2021年12月英語四級真題試卷二(第二套)

年12月英語四級真題試卷二（第二套）2021年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題第二套PartIWriting(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.

1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.

Toidentifythereasonsforthelions'disappearance.TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“l(fā)ostlions”.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.Lions'tracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Bothendofeachtheconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.C)HerweddingA)Her‘luckybirthday'.C)Herweddinganniversary.Acallfromherdad.D)AspecialgiftfromtheAcallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.C)TookheronatripA)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple'sholidaytrip.Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple'sholidayturnsout.Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple'sholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.B)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.Theytaketherival'sattitudeintoaccount.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.

A)Theyarepatient.Theylearnquickly.B)Theyaregoodatexpression.A)Theyarepatient.Theylearnquickly.principles.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.strategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)TheyupholdtheirC)Formulateone'sD)Gettoknowtheotherside.D)TheyupholdtheirC)Formulateone'sD)GettoknowtheotherSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)WhenAmerica'searliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.

Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.C)TheyhadallEverythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.C)TheyhadallA)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.kindsofentertainment.C)PolishingallB)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.C)PolishingallA)Chattingwithherancestors.

thesilverwork.B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.Youmayendupenteringawonderland.A)Lookforfood.fire.B)Waitpatiently.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.localweather.B)Ppass.C)StartaD)Walkuphill.C)ChecktheD)FindamapandaC)StartaD)Walkuphill.C)ChecktheD)FindamapandaReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid(空白)inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto___26___toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall__27__ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto__28_myownkidsin.”Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren___29___inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate___30___,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand___31___it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto___32___recreationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram___33___over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2021to$10millionin2021,with25newbranchesplannedfor2021.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot___34___enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat35___.”A)attractedI)feedingB)careerJ)graduatingC)championshipsK)interestD)degreesL)levelsE)developingM)localF)enrollN)operatesG)exposureO)participatedH)feasibleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyaren'tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?A)“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidn'tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino(堵場)yourself?”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.B)Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn'tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear.referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.C)Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone'sparty?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis‘Yes'.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.”LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledges,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader'sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.Moreover,inordertobecurious,“youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.”AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon'tknow,he'ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthataquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊).HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”Somewhatnostalgically(懷舊地),hequotesJohnMaynardKeynes'sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadreamandallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon'sentertainment.”Ifonly!Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(認知的)scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive:“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedanupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.AlthoughLeslie'sbookisn'taboutpolitics,hedoesn'tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleaderofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.HepresentasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.Rumsfeld'sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn'tabsurd—itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn'tfollowhisownadvice.”AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet'sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside'sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywanttoknow.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon'tknow.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone'ssuccess.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge'ssake.Politicalleaders'lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians'andthemedia'slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople'sdecliningcuriosity.Mankindwouldn'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical（制藥的）industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan'tcontrol,”hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“There'remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?Itmightbepreventedandtreated.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.Theycancontributetopeople'shealthonlytoalimitedextent.Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指導(dǎo)),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey'realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI'veeverhad,”saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity'sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:‘Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat'sclearlysolidpraise,'butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanout-standinglettersofrecommendation.“We'r