitYearbudsjtcKfor<feliver^rofloudersound.Ignorantofa.safelevelofsound,listenerswilltumupthevolumetoma^knoisesurroundinsthem,9evenmoredamage.Approadi^stoprotectinghearingLowingyouivolumetoaproperlevel.10places,withear-splittingerod'dnoise.五、讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面有關(guān)有聲讀物”(audiobooks)的圖表及相關(guān)文字，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。Anaudiobookisarecordingofatextbeingread.Audiobooksareconsideredavaluabletool.Digitalinnovationisn'tjustchangingthewayaudiobooksarecreated,packagedandsold.It'sstartingtoreshapethewayreadersconsumeliterature.Likemanyyoungpeople,TonyChou,a25-year-oldsoftwareengineerinShanghai,neverusedtoreadmuch.Hebarelycrackedabookincollegeandwouldreadoneortwoayearonvacation,atmost.Butinthepastyear,he'sfinished10books.HelistenstoaudioinpiecesthroughoutthedayonhisiPhoneduringhismorningworkout,onhis20-minute-triptowork,andwhilehe'scookingdinnerorcleaningup.Beforehefallsasleep,heswitchestoane-bookofthesamestoryonhisKindle,andstartsreadingrightwherethenarratorleftoff.有聲瀆物的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模（寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容）用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；閱讀有聲讀物受歡迎的原因（不少于兩點(diǎn)）；3?聯(lián)系實(shí)際，談?wù)勀阍敢庾x傳統(tǒng)讀物還是有聲讀物，并簡(jiǎn)述理由。（寫(xiě)作要求）1?寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句；2?作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。（評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。2019屆江蘇南京高三零模學(xué)情調(diào)研英語(yǔ)答案1．A【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由題干可知，改題只需判斷動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的先后關(guān)系：有著薰衣草花海的迷人風(fēng)貌，谷里變成了南京著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。由此可知，表述一般的情況，BC表示將來(lái)，D表示已經(jīng)，只有A表示一般情況，故選A。2．C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。根據(jù)句意：剛剛我撞見(jiàn)了TayorSwift（著名歌手），我有點(diǎn)激動(dòng)（失去控制力）。A.Givenup放棄；B.havetheirhandsup舉起手來(lái)；C.carriedaway拿走，失去自制力；D.drivenaway趕走，離開(kāi)。故選Co3．D【解析】考查諺語(yǔ)辨析。句意：西班牙國(guó)家足球隊(duì)是如此卓越以致于能夠把我們打敗。A.gettheirhandsdirty親自動(dòng)手；B.havetheirhandsfull忙的不可開(kāi)交；C.laytheirhandsonus找到某人或某物；D.beatushandsdown打敗某人。故選D。4．A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：多么幸運(yùn)呀！斯皮爾伯格（美國(guó)著名導(dǎo)演，的下一部電影中獲得主演的角色。A.landed著陸；B.lost失去；C.arranged安排；D.accepted接受。故選A。5．B【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。句意：根據(jù)他們對(duì)待家養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的方式。A.inneedof需要；B.inviewof以看來(lái)，考慮到；C.insearchof尋找；D.infavourof支持。故選B。6．D【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。首先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容初步判斷為三大從句之名從或定從，橫線引導(dǎo)從句，主句不缺成分：定從或同位語(yǔ)。顧后：定從中不缺成分找關(guān)系副詞，排除A與C。瞻前：先行詞是aculture，抽象地點(diǎn)名詞，因此選D。句意：這個(gè)公司需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造一種文化，在這種文化中，人們認(rèn)為忙里偷閑也是可以的。故選D。7．C【解析】考查形容詞以及短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：如果我們僅僅專注于我們未來(lái)想成為的樣子，我們可能會(huì)對(duì)沿途的機(jī)會(huì)視而不見(jiàn)。A.beequalto等于，勝任；B.becloseto靠近，接近；C.beblindto對(duì)不了解；D.beopento對(duì)開(kāi)放。故選C。8．D【解析】考查副詞的辨析。句意：你說(shuō)你是無(wú)辜的，但是我們也有充足的理由在其他方面作考慮。A.twice兩次，兩倍；B.over結(jié)束，越過(guò)；C.aloud大聲地；D.otherwise否則，另外。故選D。9．B【解析】考查名詞。句意：北京的網(wǎng)站是中國(guó)園林設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)的杰出表現(xiàn)。A.distinction區(qū)別；B.expression表情；C.inspiration靈感；D.evaluation評(píng)估。故選B。10．A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：公司開(kāi)始在倫敦增加專輯的銷量。A.expanding擴(kuò)大；B.exploring探索；C.exporting出口；D.expecting期盼。故選A。11．A【解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：看到北京2022年如何利用其潛力最大限度地利用現(xiàn)有場(chǎng)館，這是非常令人鼓舞的。A.how如何，怎樣；B.why為什么；C.when什么時(shí)候；D.whether是否。故選A.12．D【解析】考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：威爾斯先生被扶上了講臺(tái)，接受了這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，他看起來(lái)就像是被閃電擊中了一樣。此處asif（好像）引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)he和strike之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為D。13．B【解析】考查連詞。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)40年的改革開(kāi)放，中國(guó)在成為“發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體”之前還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。A.until直到為止；B.before在之前；C.after在之后；D.unless除非。故選B。14．C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：上海合作組織的成立，已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的認(rèn)可和贊譽(yù)，旨在建立友好的國(guó)際關(guān)系。此處which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，ThefoundingofShanghaiCooperationOrganization是主語(yǔ)，單數(shù)第三人稱形式，結(jié)合句意定語(yǔ)從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故選Co15．C【解析】考查情景交際。句意：——看這樣一場(chǎng)無(wú)聊的比賽真是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間！——我也這么認(rèn)為。為什么不換臺(tái)呢？A.It'snobigdeal沒(méi)什么了不起的；B.Withyourpermission未經(jīng)許可；C.Myfeelingsexactly我也這么認(rèn)為；D.You'vegottobekidding你一定是在開(kāi)玩笑吧。故選C。16．B17．A18．D19．A20．B21．A22．B23．D24．C25．A26．C27．A28．C29．B30．D31．C32．D33．B34．A35．C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。野花在山上的草地上是大自然的饋贈(zèng)，主人公小時(shí)候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)大上了大學(xué)，在大學(xué)里又一次找到了大自然的快樂(lè)。主人公說(shuō)服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議。因此每當(dāng)我們?cè)诟咚俟飞下眯械臅r(shí)候，都能看到路邊美麗的風(fēng)景，這點(diǎn)亮了我們的旅行?？疾槊~。A.streets街道；B.highways高速公路；C.roads公路；D.lanes線路。根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段可知，這些野花還盛開(kāi)在高速公路的兩邊。故選B?？疾槊~。A.helper幫助者；B.discoverer發(fā)現(xiàn)者；C.creator創(chuàng)造者；D.protector保護(hù)器。根據(jù)后文可知，主人公幫助大自然讓這些野花盛開(kāi)。故選A?？疾槊~oA.liberty自由;B.traffic交通;C.justice正義;D.beauty美麗。根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空應(yīng)該是“美”，故選D?？疾樾稳菰~。A.lonely孤獨(dú)的，荒涼的；B.exciting令人興奮的；C.happy高興的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)后文描述，主人公媽媽去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求學(xué)，只剩下主人公一個(gè)人，很孤獨(dú)。故選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞。A.wasted浪費(fèi)；B.spent花費(fèi)，度過(guò)；C.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.killed殺死。主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配：sb.spendtimesth./doingsth.故選B?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)后文描述，主人公媽媽去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求學(xué)，只剩下主人公一個(gè)人很孤獨(dú)。因此只能把自己的孤獨(dú)向大自然排遣，尋求大自然的陪伴。故選Ao考查名詞。A.aid援助；B.company公司；C.rescue營(yíng)救；D.happiness高興。根據(jù)小題6的解析，可知主人公很孤獨(dú)，只能尋求大自然的陪伴。故選Bo考查動(dòng)詞。A.ignored忽視；B.scared使害怕；C.troubled使煩惱；D.failed失敗。Sth.failsb.某事使某人失敗。故選D。考查副詞。A.Absolutely絕對(duì)地；B.Naturally自然地；C.Again又，再；D.Often經(jīng)常。根據(jù)前文可知，主人公小時(shí)候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快樂(lè)，現(xiàn)在長(zhǎng)大上了大學(xué)，在大學(xué)里又一次找到了大自然的快樂(lè)。故選C。考查名詞。A.date日期；B.try嘗試；C.vote投票；D.appearance外貌。propose意為求婚，date意為約會(huì)，在他們第一次約會(huì)就求婚了，故選A。C考查動(dòng)詞。A.shapes使成形；B.serves服務(wù)；C.selects選擇；D.supports支持。根據(jù)后文，主人公說(shuō)這個(gè)唯一的男人選擇了第一夫人。故選Co考查形容詞。A.unlikely不太可能的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.unusual不尋常的；D.uncertain不確定的。當(dāng)這個(gè)男人求婚的時(shí)候，他不可能想到這個(gè)女人就是后來(lái)的第一夫人，很多學(xué)生會(huì)誤選D項(xiàng)uncertain，根據(jù)我們剛才的分析，把這句話翻譯成中文自然意思就明了了。故選A。考查形容詞。A.sudden突然的；B.complete完整的；C.gradual逐漸的；D.final最后的。由于土地發(fā)展和污染，’“AmericatheBeautiful”正在逐漸消失，故選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞。A.warned警告；B.persuade規(guī)勸；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.ordered命令。persuadesb.todosth.主人公說(shuō)服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議。故選Bo考查動(dòng)詞。A.lengthen加長(zhǎng)；B.widen加寬；C.monitor監(jiān)控；D.landscape對(duì)做景觀美化。Landscape名詞做動(dòng)詞，意為美化，故選Do考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A.letout放出，泄露；B.foundout找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.pointedout指出；D.figuredout解決，想出。根據(jù)本句句意，主人公指出后面的的觀點(diǎn)，故選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞。A.visited拜訪；B.left離開(kāi)；C.passed通過(guò)；D.crossed交叉。這里運(yùn)用了擬人的說(shuō)法，野花比如蒲公英可以通過(guò)粘在火車車輪上，甚至是躲在孩子們的口袋里，傳播遍及整個(gè)國(guó)家。此題不少同學(xué)會(huì)選A，visit意為參觀，本句重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)野花可以通過(guò)各種日常生活中的媒介傳播遍及整個(gè)國(guó)家。故選D?？疾楦痹~。A.then然后；B.even甚至；C.yet已經(jīng)；D.still仍然。這里運(yùn)用了擬人的說(shuō)法，野花比如蒲公英可以通過(guò)粘在火車車輪上，甚至是躲在孩子們的口袋里，傳播遍及整個(gè)國(guó)家。故選B?？疾槊~。A.wildflowers野花；B.wagons手推車；C.roadsides路邊；D.travels旅行。主旨題，根據(jù)全文可知此空為wildflowers，故選A。考查動(dòng)詞。A.decide決定；B.guide引導(dǎo)；C.brighten使閃亮；D.shorten縮短。根據(jù)全文可知，主人公說(shuō)服總統(tǒng)去提出高速公路美化倡議，因此每當(dāng)我們?cè)诟咚俟飞下眯械臅r(shí)候，都能看到路邊美麗的風(fēng)景，這點(diǎn)亮了我們的旅行。故選Co【點(diǎn)睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)學(xué)會(huì)“推理”出最佳選項(xiàng)。同學(xué)們要遵循“上下求索”的原則來(lái)查找信息。本題第3小題，根據(jù)后文倒數(shù)第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空應(yīng)該是“美”。CD【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是美國(guó)人民的食物缺乏情況。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中18.7%ofMississippipiansarefoodinsecure(Highestrateofallstates)可知，在美國(guó)所有的州中，密西西比州的糧食不安全狀況最為嚴(yán)重。故選Co主旨大意題。文章主要講的是美國(guó)人民的食物缺乏情況，表格右側(cè)一列和最后一行都在呼吁人們?yōu)榻鉀Q食物缺乏做出一些貢獻(xiàn)，故選DoA選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是警告；B選項(xiàng)是幫助貧苦人民脫離貧困；C選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是通知，均不符合題意。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDA【解析】本文是一篇議論文。這篇文章在論述的是：增加某些垃圾食品的稅收可以幫助人們改掉一些不好的生活習(xí)慣。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比。根據(jù)第三段第一句Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth?根據(jù)本句提示可知在一些收入較低家庭，這個(gè)稅收幫助他們減少垃圾食品的購(gòu)買，從而保護(hù)了自身健康；而人們之所以拒絕購(gòu)買是因?yàn)槎愂仗岣咂仁顾麄冞@么做，易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)A選項(xiàng)warmwelcome則表示人們是自覺(jué)自愿地去拒絕，因此錯(cuò)誤；而C和D根據(jù)本句也可以排除。故選Bo細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1小題及文章，人們對(duì)此是有相應(yīng)的行為變化的，人們減少了這些食品的購(gòu)買，所以排除；B選項(xiàng)根據(jù)第二段，某些國(guó)家只是將taxesonsugarydrinks介紹進(jìn)他們的國(guó)家，B選項(xiàng)以偏概全；C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在haveraised，文章中只是講到作者在調(diào)查稅收提高對(duì)國(guó)家的影響，文章中并沒(méi)有明確指出國(guó)家增加商品價(jià)格；D選項(xiàng)定位到原文的最后一段最后一句中，故選Do作者觀點(diǎn)題。文章作者提出自己的觀點(diǎn)，增加某些垃圾食品的稅收可以幫助人們改掉一些不好的生活習(xí)慣，后文中的分段都是在論證自己的觀點(diǎn)，因此答案選擇A(作者通過(guò)舉例子的方法論證)。DD43．A44．C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述的是“如何使用觸摸屏來(lái)訓(xùn)練狗狗?！奔?xì)節(jié)理解題?？梢圆捎门懦ㄈプ?。A選項(xiàng)decide明顯不對(duì)，動(dòng)物不能決定觸摸屏上出現(xiàn)的東西；B選項(xiàng)naturally不對(duì)，根據(jù)第二段第三行trained可知，動(dòng)物的這種觸屏能力不是天生的；C選項(xiàng)人們可以用排除法來(lái)區(qū)分狗的能力與原文中theirabilitytolearnbyExclusion信息不符合；D選項(xiàng)人們可以通過(guò)動(dòng)物的觸屏行為來(lái)了解他們的需求可以在第二段開(kāi)頭Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.中得到印證。故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs."腦力和體力上的刺激能夠延緩衰老，因此訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程對(duì)于老狗來(lái)說(shuō)是有益的且也是可能的。故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段中Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”能夠判斷出研究者在屏幕上放一張圖像，而后又放兩張圖像讓狗判斷正誤。由此可以推斷出研究者是循序漸進(jìn)地讓狗掌握觸屏使用。根據(jù)第七段第四行中withnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.可以排除B答案；根據(jù)第七段最后一行中mentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.可以排除C答案；根據(jù)第七段第二行可以排除D。故選A。主旨大意題。抓住本文的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)“狗和觸屏”可以直接選出C答案。根據(jù)全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判斷出C答案。A/B/D基本與原文沒(méi)有關(guān)系。故選C?！军c(diǎn)睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開(kāi)頭再看全文找主題句，若無(wú)明顯主題句，就通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞句來(lái)概括（如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動(dòng)詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞）。文中出現(xiàn)兩種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。本題第4小題，抓住本文的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)“狗和觸屏”可以直接選出C答案。根據(jù)全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判斷出C答案。A/B/D基本與原文沒(méi)有關(guān)系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDCABA【解析】本文是一篇議論文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社會(huì)上受到的一些偏見(jiàn)和批判，并為無(wú)子女的人辯護(hù)。段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第2、3行可知，這一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社會(huì)上受到的一些偏見(jiàn)和批判。A選項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)言過(guò)度夸大了這種現(xiàn)象；C、D選項(xiàng)只是這一段當(dāng)中提到的某個(gè)方面，并不能概括這一段的內(nèi)容。故選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族沒(méi)有子女為他們支付養(yǎng)老金，從而增加了政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，因此D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一種假設(shè)，與文章主旨相矛盾；B項(xiàng)并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句話和第五、七段的舉例說(shuō)明丁克一族在某些方面不遜色于尋常父母，甚至比他們更優(yōu)秀，所以C項(xiàng)不正確，故選D。詞義指代題。愛(ài)爾蘭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人雖然是丁克，但是這個(gè)國(guó)家卻把it運(yùn)用的很好。通過(guò)it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的內(nèi)容在前文中，因此鎖定范圍Itispossibleacenturyago.前文中的pattern指的就是將高的丁克率和高出生率相結(jié)合，鼓勵(lì)父母多生育。故選Co48．推理判斷題。通過(guò)第三段的第一句話和最后一段的第一句話作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)對(duì)于丁克一族的指控和偏見(jiàn)應(yīng)該被消除，而且他們對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)是客觀存在的，因此可以判斷作者對(duì)于丁克一族的態(tài)度是理解體諒的。故選Ao宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章1、2兩段描述的是丁克一族受到偏見(jiàn)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，第3段是作者對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的看法，第4、5、6、7段當(dāng)中，作者分別通過(guò)丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增長(zhǎng)、藝術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)方面的作用舉例論證。故選Bo主旨題。根據(jù)第5小題文章的結(jié)構(gòu)可以推斷出，作者是在為受到偏見(jiàn)的丁克一族做辯護(hù)，并舉例進(jìn)行論證。C選項(xiàng)的表述過(guò)于片面；B/D偏離主旨。故選Ao【點(diǎn)睛】代詞指代題要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的邏輯關(guān)系、判斷畫(huà)線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對(duì)象，包括考查it（指動(dòng)物，無(wú)生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them（指代人、物、事件的復(fù)數(shù)名詞），he/she等人稱代詞的指代意義，以及指示代詞this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意義，考查同學(xué)們對(duì)文章