版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
SPCforTestSystem§GaugeR&RSPCforTestSystem§GaugeR&R有多少個黑點?有多少個黑點?這些橫線是不是平行的?這些橫線是不是平行的?是靜的還是動的?是靜的還是動的?三個正方形三個正方形幾何謎題幾何謎題沒有適當?shù)牧繙y工具就無法管理品質(zhì)!!沒有適當?shù)牧繙y工具比較式絕對式待測量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息標準值顯示量測儀量測之種類待測量標準量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息轉(zhuǎn)換訊息比測儀顯示轉(zhuǎn)換放大比較式待測量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息標準值顯示量測儀量測之種類待測量標準量轉(zhuǎn)BasicConceptsEveryProcessproducea“Product”.EveryproductpossessesQualities(Features)EveryQualityFeatureCanbemeasuredTotalVariation=ProductVariation+MeasurementVariationSomeVariationInherentinSystemDesign.SomeVariationisduetoaFaultyperformanceoftheSystem(s).BasicConceptsEveryProcessprComponentsofMeasurementSystemEquipmentorGageTypeofGage:Attribute:go-nogo,visionsystemsVariable:calipers,probe,coordinatemeasurementmachinesUnitofMeasurement-discriminationAtleast1/10of6*processstandarddeviation(6s)Otherrules:atleast1/10oftoleranceOperator&OperatingInstructionsPartlocatingororientationschemeagagemustbeabletoconsistentlylocatethepartbeingmeasured.ComponentsofMeasurementSystTermsYouShouldKnow?Measurementsystem:
Thecollectionofoperations,procedures,gagesandpersonnelusetoobtainmeasurementsofworkpiececharacteristics?Gage:
Adeviceusedtoobtainmeasurements?Repeatability:
Repeatability(Precision)Thevariationinmeasurementobtainedwithonemeasurementinstrumentwhenusedbyoneoperatortomeasure.)anidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.(EV:EquipmentVariation?Reproducibility:
Thevariationintheaverageofthemeasurementsmadebydifferentoperatorsusingthesamemeasurementinstrumentwhenmeasuringidenticalcharacteristicsonthesamepart.(AV:AppraiserVariation)TermsYouShouldKnow?MeasureTermsYouShouldKnow?Bias:
Thedifferencebetweentheobservedaverageofmeasurementsandthereferencevalue.?PercentR&R:
Thepercentageofprocessvariationrelatedtothemeasurementsystemforrepeatabilityandreproducibility?Stability:
Thetotalvariationinthemeasurementsobtainedwithameasurementsystemonthesamemasterorpartswhenmeasuringsinglecharacteristicsoveranextendedtimeperiod.?Linearity:
Thedifferenceinthebiasvaluesthroughtheexpectedoperatingrangeofthegage.TermsYouShouldKnow?Bias:T1.AccuracyDifferencebetweenthetrueaverageandtheobservedaverage(trueaveragemaybeobtainedusingamoreprecisemeasuringtool)1.AccuracyDifferencebetween2.ReproducibilityVariationinaverageofmeasurementsmadebydifferentoperatorsusingthesamegagemeasuringthesamepart.AppraiserVariation(AV)2.ReproducibilityVariationin3.Repeatability(Precision)Randomvariationinmeasurementswhenoneoperatorusesthesamegagetomeasurethesamepartseveraltimes.EquipmentVariation(EV)3.Repeatability(Precision)Ra4.StabilityDifferenceintheaverageofatleast2setsofmeasurementsobtainedwithagageasaresultoftime.4.StabilityDifferenceinthePrecisionandAccuracyPrecisionandAccuracyAccuracyandStabilityMeasuresamepartsusingamorepreciseinstrument(Accuracy).
Measuresamepartsusingthesamegageatalaterdate(StabilityorDrift).AccuracyandStabilityMeasureMeasurementSystemVariablesMeasurementSystemVariablesPossibleSourcesofProcess
VariationPossibleSourcesofProcess
VaSourcesofMeasurementErrorSystematicVariations1.accuracy:impropercalibrationofequipment2.reproducibility:differentoperatorsusingsameequipmentwithdifferenttechniquesRandomVariations3.repeatability:(forexample,inconsistentpartlocating)PeriodicVariations4.stability:wear,deterioration,environmentalconditionsSourcesofMeasurementErrorSyTheGR&RDesignModelSupposemultipleoperators,measuremultiplepartsseveraltimeseach.Then:
Intermsofthegageperformance,between-operatorreproducibility
isduetotheoperatoreffectandtheoperator*partinteraction.Within-operator
repeatability
isfromthepureerrorterm.TheGR&RDesignModelSupposemTheComponentsofVarianceTheComponentsofVarianceMeasurementError–GageR&RMeasurementError–GageR&RAveragesANOVAanalysisbeginswiththecalculationofallrelevantaverages.Here’sanexample:AveragesANOVAanalysisbeginsTypesofGageErrorandAnalysis
Methods:Accuracy–GageAccuracy(Bias)StudyGageLinearityStudy.Repeatability&ReproducibilityGageR&R(Methods:X-bar/RangeorANOVA)RepeatedMeasurementStudyRepeatability–Static&DynamicStudyStability–RepeatedMeasurementsTypesofGageErrorandAnalysVariancePartitioningThetotalvarianceoftheGR&Rdataispartitionedintocomponentsaccordingtothemodel.Variancesadd,soallpartitionedpiecessumtothetotaldatavariance!VariancePartitioningThetotalTwoWayAnovaTableTwoWayAnovaTableGageR&RAcceptanceTodetermineacceptability,aratioistypicallyformedcomparinggagevariationtoeither:GageR&R%ofToleranceWidthGageR&R%ofTotalVariation6s-represents99.73%ofvaluesifnormaldistribution5.15s-represents99%ofvaluesifnormaldistributionGageR&RAcceptanceTodeterminCriteriaforEvaluatingGageR&RGageR&R%-TVorR&R%-ToleranceifR&R%is:<10%=measurementsystemisacceptable10-30%=measurementsystemmaybeacceptablebaseduponimportanceofapplication,gagecost,costofrepairs..>30%=measurementsystemneedsimprovementCriteriaforEvaluatingGageRConductingaGageR&RStudy1.Plantheapproach–Whatisnatureofoperatorandmeasurementinteraction?–Reproducibilitycanbenegligiblesometimes.2.Select3welltrainedoperators3.Select10partsfortest,Selectsamplepartsshouldrepresententirenormalproductionrange.(Prefercoverthedistributionof+/-4sigma)4.Repeatmeasureeachparts3times.5.Takemeasurementsinrandomorder.6.Takeblindmeasurement?Personmeasuringdoesn’tknowwhichpieceisbeingmeasured,whatpreviousmeasurementswere,orwhatotherappraisersfound.ConductingaGageR&RStudy1.ConductingaGageR&RStudy7.Recordallmeasurementsonworksheet.8.Calculatetrialrangeforeachpieceforeachoperatorandrecordvalues,calculateR&R(squarerootofthesumofthesquaresoftherepeatabilityandreproducibility).9.Keepthestandardparts&itsreadingfor“EquipmentCorrelation“purposeConductingaGageR&RStudy7.GuidelinesForGaugeR&RAcceptanceUnder10%Error:Acceptable10%~30%Error:MaybeAcceptabledependingontheimportanceoftheapplication.Over30%error:ImprovementisneededGuidelinesForGaugeR&RAccepGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyAnovaMethodExampleAnovaMethodExampleEquipmentCalibrationBySimpleLinearityModel(Y=mX+b)
EquipmentCalibrationSelectionofStandardUnitsSetupabout10pcsstandardunitswhichcancovertheoverallspreadofnormalproduction.Prefer2rejectunitbeyondupper/lowerspec.AgingallunitsFindstandardreadingSelectionofStandardUnitsSetRegressionAnalysis:EquipmentvsStandardMeasureStandardunitoneachindividualtestequipmentseveraltimes.TaketheaverageofmeasurementdataforeachunitRegressionAnalysis;EquipmentReadingvsStandardReading.Ifcorrelationcoefficient>90%,thencalculatetheslopeandoff-setpertestm/c.Ifcorrelationcoefficient<90%,findthereason.TestResult=ActualReadingXSlope+OffsetRegressionAnalysis:EquipmenMeasurementDataofStandardSets
@eachTestMachineMeasurementDataofStandardSRegressionAnalysisRegressionAnalysisAddTranslationKeyAfterCorrection=ReadingXSlope+OffsetTestresultbecomecloseramongtestmachines.Slope/OffsetperTestEquipmentAddTranslationKeyAfterCorreEquipmentLongTermStabilityTestEquipmentlongtermstabilitycanbecheckedbytesting1~3workingstandardunitspereachtimebeforeoperatorusethattestmachineandplotthetestresultsonaSPCchart.EquipmentLongTermStabilityComputingKappa
(GR&RTestForvisualinspector)ComputingKappa
(GR&RTestFKappaCoefficient(Cohen,1960)SzBpOtherni.pi.Sz106.53(78).39104120.6BP2228.14(15).0751060.3Other2126.03(2).0120.1n.j1305020200p.j.65.25.11Rater2Rater
1pi.xp.i .39 .075 .01?Highreliabilityrequiresthatthefrequenciesalongthediagonalshouldbe>chanceandoffdiagonalfrequenciesshouldbe<chance.?Usemarginalfrequencies/probabilitiestoestimatechanceagreement.
Proportionagreementobserved,po=∑ipii=1/n∑iniiProportionagreementexpectedbychance,pc=∑ipi.xp.i
po-
pc
1-pcKappa,K=po=.53+.14.03=.7pc=.39+.075+.01=.475
.7-.475
K=1-.475
=.429
K=1,perfectagreementK=0,chanceagreementK<0,agreementworsethanchance.KappaCoefficient(Cohen,1960KappaCoefficient(Cohen,1960)Proportionagreementobserved,po=∑ipii=1/n∑iniiProportionagreementexpectedbychance,pc=∑ipi.xp.iKappaCoefficient(Cohen,1960Select20goodand20badpartsHaveeachinspectorinspecteachofthepartsandrecordwhetherit“Passed”or“Failed”;capturedataina“KappaStudyDataTable”.Performthestudysuchthateachinspectordoesnotknowwhattheotherinspector’sresultsare.Convertthedataintoproportionsandpopulatea“KappaContingencyTable(a)ComputeKappa=(Pobserved-Pchance)/(1-Pchance)(b)Pobservedistheproportionofunitsonwhichbothinspectionsagree(c)Pchanceistheproportionofagreementsexpectedbychanced.Kappashallbe>0.75.IfKappais<0.75,themeasurementsystemmustbeimprovedbeforeacceptingorrejectingparts.ComputingKappa(GR&RTestForvisualinspector)Select20goodand20badpartExampleofComputingKappaExampleofComputingKappaExampleofComputingKappaProportionagreementobservedProportionagreementexpectedbychanceK=P(agreement|noagreementbychance)1-pc=1-0.503=0.497ofcaseswherenoagreementbychancepo-pc=0.825–0.503=0.322ofcasesarethosenon-chanceagreementcaseswhereobserversagreed.ExampleofComputingKappaProp&&SPCforTestSystem§GaugeR&RSPCforTestSystem§GaugeR&R有多少個黑點?有多少個黑點?這些橫線是不是平行的?這些橫線是不是平行的?是靜的還是動的?是靜的還是動的?三個正方形三個正方形幾何謎題幾何謎題沒有適當?shù)牧繙y工具就無法管理品質(zhì)!!沒有適當?shù)牧繙y工具比較式絕對式待測量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息標準值顯示量測儀量測之種類待測量標準量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息轉(zhuǎn)換訊息比測儀顯示轉(zhuǎn)換放大比較式待測量轉(zhuǎn)換訊息標準值顯示量測儀量測之種類待測量標準量轉(zhuǎn)BasicConceptsEveryProcessproducea“Product”.EveryproductpossessesQualities(Features)EveryQualityFeatureCanbemeasuredTotalVariation=ProductVariation+MeasurementVariationSomeVariationInherentinSystemDesign.SomeVariationisduetoaFaultyperformanceoftheSystem(s).BasicConceptsEveryProcessprComponentsofMeasurementSystemEquipmentorGageTypeofGage:Attribute:go-nogo,visionsystemsVariable:calipers,probe,coordinatemeasurementmachinesUnitofMeasurement-discriminationAtleast1/10of6*processstandarddeviation(6s)Otherrules:atleast1/10oftoleranceOperator&OperatingInstructionsPartlocatingororientationschemeagagemustbeabletoconsistentlylocatethepartbeingmeasured.ComponentsofMeasurementSystTermsYouShouldKnow?Measurementsystem:
Thecollectionofoperations,procedures,gagesandpersonnelusetoobtainmeasurementsofworkpiececharacteristics?Gage:
Adeviceusedtoobtainmeasurements?Repeatability:
Repeatability(Precision)Thevariationinmeasurementobtainedwithonemeasurementinstrumentwhenusedbyoneoperatortomeasure.)anidenticalcharacteristiconthesamepart.(EV:EquipmentVariation?Reproducibility:
Thevariationintheaverageofthemeasurementsmadebydifferentoperatorsusingthesamemeasurementinstrumentwhenmeasuringidenticalcharacteristicsonthesamepart.(AV:AppraiserVariation)TermsYouShouldKnow?MeasureTermsYouShouldKnow?Bias:
Thedifferencebetweentheobservedaverageofmeasurementsandthereferencevalue.?PercentR&R:
Thepercentageofprocessvariationrelatedtothemeasurementsystemforrepeatabilityandreproducibility?Stability:
Thetotalvariationinthemeasurementsobtainedwithameasurementsystemonthesamemasterorpartswhenmeasuringsinglecharacteristicsoveranextendedtimeperiod.?Linearity:
Thedifferenceinthebiasvaluesthroughtheexpectedoperatingrangeofthegage.TermsYouShouldKnow?Bias:T1.AccuracyDifferencebetweenthetrueaverageandtheobservedaverage(trueaveragemaybeobtainedusingamoreprecisemeasuringtool)1.AccuracyDifferencebetween2.ReproducibilityVariationinaverageofmeasurementsmadebydifferentoperatorsusingthesamegagemeasuringthesamepart.AppraiserVariation(AV)2.ReproducibilityVariationin3.Repeatability(Precision)Randomvariationinmeasurementswhenoneoperatorusesthesamegagetomeasurethesamepartseveraltimes.EquipmentVariation(EV)3.Repeatability(Precision)Ra4.StabilityDifferenceintheaverageofatleast2setsofmeasurementsobtainedwithagageasaresultoftime.4.StabilityDifferenceinthePrecisionandAccuracyPrecisionandAccuracyAccuracyandStabilityMeasuresamepartsusingamorepreciseinstrument(Accuracy).
Measuresamepartsusingthesamegageatalaterdate(StabilityorDrift).AccuracyandStabilityMeasureMeasurementSystemVariablesMeasurementSystemVariablesPossibleSourcesofProcess
VariationPossibleSourcesofProcess
VaSourcesofMeasurementErrorSystematicVariations1.accuracy:impropercalibrationofequipment2.reproducibility:differentoperatorsusingsameequipmentwithdifferenttechniquesRandomVariations3.repeatability:(forexample,inconsistentpartlocating)PeriodicVariations4.stability:wear,deterioration,environmentalconditionsSourcesofMeasurementErrorSyTheGR&RDesignModelSupposemultipleoperators,measuremultiplepartsseveraltimeseach.Then:
Intermsofthegageperformance,between-operatorreproducibility
isduetotheoperatoreffectandtheoperator*partinteraction.Within-operator
repeatability
isfromthepureerrorterm.TheGR&RDesignModelSupposemTheComponentsofVarianceTheComponentsofVarianceMeasurementError–GageR&RMeasurementError–GageR&RAveragesANOVAanalysisbeginswiththecalculationofallrelevantaverages.Here’sanexample:AveragesANOVAanalysisbeginsTypesofGageErrorandAnalysis
Methods:Accuracy–GageAccuracy(Bias)StudyGageLinearityStudy.Repeatability&ReproducibilityGageR&R(Methods:X-bar/RangeorANOVA)RepeatedMeasurementStudyRepeatability–Static&DynamicStudyStability–RepeatedMeasurementsTypesofGageErrorandAnalysVariancePartitioningThetotalvarianceoftheGR&Rdataispartitionedintocomponentsaccordingtothemodel.Variancesadd,soallpartitionedpiecessumtothetotaldatavariance!VariancePartitioningThetotalTwoWayAnovaTableTwoWayAnovaTableGageR&RAcceptanceTodetermineacceptability,aratioistypicallyformedcomparinggagevariationtoeither:GageR&R%ofToleranceWidthGageR&R%ofTotalVariation6s-represents99.73%ofvaluesifnormaldistribution5.15s-represents99%ofvaluesifnormaldistributionGageR&RAcceptanceTodeterminCriteriaforEvaluatingGageR&RGageR&R%-TVorR&R%-ToleranceifR&R%is:<10%=measurementsystemisacceptable10-30%=measurementsystemmaybeacceptablebaseduponimportanceofapplication,gagecost,costofrepairs..>30%=measurementsystemneedsimprovementCriteriaforEvaluatingGageRConductingaGageR&RStudy1.Plantheapproach–Whatisnatureofoperatorandmeasurementinteraction?–Reproducibilitycanbenegligiblesometimes.2.Select3welltrainedoperators3.Select10partsfortest,Selectsamplepartsshouldrepresententirenormalproductionrange.(Prefercoverthedistributionof+/-4sigma)4.Repeatmeasureeachparts3times.5.Takemeasurementsinrandomorder.6.Takeblindmeasurement?Personmeasuringdoesn’tknowwhichpieceisbeingmeasured,whatpreviousmeasurementswere,orwhatotherappraisersfound.ConductingaGageR&RStudy1.ConductingaGageR&RStudy7.Recordallmeasurementsonworksheet.8.Calculatetrialrangeforeachpieceforeachoperatorandrecordvalues,calculateR&R(squarerootofthesumofthesquaresoftherepeatabilityandreproducibility).9.Keepthestandardparts&itsreadingfor“EquipmentCorrelation“purposeConductingaGageR&RStudy7.GuidelinesForGaugeR&RAcceptanceUnder10%Error:Acceptable10%~30%Error:MaybeAcceptabledependingontheimportanceoftheapplication.Over30%error:ImprovementisneededGuidelinesForGaugeR&RAccepGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyGaugeR&RStudyAnovaMethodExampleAnovaMethodExampleEquipmentCalibrationBySimpleLinearityModel(Y=mX+b)
EquipmentCalibrationSelectionofStandardUnitsSetupabout10pcsstandardunitswhichcancovertheoverallspreadofnormalproduction.Prefer2rejectunitbeyondupper/lowerspec.AgingallunitsFindstandardreadingSelectionofStandardUnitsSetRegressionAnalysis:EquipmentvsStandardMeasureStandardunitoneachindividualtestequipmentseveraltimes.TaketheaverageofmeasurementdataforeachunitRegressionAnalysis;EquipmentReadingvsStandardReading.Ifcorrelationcoefficient>90%,thencalculatetheslopeandoff-setpertestm/c.Ifcorrelationcoefficient<90%,findthereason.TestResult=ActualReadingXSlope+OffsetRegressionAnalysis:EquipmenMeasurementDataofStandardSets
@eachTestMachineMeasurementDataofStandardSRegressionAnalysisRegressionAnalysisAddTranslationKeyAfterCorrection=ReadingXSlope+OffsetTestresultbecomecloseramongtestmachines.Slope/OffsetperTestEquipmentAddTranslationKeyAfterCorreEquipmentLongTermStabilityTestEquipmentlongtermstabilitycanbecheckedbytesting1~3workingstandardunitspereachtimebeforeoperatorusethattestmachineandplotthetestresultsonaSPCchart.EquipmentLongTermStabilityComputingKappa
(GR&RTestForvisualinspector)ComputingKappa
(GR&RTestFKappaCoefficient(Cohen,1960)SzBpOtherni.pi.Sz106.53(78).39104120.6BP2228.14(
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 氣壓釜項目可行性研究報告評審方案設(shè)計(2025年標準案例范文)
- 衣架、衣夾行業(yè)市場發(fā)展及發(fā)展趨勢與投資戰(zhàn)略研究報告
- LED智能照明燈項目可行性研究報告申請立項
- 2025年油田井口裝置套管頭項目可行性研究報告
- 2025年中國抗生素檢測行業(yè)市場調(diào)研分析及投資戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃報告
- 在線教育行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢預測及投資規(guī)劃研究報告
- 小麥面粉生產(chǎn)線技改項目可行性研究報告建議書
- 2025柏房小學營養(yǎng)餐供銷合同
- 2025集資房買賣合同樣本
- 2025從德國功能主義看國際商務(wù)英語合同的漢譯策略碩士學位
- 12D401-3 爆炸危險環(huán)境電氣線路和電氣設(shè)備安裝
- 黑龍江省2024年醫(yī)學專升本考試真題
- DL∕T 796-2012 風力發(fā)電場安全規(guī)程
- 《四川省醫(yī)療機構(gòu)工作人員廉潔從業(yè)九項準則實施細則》考核題
- 《青少年特發(fā)性脊柱側(cè)凸治未病干預指南》-公示稿
- 養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)備案書(模板)
- 漢語基礎(chǔ)#-形考任務(wù)三-國開(HUB)-參考資料
- 幼兒園游戲案例分析-奇思妙想玩輪胎
- 2023年6月上海高考英語卷試題真題答案解析(含作文范文+聽力原文)
- 2024年越南重油(HFO)發(fā)電機行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及前景分析2024-2030
- 遼寧省沈陽市五校2023-2024學年高一1月期末考試生物試題(解析版)
評論
0/150
提交評論