新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總

新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總xxx公司新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度新概念英語第一冊語法重點難點匯總新概念一冊語法點匯總

第一部分:時態(tài)8種

一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在完成時，一般將來時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時

1.

一般現(xiàn)在時

表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。

（1）含有be動詞的句子

The

girl

is

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

students.

★變疑問句三步驟：將be動詞移到句首，首字母大寫，句號變問號。

Is

the

girl

very

beautiful?

Are

Tim

and

Jack

students?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

The

girl

is

not

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

not

students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

she

is.

No,

she

is

not.

Yes,

they

are.

No,

they

are

not.

（2）不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子

第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞

She

likes

him.

The

dog

likes

bones.★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加does,

動詞變?yōu)樵停瑔柼栕兙涮枴?/p>

Does

she

like

him?

Does

the

dog

like

bones?

★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn’t,

動詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化：有了助動詞的幫助，句中動詞變回原形！

She

doesn’t

like

him.

The

dog

doesn’t

like

bones.

肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes,

she

does.

No,

she

doesn’t

Yes,

it

does.

No,

it

doesn’t.

注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數(shù)沒有任何變化。

其他人稱及復數(shù)名詞

I

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

have

some

meat.

The

students

like

smart

teachers.

★變疑問句：在句首加do，句號變問號。

Do

you

want

to

have

a

bath?

Do

we

have

any

meat?

Do

the

students

like

smart

teachers?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don’t.

You

don’t

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

don’t

have

any

meat.

The

students

don’t

like

smart

teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

do.

No,

I

don’t.

Yes,

we

do.

No,

we

don’t

Yes,

they

do.

No,

they

don’t.

2.

現(xiàn)在進行時

表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。

構成：

主語+be動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞doing

We

are

having

lunch.

He

is

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Are

we

having

lunch?

Is

he

reading

a

book?

Is

the

dog

running

after

a

cat?

Are

the

boys

swimming

across

the

river?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加

not

We

are

not

having

lunch.

He

is

not

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

not

running

after

a

cat.The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★特殊疑問句：what,

which,

how,

where,

who,

etc.

疑問詞+動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞

What

are

you

doing?

What

is

she

doing?

What

is

the

dog

doing?

沒有進行時的動詞(必背)

表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作

1.

表示感覺，感官的詞

see,

hear,

like,

love,

want,

2.

have,

has當“擁有”講時沒有進行時

3.

一般過去時

表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，

常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,

last

night,

the

day

before

yesterday,

3

days

ago,

含有be動詞的句子，

將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am,

is的過去式為was，are的過去式為were

I

was

at

the

butcher’s.

You

were

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首

Were

you

at

the

butcher’s?

Were

you

a

student

a

year

ago?

Was

the

teacher

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

I

was

not

at

the

butcher’s.

You

were

not

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

not

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,

I

was.

No,

I

was

not.

Yes,

you

were.

No,

you

were

not.

Yes,

he/she

was.

No,

he/she

was

not.

★特殊疑問句：

What

did

you

do?

不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式

I

finished

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

went

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

lived

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★變疑問句三步驟：在句首加did，

動詞變?yōu)樵?，句號變問號?/p>

Did

you

finish

your

homework

yesterday?

Did

the

boy

go

to

a

restaurant?

Did

the

Sawyers

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did

not

I

did

not

finish

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

did

not

go

to

a

restaurant.The

Sawyers

did

not

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

did.

No,

I

didn’t.

Yes,

he

did.

No,

he

didn’t.

Yes,

they

did.

No,

they

did

not.

4.

現(xiàn)在完成時

構成：主語+助動詞have,

has+過去分詞done

用法：

1)

表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just,

usually,

already,

since等時間副詞連用

I

have

just

had

lunch.

(飽了，不用再吃了)

He

has

had

a

cup

of

tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)

They

have

already

had

their

holiday.

(不能再度假了)

The

boy

has

already

read

the

book.

(已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)

2)

詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：

Have

you

finished

your

homework?

Have

you

been

to

Beijing?

Have

he

seen

the

film?

3)

表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

I

have

lived

in

Beijing

for

twenty

years.

I

have

worked

for

this

school

for

1

year.

4)

表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情I

have

never

had

a

bath.

I

have

never

seen

a

film.

I

have

never

been

to

cinema.

I

have

ever

been

to

Paris.

Have

been

to表示去過，have

gone

to

表示去了

I

have

been

to

London.(人已經(jīng)回來)

He

has

gone

to

London.(人還在那里)

5)

表示一種結(jié)果，

一般不和時間副詞聯(lián)用

I

have

lost

my

pen.

I

have

hurt

myself.

He

has

become

a

teacher.

She

has

broken

my

heart.

句型變化：

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.

e.g.

Have

you

lost

your

pen?

I

have

not

lost

my

pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

have.

No,

I

have

not.

★特殊疑問句：

What

have

you

done?

What

has

he

done?

一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：

凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時

注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用

錯：I’ve

left

Beijing

for

3

days.

對：I

left

Beijing

3

days

ago.

I

have

been

away

from

being

for

3

days.

5.

一般將來時

表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，

經(jīng)常和tomorrow,

next

year,

the

day

after

tomorrow,

the

year

after

the

next,

in

five

hours’

time,

etc.

表示將來的詞聯(lián)用

結(jié)構：

主語+助動詞will+動詞原形do

I

will

go

to

America

tomorrow.

The

pilot

will

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next.

Jack

will

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning.

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

Will

you

go

to

America

tomorrow?

Will

the

pilot

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next?

Will

Jack

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

I

will

not

go

to

America

tomorrow.

The

pilot

will

not

fly

to

Japan

the

month

after

the

next.

Jack

will

not

move

into

his

new

house

tomorrow

morning

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

will.

No,

I

will

not.

Yes,

he/she

will.

No,

he/she

will

not.

Yes,

he

will.

No,

he

will

not.

★特殊疑問句：

What

will

you

do?

6.

過去完成時

用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。

結(jié)構：主語+助動詞had+過去分詞done

After

she

had

finished

her

homework,

she

went

shopping.

They

had

sold

the

car

before

I

asked

the

price.

The

train

had

left

before

I

arrived

at

the

station.

After/before引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。

★變疑問句將助動詞移到句首

Had

she

finished

her

homework?

★變否定句在助動詞后面加not

She

hadn’t

finished

her

homework.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

she

had.

No,

she

hadn’t.

★特殊疑問句：

What

had

she

done?

7.

過去進行時

表示過去正在進行的動作，經(jīng)常用在when,

while,

as引導的狀語從句中。

結(jié)構：主語+was/were

+現(xiàn)在分詞doing

When

my

husband

was

going

into

the

dining

room

this

morning,

he

dropped

some

coins

on

the

floor.

While

we

were

having

dinner,

my

father

was

watching

TV.

8

過去將來時

結(jié)構：主語+

would

+

動詞原形do

She

said

she

would

go

here

the

next

morning.

兩個

特殊句型：there

be

句型，be

going

to

結(jié)構

1)

Be

going

to

結(jié)構

表示打算，準備，計劃做某事

★結(jié)構：主語+be動詞+going

to

+動詞原型

I

am

going

to

make

a

bookcase.

They

are

going

to

paint

it.

The

father

is

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Are

you

going

to

make

a

bookcase?

Are

they

going

to

paint

it?

Is

the

father

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加notI

am

not

going

to

make

a

bookcase.

They

are

going

to

paint

it.

The

father

is

not

going

to

give

the

bookcase

to

his

daughter.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

am.

No,

I

am

not.

Yes,

they

are.

No,

they

are

not.

Yes,

he

is.

No,

he

is

not.

★特殊疑問句

What

are

you

going

to

do?

What

are

they

going

to

do?

What

is

the

father

going

to

do?

(必背)

2)

There

be

句型

表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物)

There

is+單數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

There

is

a

book

in

this

room.

There

is

a

pen

on

the

table

There

are+復數(shù)名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞詞組)

There

are

two

pens

on

the

table.

There

are

three

schools

there.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Is

there

a

book

in

this

room?

Are

there

two

pens

on

the

table?

★變否定句在動詞后面加not

There

is

not

a

book

in

this

room.

There

are

not

two

pens

on

the

table.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

there

is.

No,

there

is

not.

Yes,

there

are.

No,

there

are

not.

第二部分

其他句法及詞法

9

問句

一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句

1)

一般疑問句：助動詞/be動詞+主語

Are

you

a

teacher?

Do

you

want

to

have

a

cup

of

tea?

2)

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句

What

is

your

name?

3)

選擇疑問句：

or

Do

you

want

beef

or

lamb?

4)

反意疑問句：肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分

You

don’t

need

that

pen,

do

you?

5)

否定疑問句：一般疑問句+否定詞

Aren’t

you

lucky?

Don’t

you

want

have

a

rest?

10

限定詞：some,

any,

many,

much·some,

any

修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當期待對方的答案為肯定回答時用some

·

many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many,

much,

而用a

lot

of,

在否定句中表示很多用many,

much.

I

have

a

lot

of

money.

I

don’t

have

much

money.

11

名詞：種類，復數(shù)，名詞所有格

·名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1)不可數(shù)名詞

無法分開的東西：water,

tea,

bread,

milk,

rice(米)

抽象的東西：love,

beauty,

coldness(寒冷)

不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點：

·不能用a,

an修飾

·不能加s

·和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配

2)可數(shù)名詞：

單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：

規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

book→books

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.fox→foxes

church→churches,

bus→buses,

watch→watches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾+s或+es

e.g.

potato→potatoes,

Negro→Negroes,

hero→heroes,

tomato→tomatoes，(口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿)，

剩下一般加s,

radio→radios

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves,

shelf→shelves,

city→cities,

wife→wives

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

fly→flies

3)不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式

man(men)

woman(women)

foot(feet)

goose(geese)

tooth(teeth)

child(children)

sheep(sheep)

deer(deer)

mouse(mice)

fish(fish)

12

副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化

·副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個句子。如：

The

book

is

very

good.

He

runs

fast.

She

came

here

quite

early.

Certainly

I

will

go

with

you.

副詞變化形式：

·直接在形容詞后加-ly,

careful-carefully,

slow-slowly,

·以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,

加-ly,

happy-happily,

lucky-luckily

·有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化

fast,

hard,

late

·有些詞加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠：

neary-nearly,

high-highly,

late-lately

13

情態(tài)動詞的使用：can,

must,

may,

might,

need,

1)情態(tài)動詞can(能夠)，

must(必須)，

may(可以)

結(jié)構：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型

He

can

make

the

tea.

Sally

can

air

the

room.

We

can

speak

English.

★變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首

Can

he

make

the

tea?

Can

Sally

air

the

room?

Can

we

speak

English?

★變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加not

He

cannot

make

the

tea.

Sally

cannot

air

the

room.

We

cannot

speak

English.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

he

can.

No,

he

cannot.

Yes,

she

can.

No,

she

cannot.

Yes,

we

can.

No,

we

cannot.

★特殊疑問句：What

can

you

do?

注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。

2)Must/have

to的區(qū)別

must

表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have

to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做

must

只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have

to

do可以用在任何時態(tài)

3)must,

may,

might表示猜測：

·must

do

表示對現(xiàn)在事實的猜測

·must

have

done表示對過去事實的猜測

·must

have

been

doing

表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測

·may/might

do,

may/might

have

done表示沒有任何事實依據(jù)的猜測，might的可能性更小。

·can’t/couldn’t

表示不可能

14

need

用法：

·表示“需要”時為實意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：

I

need

a

pen.

Do

you

need

any

beer?

No,

I

don’t.

I

need

to

have

a

rest.

·Need

doing=need

to

be

done，表示被動

The

flowers

need

watering.

·Need在否定時做情態(tài)動詞使用

You

needn’t

go

so

early.

=You

don’t

need

to

go

so

early.Must

I

clean

the

desk

right

now?

No,

you

needn’t.

15

不定代詞及不定副詞：

·Some

any

no

every

·thing

something

anything

nothing

everything

·one

someone

anyone

anything

everyone

·where

somewhere

anywhere

anywhere

everywhere

·body

somebody

anybody

nobody

everybody

1)I

looked

for

my

book

everywhere,

but

I

can’t

find

it

anywhere.

2)If

you

want

go

somewhere,

if

you

want

to

be

someone,

you

must

wake

up.

3)Help!

Somebody?

Anybody?

4)You

are

really

something.

5)Since

everybody

is

here,

let’s

begin

our

class.

6)Where

did

you

go?

I

went

nowhere.

7)Nobody

is

at

home.

8)I

have

nothing

left.

16

感嘆句：

1)

What

+名詞+主語+謂語

What

a

beautiful

girl

she

is!

2)

How

+

形容詞+主語+謂語

How

beautiful

the

girl

is!

17

祈使句：

祈使句表示請求，命令，建議，邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語，句末用驚嘆好或者句號，用降調(diào)。

★肯定句

動詞原型

例，

Come

here,

please.

Go

downstairs,

please.

Stand

up.

Sit

down.

Be

quiet.

Be

careful.

祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾

Come

in,

Amy.

Sit

down

here,

Tom.

Mary,

give

me

a

book

please.

★否定：Don't+動詞原型

Don't

come

here.

Don’t

sit

down.

Don’t

stand

up.

Don’t

give

me

it.

let

sb.

do

Let

me

pass.

Let

us

have

a

rest.

Let’s

have

a

rest.

反意疑問：

Let’s

have

a

walk

along

the

river,

shall

we?

被問的人也一同去

Let

us

go

out

for

a

drink,

will

you?

被問的人不去

18

倒裝句：so/neither的倒裝

He

can

swim.

So

can

I.

I

didn’t

go

to

class.

Neither

did

I.

結(jié)構：

so/neither+be+

主語

so/neither+助動詞+

主語

so/neither+情態(tài)動詞+

主語

一般現(xiàn)在時，

do,

does/am,

is,

are

現(xiàn)在進行時，

am,

is,

are

一般過去時，

did

現(xiàn)在完成時，

have,

has

一般將來時，

will,

shall,

過去進行時，was,

were

過去完成時，had

過去將來時，

would

19

直接引語/間接引語

如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那么間接引語要做相應變化：時態(tài)，人稱，時間地點及指示詞

1)

時態(tài)變化：

一般現(xiàn)在時--一般過去時

現(xiàn)在進行時--過去進行時

一般過去時--過去完成時

現(xiàn)在完成時--過去完成時

一般將來時--過去將來時

be

going

to--was/were

going

to/would

can--could

may—might

2)

時間地點及指示詞的變化：

here-there,

tomorrow-the

next

day,

the

following

day,

this-that…

3)

人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。

4)

直接賓語/間接賓語

主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。

He

gives

me

a

book.

me間接賓語，

a

book直接賓語

直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時要加一個介詞to或for

主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語

Give

me

a

book.

Give

the

book

to

me.Send

his

a

letter.

Send

a

letter

to

him.

Show

him

the

new

dress.

Show

the

new

dress

to

him.

20

其他

1)代詞及be動詞

第一人稱

第二人稱

第三人稱

……

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

主格

I

we

you

you

she/he/it

they

賓格

me

us

you

you

her/him/it

them

代詞所有格my

our

your

your

her/his/its

their

名詞性代詞

mine

ours

yours

yours

hers/his/its

theirs

be動詞現(xiàn)在時

Am

are

are

are

is

are

be動詞過去時

was

were

were

were

was

were

2)名詞的復數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

toy→toys

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

fox→foxes

church→churches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾s或+es

e.g.

radio→radios

potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

study→studies

Send

his

a

letter.

Send

a

letter

to

him.

Show

him

the

new

dress.

Show

the

new

dress

to

him.

20

其他

1)代詞及be動詞

第一人稱

第二人稱

第三人稱

……

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

單數(shù)

復數(shù)

主格

I

we

you

you

she/he/it

they

賓格me

us

you

you

her/him/it

them

代詞所有格

my

our

your

your

her/his/its

their

名詞性代詞mine

ours

yours

yours

hers/his/its

theirs

be動詞現(xiàn)在時

Am

are

are

are

is

are

be動詞過去時

was

were

were

were

was

were

2)名詞的復數(shù)

規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

shell→shells

toy→toys

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

fox→foxes

church→churches

規(guī)則3

以o結(jié)尾s或+es

e.g.

radio→radios

potato→potatoes

規(guī)則4

以f,

fe結(jié)尾的，變f,

fe為ves

e.g.

life→lives

half→halves

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變y為i+es

e.g.

sky→skies

study→studies3)動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式

規(guī)則1

一般情況+s

e.g.

like-likes,

look--looks

規(guī)則2

以s,

x,

ch,

sh結(jié)尾+es

e.g.

do-does,

catch--catches

規(guī)則5

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，

變yi+es

e.g.

carry-carries,

fly--flies

4)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

規(guī)則一

一般動詞加-ing

e.g.

look-looking,

read-reading,

play-playing

規(guī)則二

以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-ing

e.g.

make-making,

take-taking,

arrive-arriving

規(guī)則三

重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，

即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ing

e.

g.

run-running,

sit-sitting,

get-getting,

swim-swimming,

stop--stopping

5)動詞過去式

規(guī)則動詞變化

規(guī)則一

一般動詞加-ed

e.g.

look-looked,

watch-watched,

play--played

規(guī)則二

以e結(jié)尾的加-d

e.g.

make-maked,

arrive--arrived

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed

cry-cried,

carry-carried

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，

即單詞中只有一個元音字母，其后緊跟一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-ed

stop-stopped,

過去式的讀音

在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/

e.g.

walked,

jumped

在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/

e.g.

washed,

watched在/t/，/d/后讀/id/

e.g.

waited,

hated

6)形容詞和副詞的比較級

比較級

規(guī)則一

一般加-er

e.g.

high-higher

規(guī)則二

以結(jié)尾加-r

nice-nicer

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-er

busy-busier,

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

雙寫輔音字母再加-er

fat-fatter,

形容詞和副詞的最高級

最高級

規(guī)則一

一般加-est

e.g.

high-highest

規(guī)則二

以結(jié)尾加-st

nice-nicet

規(guī)則三

以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加-est

busy-busiest

規(guī)則四

重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，

雙寫輔音字母再加--est

fat-fattest

7)常見縮寫：

is=’s

I

am=I’m

are=’re

is

not=isn’t/

iznt/

are

not=aren’t

/a:nt/

do

not=don’t

does

not=doesn’t

was=’s

did

not=didn’t

can

not=can’t

have=’ve

has=’s

have

not=haven’t

has

not=hasn’t

will=’ll

will

not=won’t

shall

not=shan’t

新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習。整本書是以單數(shù)課為正課，并附帶有插圖而雙數(shù)課則是針對單數(shù)課所講的內(nèi)容有針對性地進行練習，從此出展現(xiàn)出整個新概念一教材區(qū)別于其他教材的獨特之處。

以下是對新概念一整本教材的理解和剖析，以供各位對整個課本的理解和把握上參考和借鑒。

首先根據(jù)課本中出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)來分析：

本冊書的語法出現(xiàn)層次性和規(guī)律性是很強的，首先我們先來整本書中都出了哪些時態(tài)，這些時態(tài)的具體分布和講解時我們大家需要注意的遞進性。

Lesson

31—34

現(xiàn)在進行時

Lesson

37—40

第一次出現(xiàn)be

going

to

的將來時

Lesson

51—56

一般現(xiàn)在時

Lesson

67—76

為一般過去式

Lesson

83—90

為現(xiàn)在完成時

Lesson

91—96

為一般將來時

(will)

Lesson

117—118

過去進行時

Lesson

119—120

過去完成時

除去前面所有時態(tài)和句型所占據(jù)的76課我們一起來看一下以下的68課，每一課小的語言點，語法點都是在什么地方，應該用什么樣的方式來講解。

在這里告訴學員新概念一的每一個單課的重點都是出現(xiàn)雙課的標題和課后的練習題里面。

Lesson1—2

語言點：與陌生人說話或引起別人的注意。Excuse

me.

Yes?

Pardon?

Thank

you

very

much.

語法點：主系表結(jié)構this為主語，名詞做表語1的一般疑問句以及它的肯定回答。Is

this

your

handbag?

Yes,

it

is.

Lesson

5—6

語言點：如何介紹別人。This

is

Miss

Sophie

Dupont.

Nice

to

meet

you.

語法點：主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的主系表結(jié)構。She

is

French.

He

is

German.

It’s

a

Volvo.(L6)

a/an

的使用。

Lesson

7—8

語言點：如何自我介紹和相互認識。

語法點：主語為第二人稱的主系表結(jié)構。Are

you

French?

What

nationality

are

you?

What’s

your

job?

特殊疑問句。

Lesson

9—10

語言點：朋友或熟識的人之間如何相互問候。How

are

you?

語法點：主系表結(jié)構形容詞做表語。

介詞短語表示位置

near

the

window,

on

the

televion,

on

the

wall

Lesson

29—30

語言點：如何發(fā)號命令。

語法點：祈使句（肯定）。

動詞與賓語的固定搭配。

Lesson

37—38

語言點：如何表達將要做的事情。

語法點：現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)be

going

to

do結(jié)構表達將要發(fā)生的事情。

There

be

句型的一般疑問句形式。

Lesson

41-42

語法點：如何表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。

Lesson

63-64

語言點：建議忠告。

語法點：don’t

do….

You

mustn’t

do…

Lesson

65-66

語法點：具體時間表示法(半點和刻鐘）。

反身代詞。

具體日期表達方式。

Lesson

73-74

語言點：問路。

語法點：不規(guī)則動詞的過去式。

形容詞轉(zhuǎn)變成副詞。

Lesson

77-78

語言點：看病。

語法點：綜合時間表達方式。

Lesson

105-106

語言點：辦公室用語。

語法點：want

sb

to

do…./

tell

sb

to

do…以及其否定形式。

Lesson

103-104

語言點：考試。

語法點：賓語從句。（從句部分為非現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）

程度副詞

too,

very

,enough

Lesson

125-126

語言點：/

語法點：have

to

do…/

don’t

need

to

do…Lesson

127-128

語言點：娛樂界。

語法點：must/can’t

對現(xiàn)在事情的肯定/否定猜測。

Lesson

129-130

語言點：交通狀況。

語法點：must/can’t

have

been….對過去事情的肯定/否定猜測。

Lesson

131-132

語言點：度假。

語法點：may

對現(xiàn)在/過去事情的肯定或否定猜測。

以下學的知識慢慢與新二接軌：

現(xiàn)在完成時：Lesson

83—90

直接引語變成間接引語：Lesson

99—102

形容詞的比較級和最高級：Lesson107—112

neither

,so

的用法：Lesson

113—114

不定代詞的用法：Lesson

115—116

過去進行和過去完成時：Lesson

117—120

定語從句：Lesson

121—124

情態(tài)動詞的綜合用法：Lesson

125—132

直接引語變間接引語：Lesson

133—136（著重講時態(tài)的倒推）

if

的用法：Lesson

137—140

被動語態(tài)：Lesson

141—144

英語中的時態(tài)一共有八種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般將來時、過去進行時、過去完成時、過去將來時。

今天我們所要講的就是第一種：

一般現(xiàn)在時——表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實。

1、含有be動詞的句子

He

is

a

teacher.

The

girl

is

very

beautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

students.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Is

he

a

teacher?

Is

the

girl

very

beautiful?

Are

Tim

and

Jack

students?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

He

is

not

a

teacher.

The

girl

is

not

verybeautiful.

Tim

and

Jack

are

not

students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

he

is.

/

No,

he

is

not.

Yes,

she

is.

/

No,

she

is

not.

Yes,

they

are.

/

No,

they

are

not.

2、不含有be動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子。

(1)第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞

He

likes

books.

She

likes

him.

The

dog

likes

bones.

★變疑問句在句首加does,

動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Does

he

like

books?

Does

she

like

him?

Does

the

dog

like

bones?

★變否定句在主語及動詞之間加doesn't,

動詞變?yōu)樵?，原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。

He

doesn't

like

books.

She

doesn't

like

him.

The

dog

doesn't

like

bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes,

he

does.

/

No,

he

doesn't.

Yes,

she

does.

/

No,

she

doesn't

Yes,

it

does.

/

No,

it

doesn't.

注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數(shù)沒有任何變化。

(2)其他人稱及復數(shù)名詞

I

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

have

some

meat.

The

students

like

smart

teachers.

★變疑問句在句首加do

Do

you

want

to

have

a

bath?

Do

we

have

any

meat?

Do

the

students

like

smart

teachers?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加don't.

You

don't

want

to

have

a

bath.

We

don't

have

any

meat.

The

students

don't

like

smart

teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

do.

/

No,

I

don't.

Yes,

we

do.

/

No,

we

don't

Yes,

they

do.

/

No,

they

don't.

現(xiàn)在進行時

——表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作

構成：主語＋be動詞＋動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞＋其它成分

We

are

having

lunch.

He

is

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Are

we

having

lunch?

Is

he

reading

a

book?

Is

the

dog

running

after

a

cat?

Are

the

boys

swimming

across

the

river?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加

not

We

are

not

having

lunch.

He

is

not

reading

a

book.

The

dog

is

not

running

after

a

cat.

The

boys

are

swimming

across

the

river.

★特殊疑問句：what,

which,

how,

where,

who,

etc.

疑問詞＋動詞＋主語＋現(xiàn)在分詞

What

are

you

doing?

What

is

she

doing?

What

is

the

dog

doing?

沒有進行時的動詞（必背）

表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作：

1.

表示感覺，感官的詞

see,

hear,

like,

love,

want

2.

have,

has當“擁有”講時沒有進行時

一般過去時

表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,

last

night,

the

day

before

yesterday,

3

days

ago...

含有be動詞的句子，將be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am,

is的過去式為was,

are的過去式為were：

I

was

at

the

butcher's.

You

were

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首

Were

you

at

the

butcher's?

Were

you

a

student

a

year

ago?

Was

the

teacher

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago?

★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

I

was

not

at

the

butcher's.

You

were

not

a

student

a

year

ago.

The

teacher

was

not

very

beautiful

ten

years

ago.

★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,

I

was.

/

No,

I

was

not.

Yes,

you

were.

/

No,

you

were

not.

Yes,

he/she

was.

/

No,

he/she

was

not.

★特殊疑問句

What

did

you

do?（必背）

不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式：

I

finished

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

went

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

lived

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Did

you

finish

your

homework

yesterday?

Did

the

boy

go

to

a

restaurant?

Did

the

Sawyers

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago?

★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did

not

I

did

not

finish

my

homework

yesterday.

The

boy

did

not

go

to

a

restaurant.

The

Sawyers

did

not

live

at

King

Street

a

year

ago.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,

I

did.

/

No,

I

didn't.

Yes,

he

did.

/

No,

he

didn't.

Yes,

they

did.

/

No,

they

did

not.

現(xiàn)在完成時構成：主語+助動詞have,

has+過去分詞

用法：1）

表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和just,

usually,

already,

since等時間副詞連用。

I

have

just

had

lunch.

（飽了，不用再吃了。）

He

has

had

a

cup

of

tea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）

They

have

already

had

their

holiday.

（不能再度假了。）

The

boy

has

already

read

the

book.

（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了。）

2）

詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時：

Have

you

finished

your

homework?

Have

you

been

to

Beijing?

Have

he

seen

the

film?

3）

表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作

I

have

lived

in

Beijing

for

twenty

yea