2020衡水名師原創(chuàng)英語專題卷：專題八《七選五說明類專練》

2020衡水名師原創(chuàng)英語專題卷專題八：七選五說明類專練（90分鐘100分）考點(diǎn)01：冠詞3顆星考點(diǎn)03：介詞和介詞短語2顆星考點(diǎn)04:名詞3顆星考點(diǎn)06：形容詞和副詞5顆星考點(diǎn)08：非謂語動詞5顆星考點(diǎn)09：動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)5顆星考點(diǎn)10：定語從句3顆星考點(diǎn)12并列連詞4顆星考點(diǎn)13狀語從句3顆星考點(diǎn)24：七選五說明文專練5顆星第I卷（選擇題）（每題2分，共40分）一．七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。A（考點(diǎn)24中難）TheUSAisasocietyformedbymanydifferentimmigrantculturesthatproducedanewandmixedculture.MostAmericanscelebratedifferentcustomswhichstartedinothercountriesandstartseveralnewtraditionsandcultures①Theytendtoliveindependently,andcommunicatedirectly,honestlyandinformallywiththeirfamilies,friendsandcolleagues.Americansalwayskeepadvancingwiththetimes.③InAmerica,itisrelativelycommonforbothparentstowork,andAmericanwomenareequalpartnersinmarriage.IntheUSA,themostcommonfamilyunitconsistsoftheparentsandchildrenlivingunderoneroof.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttocompete,throughorganizedsportsandeducation,aswellasspeakouttheirmindsandhaveconfidencetostandupforwhattheybelievein.④Manyimmigrantfamiliesalsofeatureseveralgenerationslivingunderoneroof,withyoungerfamilymembersrespectingtheelders'needsandvaluingtheiropinions.Whenpeoplefromdifferentculturesgetmarriedandhavechildren,theymayhaveissueswhenitcomestomaintainingtheiruniquetraditionsandmixingsharedcustomsatthesametime.⑤However,withalittleeffort,childreninthesefamiliescanbenefitfromhavingbothoutlooksandtraditions.Childrenwhoareraisedbilinguallycanalsobenefitinfuturecareersandlearntomakedecisionsbetterthanmonolingualkids.ManyAmericansfindhappylifeisimportant.Theyarealsotaughttorespecttheirparentsatallcosts.Itcanbeachallengetofindtheperfectbalancebetweencultures.Accordingtosocialists,theAmericanfamilyculturehasmanyuniqueaspects.Americanchildrenrefusetofollowtheirparents'adviceandalwaysarguewiththem.ChangingratherthanstickingtotraditionisconsideredbymanyAmericansasimprovement.Thedifferenceiseasytodealwithifparentscanmeethalfwayandstandintheother'sshoes.B（考點(diǎn)24中難）IstillremembermyfirsttimegoingtotheChinesecompany'scanteen.WhenIsteppedontotheelevator,eachonewasfullofpeople.①However,therewasnosignoffireandpeoplewerelaughingandtalking.Ifollowedtheflowofthecrowdtothedoorsofthecanteen.ItoccurredtomethatinChinaeveryonehaslunchalmostatthesametime.②Thecanteenfollowedthisschedule,onlybeingopenafewhoursperday.WhenIstoodinthedoorway,IrealizedIhatdoactfastorIwouldbeleftbehind.③Unlikemyschoollunchroom,hereeveryonelinedupandtookatray,andinsteadofsilverwaretherewerechopsticksandsoupspoons.AsIwaspushedalongtheline,IsawdishesIdidn'trecognizeandaspeoplecutinlineandpickedupdishesleftandright,④Iendeduptakingaporkandcucumberdishandatofusalad.Ihavebeenatmycompanyforoverayearandahalf.⑤IhavelearnedwhatdishesIlike,mostlybytrialanderror,andalotoftheworkersknowmeandsayhellotome.Iamstillgettingusedtoeatinglunchat"lunchtime",butIthinkthescheduledefinitelyhelpskeepmeontrackduringtheday.Iwishthereweresomethinglikethisatofficesinmyhometown.IthoughtIhadmissedafiredrill.Therewasnoemergency;itwasjustlunchtime.Inoticedthingsatlunchtimewereabitdifferent.IfeltthatIneededtomakesomequickdecisions.Thecanteenremindedmeofmyschoollunchroom.AndnowIamgladtosayIammoreconfidentinthecanteen.IwasnotveryfamiliarwiththelocalfoodorrestaurantsinChina.C（考點(diǎn)24中難）Earthishometoaround7,000languages,aroundhalfofwhichareexpectedtodisappearby2100.Languagesdisappearformanyreasons.Sometimesyoungergenerationsstopleamingalanguagebecauseparentswantchildrentofitin.①NativeAmericanchildrenofthelate-19thcenturywererequiredtoattendboardingschoolswhereeducatorsforbadethemfromspeakingtheirnativelanguages.TheUnitedNationsranksendangeredlanguagesaccordingtotheirrisklevel.Forexample,a"criticallyendangered"languageisonethatevengrandparentsdon'tspeakoften.NewYork'sOnondagalanguageisanexamplewithonly50speakersleft.An"extinct"languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.②Inthesameway,differentlanguagescontributetoculturaldiversity.Savingtheselanguagesbenefitsourunderstandingofothercultures.Languagescanshowhowasocietylooksattheworldandwhatitvalues.Alanguagemaydescribesomethinginawaythatisfunny,too.InWelsh,itrainsnotcatsanddogs,butoldwivesandwalkingsticks.TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.④However,itseffortsarelimited.Ifanendangeredlanguageisgoingtomakearealcomeback,it'llprobablygetitsstartinschools.Fornearly100years,publicschoolsinHawaiididnotteachtheHawaiianlanguage.NowstudentscankeeplearninginHawaiianfromelementaryschoolstocollegeandbeyond.⑤Atleastonedid.In1881,aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3,000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.Thelastpersonwhospokeitdiedin2008.Whyshouldwesaveendangeredlanguages?Variousanimalsandplantsbenefitourenvironment.Withjust5speakersleft,itisabsolutelyendangered.Canalanguagewithzeronativespeakerscomebacktolife?Sometimessocietiesforceminoritiestogiveuptheirlanguage.Thenonprofitgroupfindsnativespeakersandrecordstheirstories.D（考點(diǎn)24中難）Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.①TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus紙（莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.②Soparchment（羊皮紙）,madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.InancientChina,bookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftre,espaperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.③PapermakinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.Theycarved（雕刻）apageofword'sintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.Butitwasn'tuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.Oncealuxury（奢侈品）onlytherichcouldbuy.itsoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy,ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.第II卷（非選擇題）（每題1.5分，共60分）語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（1）Friendshipisoneofthemostimportantthingsineveryone'slife.①isverydifficulttofindabetterdefinition（定義）offriendship.Atruefriendistheperson②考點(diǎn)10cansharealloursadnessanddoubleallourhappiness.Intimeoftria嘗試）,heorsheisalwaysatoursidetogiveushisorherhelpandcomfort.Knowinghowvaluablefriendshipis,weshouldbevery③考點(diǎn)06（care）withourchoiceofafriend.Weshould④（choice）thosepeoplewithagoodcharacterasourfriends,butwemusttrytoavoid⑤考點(diǎn)08(make)friendswithabadman.Besides,weshouldforgivetheirmistakesandtrytohelpthemasmuch⑥possible.Atruefriendcanalways⑦考點(diǎn)09(trust),lovedandrespected.Ifyoutellafriendyoursecrets,heorshewillnottellothers.Friendssharetheirjoys⑧考點(diǎn)12unhappiness.Theyhelpeachotherwhentheyare⑨考點(diǎn)03trouble,andcheereachotherupwhentheyaresad.⑩考點(diǎn)01mostimportantthingisthatafriendalwaysunderstandsyou.Inconclusion,whenyouhavemadeagoodfriend,don'tforgethimorher.(2)TheBritishMuseum,①考點(diǎn)08(locate)intheBloomsburyareaofLondon,isthefirstnationalpublicmuseumdedicatedtohumanhistory,artandculture.Itspermanentcollectionnumberssome8millionworks,makingitoneofthelargestin②考點(diǎn)04(exist).Ithasbeen③考點(diǎn)06(wide)sourced,documentingthestoryofhumanculture④考點(diǎn)03itsbeginningstothepresent.Aswithallothernationalmuseumsin⑤考點(diǎn)01UnitedKingdom,itchargesnoadmissionfee.Itsownershipofsomeofitsmostfamousobjects⑥考點(diǎn)10originallycamefromothercountriesiscontroversial,particularlyinthecaseoftheParthenonMarbles.Todaythemuseumnolongerhouses⑦考點(diǎn)04(collection)ofnaturalhistory,andthebooksandmanuscripts手稿)onceit⑧考點(diǎn)09(hold)nowformpartoftheindependentBritishLibrary,⑨考點(diǎn)12itstillkeepsitsuniversalityincollectionsofartificialworks⑩考點(diǎn)08(represent)theculturesoftheworld,ancientandmodern.(3)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid①wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths②考點(diǎn)06(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We③考點(diǎn)09(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,④考點(diǎn)12fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstandthiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged考點(diǎn)03thereservation.What'sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas⑦考點(diǎn)06(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon⑧考點(diǎn)01topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach⑨考點(diǎn)13wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle⑩考點(diǎn)08(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.(4)TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmorequintessential典(型的)thantakingafternoontea.WeknowtheBritishhavealoveaffairwithdrinkingtea,①考點(diǎn)03/08morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventionofafternoonteathatturnedtea-drinkinginto②考點(diǎn)01popularpastime.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea③考點(diǎn)06(comfort)whilenibbling(小口吃)onnicesandwiches,sconeswithjamandcreamandaselectionofsmallcakes.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,④考點(diǎn)08(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s.Itwentontobecomea⑤考點(diǎn)06(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(復(fù)蘇)inits⑥考點(diǎn)04(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.⑦考點(diǎn)13itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelofcafe.Butifyou'rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace⑧考點(diǎn)08(enjoy)aplateofsweetandtastytreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid⑨考點(diǎn)08(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdevotedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I'msureonceyoutryit,you⑩考點(diǎn)09(agree).參考答案一、七選五A、答案：D;A;F;B;CB、答案：ABEDF解析：本文講述了作者第一次在中企餐廳就餐的感受。A【解析】根據(jù)下文“然而，并沒有著火的跡象，人們都有說有笑”可知,設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容需說明一下為何提到“有著火的跡象”。A項(xiàng)“我本以為我錯過了消防演習(xí)”解釋了為何作者會認(rèn)為應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)著火的情況，故選A項(xiàng)。B【解析】根據(jù)“我突然想起在中國每一個人幾乎都在同一時間吃午飯”和下文“餐廳遵守著這個時間表”可知,B項(xiàng)“根本沒有什么緊急情況，只不過是午飯時間而已”符合語境，故選B項(xiàng)。E【解析】下文“每個人排著隊(duì)，拿著一個托盤，還有筷子和湯匙而不是銀餐具”描述的是買飯時的場景，由此可知,E項(xiàng)“這個餐廳讓我想起我的學(xué)校的餐廳”是對作者看到的餐廳場景的總結(jié)，且E項(xiàng)中的schoollunchroom與下文呼應(yīng),故選E項(xiàng)。D【解析】根據(jù)上文中描述的周圍同事取菜的場景和下文中提到的“我最終選擇了黃瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與作者取午餐相關(guān),D項(xiàng)“我覺得我應(yīng)該快速作決定”是對作者取到午餐前的心理描寫，符合語境，故選D項(xiàng)。F【解析】根據(jù)設(shè)空前的“我在公司已經(jīng)一年半多了”以及設(shè)空后的“主要是通過反復(fù)摸索以后，我已經(jīng)知道了我喜歡吃什么菜，許多員工也認(rèn)識我了并且和我打招呼”可知，該段的內(nèi)容是對作者熟悉在中企工作后的描寫,F項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在我可以很高興地說我在餐廳更加自信了”是對作者熟悉中餐廳后的描寫，故選F項(xiàng)。C、答案：F;A;C;G;E解析：由第二段內(nèi)容可知,整段都在說明語言消失的原因,所以小題1也是在陳述語言消失的原因。故F選項(xiàng)切題。由.An""extinct""languagehasnospeakers.Itisgoneforever.Alaska'sEyaklanguageisoneexample.可知，已經(jīng)滅絕的語言沒有說種這語言的人了。它永遠(yuǎn)消失了。阿拉斯加語言就是一個例子。所以小題2說的是:說這種語言的最后一人死于2008年,這種語言也就永遠(yuǎn)消失了。符合對前文的解釋。故A選項(xiàng)切題。由第三段可知，第三段主要在講述人們受益于不同種的語言。再由inthesameway可知，小題3在講述各種動植物有益于環(huán)境,以此說明多種語言也有益于人類。故C選項(xiàng)切題。由TheEndangeredLanguageAlliancewantstosavelanguagesfromdisappearing.可知，這個瀕臨滅絕語言聯(lián)盟希望挽救這些即將消失的語言。小題2要說明他們具體的做法。故G選項(xiàng)切題。由Atleastonedid.In1881，aJewishlinguistnamedEliezerBen-Yehudabroughtthe3，000-year-oldlanguageHebrewbacktolife.TodayitisoneoftheofficiallanguagesofthecountryofIsrael,withmorethan4millionspeakers.可知，至少有一種語言做到了。在1881年，一位名叫EliezerBen-Yehuda的猶太語言學(xué)家使這個有3千年歷史的希伯來語復(fù)活。今天，它是以色列的官方語言之一，有400多萬使用者。所以通過回答和舉例說明,我們可以判斷出小題5要問“沒有人說的語言能復(fù)活嗎？”。故E選項(xiàng)切題。D、答案：DAEGC解析：1.D〔提示：根據(jù)第二段第一句TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrusplants.（古埃及人把他們的故事寫在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的內(nèi)容并引起第二段的內(nèi)容，所以應(yīng)該填與“把故事寫下來”相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。〕A〔提示:根據(jù)前后文，由于紙莎草做的東西可以記錄故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用這種方式.后文又提到一種羊皮紙后來取代了紙莎草，說明其他地方的人得到紙莎草不容易，才會選擇轉(zhuǎn)代物，A項(xiàng)符合語境?！矱〔提示：根據(jù)前一句Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.（用樹木制造的紙，相比紙莎草和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。）可知,這一段是在講用樹木制作的紙的特點(diǎn)?！矴〔提示:這一空為句首的句子，所以結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容可知，這一段是在講述怎樣讓書的制造過程更加簡易迅速。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)G中的speed可以得出答案?！矯〔提示:此處為最后一段的首句，結(jié)合全文可知，這一段對于書的發(fā)展史進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，C項(xiàng)符合語境，現(xiàn)在的書可以成千上萬的復(fù)制印刷?！扯?、語法填空（1）答案：It;who;careful;choose;making;as;betrusted;and;in;The（2）答案：1.located2.existence3.widely4.from5.the6.that7.collectionsheld9.but10.representing解析：本文主要敘述了位于倫敦布盧姆斯伯里地區(qū)的大英博物館，它是第一個致力于人類歷史、藝術(shù)和文化的國家公共博物館，且不收取費(fèi)用。locate【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換obelocatedin...為固定搭配,意為“坐落于，位于”，本句為從句“whichislocatedin…”的省略句，去掉了whichis,故填located。existence【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，句意:它的永久藏品數(shù)量大約為800萬,使它成為現(xiàn)存的最大的博物館之一。inexistence為固定短語，意為“現(xiàn)存”。widely【解析】考查副詞。修飾動詞sourced應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，故填widely。from【解析】考查介詞。from...to...為固定搭配，意為“從到”。句意：它的來源廣泛，記錄了人類文化從開始到現(xiàn)在的故事。故填from。the【解析】考査冠詞。theUnitedKingdom為固定用法,意為“英國”，故填the。that【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，句中的itsmostfamousobjects是先行詞，空處在定語從句中作主語，指物，且先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾，所以要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。collections【解析】考査名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。collection是可數(shù)名詞，此處指很多的收藏品，故填復(fù)數(shù)形式collections。&held【解析】考査時態(tài)。分析句子可知，空處是謂語動詞，與it是主謂關(guān)系，根據(jù)時間狀語once可知,本句要用一般過去時,故填held。but【解析】考査連詞。分析語境可知，本句與前面的句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，是今昔對比，因此要填but。representi