Unit2 并列句-復合句 學案 -高考英語一輪復習

高三英語完勝語法9學習目標：（LearningAims）1、通過分析典型句子，了解并列句和復合句的特點；學習目標：（LearningAims）1、通過分析典型句子，了解并列句和復合句的特點；2、通過觀察、學習例句，能夠判斷并列句、復合句；3、通過持續(xù)相關訓練，能夠在閱讀中快速斷句和分析句子結構，能在作文中用正確的并列句和復合句表達自己的思想。學法導航：并列句和復合句是高考的必考點。高考常常將對他們的考查融入到完形、閱讀理解中，往往需要分析文中的長難句。此外，在口頭表達和書面表達中恰當使用并列句和復合句，能使表達更準確、更豐富也更有邏輯性。這就要求我們對并列句的結構，并列連詞的特定含義和用法，以及復合句的類型非常熟悉，并逐漸培養(yǎng)對句型、結構、成分以及并列句中的并列連詞和復合句中的關系詞的敏感度。Ⅰ.DiscoveringUsefulStructures句子是英語中的最小語篇單位，對句子準確的分析是閱讀和寫作的重要保障。試分析以下句子的層次。Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwhiteanymore.AlthoughFreddywastakenfromus,wealltooksomethingfromhim.Assadasitwas,Icouldn’thelpsmiling.Ⅱ.SummarizingUsefulStructures一、并列句并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的獨立分句并列在一起構成。其基本結構為：分句+并列連詞+分句。表示承接和遞進關系。表示并列關系和遞進關系的并列連詞有and,both…and….,aswellas,notonly…butalso..,neither…nor等Iexaminedthechickanditseemedfine.Bobaswellashisparentsisgoingonholidaythissummer.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Ihaveneithertimenormoneyfortheball.表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關系。表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對比關系的并列連詞有but,yet,whereas,while等Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,(and)yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.(yet在句中可以作副詞，用作andyet；也可以作連詞)I’dliketostudylawwhile(whereas)mycousinprefersgeography.比較：however/nevertheless/nonetheless(adv.)Hisfirstresponsewastosayno.Later,however,hechangedhismind.Theproblemsarenotserious.Nonetheless,weshallneedtotacklethemsoon.即學即練[2018湖南湘東五校聯(lián)考]PopsingerLuHanpostedasnapofhimselfleaningonthepostboxlastFridaynight.Itreceivedmorethan800,000likesonhisWeiboaccount,____thefeverwasn’tjustonline.[2017吉林長春期中聯(lián)考，69]BeforecomingtoChina,Iwaswarnedthattherewereawfuldriverswhowouldmakelongdetours(繞行)togethigherfares.______,mosttaxidriversIhavemetarenice.答案:but;However表示選擇關系表示選擇關系的并列連詞有or,orelse,otherwise,either..or..,not…but…等。OurteacherisnotanEnglishman，butanAmerican．Shewasn'tinvolvedindrugsoranythinglikethat.即學即練[2018吉林百校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]Asavisitororguestin_______aChinesehomeorrestaurant,youwillfindthattablemannersareessentialinourdailylife!答案：either表示因果關系表示因果關系的并列連詞有so,for等。Theshopdoesn’topenuntil11a.m.,soitlosesalotofbusiness.比較：therefore/thus(adv.)Theircarwasbiggerandthereforemorecomfortable.

Theoilproducerswillraiseprices,thusincreasingtheirprofits.Theleavesofthetreesarefalling,forit’salreadyautumn.比較：because(從屬連詞，引導原因狀語從句，位置可放在句首或句中)Wedidn'tenjoythedaybecausetheweatherwassoawful.

Becausehehadbeeninprison,employerswereunwillingtoofferhimajob.而for是并列連詞，用來連接兩個簡單句，因而位置只能在句中，通常用來解釋“推斷的理由”或表示“補充或附加的原因”。Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundissowet.表示條件或結果常用句型“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”即學即練【2015四川】Readthisstory,______youwillrealizethatnoteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.【2017北京】Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms,____youcouldhaveproblems.答案:and;or二、復合句(一)、定義：是由一個主句和一個及一個以上的從句構成。主句為句子的主體，從句只作句子中的一個成分，不能單獨成句。但從句有自己的主語和謂語等，一般由連接詞引導。（二）、類型：狀語從句、定語從句、名詞性從句。1、含狀語從句的復合句。在復合句中修飾主語謂語動詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、目的、原因、結果、方式、條件、讓步、比較等狀語從句。Whilebirdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Jazzisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic.2、含定語從句的復合句。在復合句中修飾名詞或代詞作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。Someplantspumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofsaltandfat,whichisnotgoodforthehealth!3.含名詞性從句的復合句。在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句，統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們在句中所起的作用，名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysinhisoffice.Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness---that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.三、并列句和復合句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換在一定條件下，并列句和復合句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。并列句轉(zhuǎn)換為復合句，可以根據(jù)句意把其中一個分句轉(zhuǎn)化為從句，再加上相應的從屬連詞。It’sfoggytoday,sowecan’tseethedistanthills.（并列句）Becauseit’sfoggytoday,wecan’tseethedistanthills.（含有條件狀語從句的復合句）復合句轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句，需把一個從句轉(zhuǎn)換成一個分句，再加上一個合適的并列連詞或者具有并列連詞作用的分號。Thoughhehasbeentoldseveraltimes,hestillcan’tunderstandit.（含有讓步狀語從句的復合句）Hehasbeentoldseveraltimes,buthestillcan’tunderstandit.（含有并列連詞的并列句）Hehasbeentoldseveraltimes;however,hestillcan’tunderstandit.（不含并列連詞的并列句）注意：并列連詞和從屬連詞不能在同一句中一并使用。典型錯誤：Althoughhehadonlyenteredthecontestforfun,buthewonfirstprize.Becausehedidhisverybestineverything,sohesucceeded.Ⅲ.Practice單句改錯Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Nikiisalwaysfullofideas,andnoneisusefultomyknowledge.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.Itwasafineday,manychildrenwentswimming.Givenhelpifyoucan,andourcompanywillimprovemorequickly.Themeaningoftheword“nice”changedafewtimesafteritfinallycametoincludethesense“pleasant”.IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,whenmyclassmatesrecommendedtome.Thatparentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.It’snoteasytochangehabits,forwithawarenessandself-control,itispossible.Shewonfirstprizeinthespeechcontestandwhichsurprisedus.完成句子Heisashyman,__________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,_________hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.__________aboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater,theearthlooksblue.Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,_________plantscanspreadtonewplaces.Nomatterhowordinaryajobis,itplaysapartinsocietyand_________deservesourrespect.Thecompositionisallright;thereisroomforimprovement,_____________.IwasdrivingdowntoLondon_________IsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.Sheaskedme_________Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.Myeldestson,_________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.Today,wewillbegin__________westoppedyesterday.---Peter,pleasesenduspostcards_____we’llknowwhereyouhavevisited.There’snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscovery____anotherman,alsointelligent,fails.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside______fullycoveredinthickclothes.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_____youfigureitout.Givemeachance,______I’llgiveyouasurprise.合成句子Anattractivecampuscanmakeourlearningpleasant.Itcanimproveourgrades.____________________________________________________________________________________Somestudentsspendalotoftimeonlearning.Theydon’tdowellinexams.____________________________________________________________________________________Weshouldmakeaplan.Weknowhowtomakefulluseofourtime.____________________________________________________________________________________Ourbrainsneedagoodrestfromtimetotime.Itisagoodideatocombinelearningwithfun.____________________________________________________________________________________Allstudentsinourschoolarewelcometojointheclub.Thestudentsenjoytakingphotosandwanttoimprovetheir