經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)

經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月經(jīng)典全面中考定語從句講解與練習(xí)(含答案)版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：定語從句（一）關(guān)系代詞TheAttributiveClause----RelativePronoun定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后，對(duì)其先行詞起限定作用。二、關(guān)系詞定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。三、關(guān)系代詞代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whom/whowhichthat定語whosewhose1.that的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人時(shí)可與who,whom互換，指物時(shí)有時(shí)可與which互換。在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語。①Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父親在一家汽車制造廠工作。作主語，指物②Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去拜訪的那位女士那個(gè)時(shí)候教我法語。作賓語，指人③Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.我們昨天參觀的學(xué)校是所好學(xué)校。作賓語，指物2.which的用法which一般指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略（放在介詞后除外）。Which也可以指代這個(gè)主句。①Adictionaryisabookwhich/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是講解單詞意思的書作主語②Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.這就是老師昨天說得那本書作賓語③Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太陽給地球熱量，這使得人類能夠生存。代替整個(gè)主句3.who/whom的用法Whom在從句中用作賓語，現(xiàn)在僅用于正式文體。用who代替whom在從句中做賓語，主語用于口語。如：①ThegentlemanwhomRoseencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.羅斯遇到的那位先生很有禮貌地和她講話。（正式文體）②ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith. 我見到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。（非正式文體）在口語中，who,whom,which在從句中做動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，常常省去。如：①Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜歡光說不練的人。 作主語②Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate你認(rèn)識(shí)我們?cè)陂T口遇見的那個(gè)年輕人嗎作賓語③Hedidn’tbecomethepersonwhohisfatherwantedhimtobe.他沒有成為他父親希望的那種人。作表語注意：whom在從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞提到whom前面時(shí)，不能用who代替。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIwillsendpostcards.我有許多需要寄賀卡的朋友。4.whose的用法whose在從句中作定語，可以指人也可以指物。①Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.這個(gè)女孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，她的父親是教師。指人②WehaveEnglishclassesintheclassroomwhosedoorisbroken.我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)門壞了的教室上英語課。指物四、限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。限制性定語從句：主句和從句不隔開，從句不能省略，否則就會(huì)失掉意義不能成立。如：①Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.②Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.非限制性定語從句：主句和從句用逗號(hào)隔開，從句對(duì)修飾的部分起到進(jìn)一步說明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的語意仍保持完整。如：①ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,

whoisonly19yearsold.②Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.③Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenters.【注意】：非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)①SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.which還可以用來指代上文中的一件事情①Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.②Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

五、關(guān)系代詞的省略引導(dǎo)限制性賓語從句的關(guān)系代詞在作賓語、表語時(shí)可以省略，但作主語和引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略。①Ihavebeenthecitytwice（which/that）youjustvisited.你剛參觀完的那座城市，我去過兩次。②After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedto年后，約翰已經(jīng)不是當(dāng)年那個(gè)淘氣的男孩了。練一練練一練用符號(hào)標(biāo)出下列句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞：主句：______定語從句：（）先行詞：先行詞關(guān)系詞：that例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.HaveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedaboutIstillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.B．填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic. YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdress________Igaveher. Theman________legwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer. Kevinisreadingabook________istoodifficultforhim. Thefamily________I’mstayingwithlivesinthecountry. Iknowthestudent________bookwaspublished. Betty,________hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard. Myparentsliveinahouse________ismorethan100yearsold. Theboywith________Johnspokeismybrother. Shanghaiisthecity________Ivisitedlastsummer.1who2which/that/3whose4which/that5that/省略6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略C．單項(xiàng)選擇Whoistheman________isreadingabookoverthere（杭州） A.that B.whose C.which D.whatTheman________istalkingwithmyteacherisTom’sfather.（四川眉山） A.who C.whose D.whichLiMeiisthestudent________handwritingisthebestinourclass.（貴州銅仁） A.whose B.whom C.who Thepeople________helpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.（四川德陽） A.which B.whom C.who Therewillbeastampshowinthemuseum________wevisitedlastweek.（嘉興、舟山） A.who B.when C.which Peterlikesmusic________isveryloudandenergetic.（山東臨沂） A.that B.who C.whom D./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.（揚(yáng)州） A.what B.who C.that D./—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester（黃岡）—Thewoman________iswearingaredskirt. A.whom B.who C.whose D.which—Doyouknowtheman________isreadingthebookoverthere（湖北襄陽）—Yes,he’sMr.Green,ourPEteacher. A.which B.what C.whom D.whoI’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.（湖北十堰） A.who B.where C.when D.which—Whatareyoulookingfor（長(zhǎng)沙）—I’mlookingforthebook________youlentmeyesterday. A.that B.who C.whose Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadwithyourdadyesterday.（河南） A.what B.which C.when D.who1---5 AAACC 6---10ACBDA 11---12 AB

定語從句（二）關(guān)系副詞TheAttributiveClause---RelativeAdverb一、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在句子中作狀語。常用的關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why,that等。關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謜hen表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語whyreason原因狀語二、關(guān)系副詞的用法when的用法when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，它的先行詞通常為time,day,morning,night,week,year等。①I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. 我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記來北京的第一天。②Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp. 他在我們需要幫助的時(shí)候來了。where的用法where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。它的先行詞通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。①ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.這就是我出生的房子。②Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父親工作的那家工廠在城市的東邊。why的用法why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞通常是reason。①Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.沒有人知道他為什么總是遲到。②Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed誰能告訴我火車延誤的原因引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，并且在從句中分別做時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語，關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：①Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們第一次相遇的那一天。=Ishallneverforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.②BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.③Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer這就是他拒絕我們的理由嗎=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer由此可見：when=on(in,when=on(in,at,during…)+whichwhere=in(at,on…)+whichwhy=forwhich三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞+which此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，介詞的選用由which所代替的名詞在構(gòu)成介詞短語時(shí)與介詞的固定搭配所決定。①Wedon’tknowthetimewhen/atwhichthemeetingwillbegin.我們不知道會(huì)議開始的時(shí)間。（atthetime→atwhich=when）②Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichhewasborn.這是他出生的那間房子。（inthehouse→inwhich=where）介詞+whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替的是人而不是物，并在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，要用whom。①Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.

=Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人就是我們的經(jīng)理。②Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.=Thisistheherowho/whom/thatweareproudof.這就是我們引以為榮的英雄。名詞/代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞①Iboughtadozeneggs,halfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.我買了一打雞蛋，當(dāng)我到家時(shí)，碎了一半。練一練練一練A．填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞Shanghaiistheplace________Iwentlastsummer.Thereason________Peterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.Iremembertheday________mydogdied.Iwillgobacktothecity________Igrowup.Sep.1stistheday________theschoolstarts.Thefactory________myfatherworksmakestelephones.Thisistheroom________shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Wewenttovisitthehouse________thegreatwriterwasborn.Iwillneverforgettheday________wefirstmet.Pleasetellmethereason_______youwerelateagain.Key:1.where2.why3.when/onwhich 4.where 5.when6.where7.where 8.where 9.when 10.whyB.分別用關(guān)系副詞、介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空Thelibrary____________________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Thelibrary__________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Isthisthebus____________________youleftyourumbrellaIsthisthebus__________youleftyourumbrellaOctober1,1949wastheday____________________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wastheday__________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays____________________theycanplaytogether.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays__________theycanplaytogether.Whoknowsthereason____________________thegirliscryingWhoknowsthereason__________thegirliscryingThereason____________________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Thereason__________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Key:1.fromwhich;where 2.onwhich;where 3.onwhich;when4.inwhich;when 5.forwhich;why 6.forwhich;whyC．單項(xiàng)選擇AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild. A.which B.where C.that D.whenInthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp. A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom Isthistheplane________hecametoNewYork A.which B.bywhich C.that D.inwhich Thisistheschool________Istudiedthreeyearsago. A.where B.when C.that D.which—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks. A.which B.that C.where Ican’tforgetthetime________theearthquakehappenedinYushu. A.when B.which C.that D.whereIstillrememberthepark________wefirstmet. A.that B.which C.where D.whenTheoldmanhastwosons,________arelawyers. A.bothofthem B.bothofwho C.bothofwhom D.bothoftheyHeisamanofgreatknowledge,________muchcanbelearned.

A.inwhom B.aboutwhom C.fromwhom D.ofwhomHehasleftBeijing,________ameetingistobeheld. A.when B.where C.as D.whichKey:1---5BDDAC6---10ACCCBD.自我挑戰(zhàn)1.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,________Icanbereachedmostevenings.（北京） A.which B.when C.whom D.where2.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽） A.why B.where C.which D.that3.Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重慶） A.why B.what C.that D.where4.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.（北京） A.where B.which C.when D.that5.Salesdirectorisaposition____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesability.（重慶） A.which B.that C.when D.where6.Weliveinanage_______moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.（浙江） A.why B.when C.towhom D.onwhichKey:1---6DBDADB

定語從句（三）定語從句的難點(diǎn)TheAttributiveClause只能使用that，不用which,who的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代詞時(shí)；①Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. 能做的都已經(jīng)做了。②Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.我不是指這個(gè)，我是指昨天買的那個(gè)。2.先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,few,just等詞修飾時(shí)；①There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome. 沒有我們克服不了的困難。②I’vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere. 我已經(jīng)讀完了這里能借的所有書。3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，或先行詞本身就是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)；①ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese. 這是我用日語寫得第一封信。②SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatI’veeverknown.她是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最認(rèn)真的女孩。③Hewasthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.他是第一個(gè)給我們一些有用建議的人。4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)；①Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.他們談?wù)摿怂麄円娺^的老師和學(xué)校。②Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.演講者提到的一些作者和作品我們都不知道。5.當(dāng)主句是以who,which或what開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)；①Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop 在車站等車的那個(gè)人是誰②Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday 昨天超過我們的是哪輛車6.當(dāng)主句以Therebe…結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時(shí)，或關(guān)系代詞在therebe…結(jié)構(gòu)中作實(shí)義主語，先行詞為物。如：①Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.②Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.二、只能用which，不用that的情況：1.在非限制性定語從中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.會(huì)議延期了，這正是我們所希望的。2.定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他考慮的這件事非常重要。3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)。如：Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.我不喜歡他做的那件事。三、只用who不用that的情況1.先行詞是指人的不定代詞，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,those等；①Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.②Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.③SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.④Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.2.在以therebe…的句子中，先行詞為人時(shí)；Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.3.當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句，且先行詞都為人時(shí)；Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.4.當(dāng)指人的先行詞被一些指物的名詞修飾時(shí)；There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields5.在非限制性定語從句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.練一練練一練A.單項(xiàng)選擇Theradioset________lastweekhasbeenoutoforder. A.Ibought B.Iboughtit

C.whichIboughtit

D.whatIboughtAlltheapples________felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.

A.which B./ C.that

D.theyIcantellyou________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatall D.allthatThisisthebiggestlab________wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity. A.which B.what

C.that D.whereIsoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn A.that B./ C.which D.whatAir,________webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.

A.that B./ C.it D.whichThisisthemuseum________wesawanexhibitiontheotherday. A.that B.which C.where D.inthatThisisthemuseum________yousawtheotherday. A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthatHehasleftBeijing,________ameetingistobeheld. A.when B.where C.as D.whichThisistheveryplace________I’mwishingtolivein. A.where B.which C.that D.inwhichIsitinthatfactory________“RedFlag”carsaremade A.inwhich B.where

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