專八考博英語翻譯真題匯總(漢譯英,英譯漢)

【中文】我的一個(gè)好朋友最近接受了白血病測試。她對我說，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待測試結(jié)果的那一周時(shí)間。我朋友說，她可能會學(xué)著直面壞結(jié)果。但真正讓人煎熬焦慮的是那種茫然的感覺。孟克(EdvardMunch的名畫《吶喊》哈佛大學(xué)心理學(xué)家吉爾伯特(DanielGilbert不久前在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》(NewYorkTimes的專欄中寫道，不知道要發(fā)生什么壞事比知道什么壞事要發(fā)生的感覺更糟。我們大多數(shù)人之所以會夜不能寐、抽煙發(fā)泄，并不是因?yàn)榈拉偹怪笖?shù)要再跌1000點(diǎn)，而是因?yàn)槲覀儾恢赖乐笗粫碌ぉげ淮_定的感覺比不確定的事情本身更折磨人?！居⑽摹緼closefriendofminerecentlyunderwenttestsforleukemia.Themostagonizingpartoftheordeal,shesaid,wastheweek-longwaitforthetestresults.Abadoutcomeshecouldlearntocopewith,myfriendsaid.Itwasthenotknowing,theuncertainty,thatwassodifficult.'Peoplefeelworsewhensomethingbadmightoccurthanwhensomethingbadwilloccur,'wroteHarvardpsychologistDanielGilbertinarecentNewYorkTimesop-ed.'Mostofusaren'tlosingsleepandsuckingdownMarlborosbecausetheDowisgoingtofallanotherthousandpoints,butbecausewedon'tknowwhetheritwillfallornot─andhumanbeingsfinduncertaintymorepainfulthanthethingsthey'reuncertainabout.'

【中文】一艘貨輪卸貨后在浩瀚的大海上返航時(shí)，突然遭遇了可怕的風(fēng)暴。水手們驚慌失措，經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的老船長果斷地命令水手們立刻打開貨艙，往里面灌水。“船長是不是瘋了，往船艙里灌水只會增加船的壓力，使船下沉，這不是自尋死路嗎？”一個(gè)年輕的水手嘟噥著?！居⑽摹縃omewardboundafterunloadingitscargo,ashipranintoaviolentstorminthemiddleofavastocean.Theseamenwerethrownintoapanic.Withouthesitation,theoldbutseasonedcaptainorderedwaterbepouredintotheholdimmediately."Amadman,isn'the?Heisgoingtobringhisowndestructionbyfillingwaterintotheholdandmakingtheshipgodown",grumbledayoungsailor.

【中文】看著船長嚴(yán)厲的臉色，水手們還是照做了。隨著貨船里的水位越升越高，隨著船一寸一寸地下沉，猛烈的狂風(fēng)巨浪對船的威脅卻一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地減少，貨輪漸漸平穩(wěn)了?！居⑽摹縉oticingthecaptain'ssternlook,thesailorsreluctantlycarriedouthisorder.Withthewatercomingupintheholdandtheshipgoingdowninchbyinch,thethreateningoftheviolentstormtotheshipgraduallysubsidedandtheshipstartedtostablize.

【中文】船長望著松了一口氣的水手們說：“百萬噸的巨輪很少有被打翻的，被打翻的常常是份量輕的小船。船在負(fù)重的時(shí)候，是最安全的；空船時(shí)，則是最危險(xiǎn)的?！薄居⑽摹縏hecaptainsaidtotherelievedsailors:"Amillionton"shipseldomturnsover;it'softenthesmallshipsthatsankeasily.It'ssafestwhenashipiswithload,andthemostdangerouswhenwithout."

【中文】這就是“壓力效應(yīng)”。那些得過且過，沒有一點(diǎn)壓力，做一天和尚撞一天鐘的人，像風(fēng)暴中沒有載貨的船，往往一場人生的狂風(fēng)巨浪便會把他們打翻。【英文】Thisiscalledthe"pressureeffect".Themanwhoalwaysmuddlesthroughinhisworkwilleasilybefrustratedinacompetitivesocietyjustlikeanunloadedship

thatwillturnedovereasilyinastorm.

【中文】雷曼兄弟（LehmanBrothers）昨日公布，公司第二季度收益大增47%，但其股價(jià)卻大幅下挫，原因是投資者擔(dān)心波動(dòng)較大的市場和不斷上升的利率，會中止華爾街投行近來利潤大增的趨勢。這家華爾街投行表示，公司第二季度收益為10億美元，合每股收益1.69美元，而上年同期的收益為6.83億美元，合每股1.13美元。該公司固定收益產(chǎn)品交易業(yè)務(wù)業(yè)績強(qiáng)勁，抵消了債券承銷收入大幅下降的負(fù)面影響?！居⑽摹縇ehmansharesdipinspiteofearningssurgeLehmanBrothersyesterdayreporteda47percentjumpinsecond-quarterearningsbutitssharesfellsharplyamidinvestorfearsthatvolatilemarketsandrisinginterestratescouldcutintoWallStreet'srecentrunofblockbusterprofits.TheWallStreetbanksaiditearned$1bn,or$1.69ashare,inthesecondquarter,upfrom$683m,or$1.13ashare,ayearearlier.Strongfixed-incometradingresultsoffsetasharpdropindebt-underwritingrevenue.

【中文】突然之間，人人都在談?wù)摬粩嘞У陌偃f富翁們。周二，《華爾街日報(bào)》有篇文章談到了美國馬里蘭州百萬富翁越來越少?，F(xiàn)在有消息說，英國的百萬富翁人數(shù)減少了約一半。這并不是因?yàn)楦晃虃円泼窕蚴潜芏惾チ耍莻€(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)狀況出了問題。正如過去一年中我所寫的，富人們在此次危機(jī)中遭受了重創(chuàng)，原因主要是他們的投資和房地產(chǎn)的價(jià)值銳減。正因?yàn)槿绱耍偃f富翁（特別是富翁中的“貧困戶”）的人數(shù)驟減。【英文】Suddenlyeveryoneistalkingaboutdisappearingmillionaires.TuesdaytherewasTheWallStreetJournaltalkingaboutthevanishingMarylandmillionaires.NowcomeswordthatBritainhaslostabouthalfitsmillionaires.Thereasonisn'temigrationortaxrevolts.Itispersonalfinances.AsIhavebeenwritingforthepastyear,therichhavebeenhammeredbythiscrisis,largelybecauseoftheplungeinthevalueoftheirinvestmentsandrealestate.As

【中文】與舞蹈和音樂相伴的歌謠跟口頭流傳的神話，遠(yuǎn)在文字出現(xiàn)之前就已大量產(chǎn)生。中國的文學(xué)正是發(fā)端于此。不過歌謠本是人們在生活中隨興而發(fā)的東西，上古時(shí)代也沒有保存和記載它們的手段，因之也就很快湮滅，不留痕跡。我們只能從一些古籍書中推斷它們的存在。古書中記載了一些據(jù)稱年代非常久遠(yuǎn)的歌謠，但是大多出于后人的偽托，能夠斷定朝代的歌謠要到《詩經(jīng)》里才能看見。從這點(diǎn)來看，古代神話對中國文學(xué)的影響更為顯著。【英文】Longbeforetheemergenceofthewrittenword,ballads,accompaniedbymusicanddance,andmyths,passedaroundbywordofmouth,werewidelypopular.Chineseliteraturefindsitsoriginsinthesetraditions.However,balladswerewhatpeopleimprovisedoutofdailylife,andduetolackofmeanstorecordandpreservetheminancienttimes,theyquicklydisappearedwithoutleavingmuchofatrace.Today,wecanonlydeducetheirexistencefromancientbooks,whichrecordedsometime-honoredballads,thoughmostofthesearebelivedtobederivativesoflatergenerations.BalladsintheBookofSongsaretheearliestwritingsthatcanbedated.Fromthispointofview,ancientmythologyobviouslyhashadagreatinfluenceonChineseliterature.

【英文】Thethirty-seconddayoutofBombaybeganinauspiciously.Inthemorningaseasmashedoneofthegalleydoors.Wedashedinthroughlotsofsteamandfoundthecookverywetandindignantwiththeship:"She''sgettingworseeveryday.She''stryingtodrownmeinfrontofmyownstove!"Hewasveryangry.Wepacifiedhim,andthecarpenter,thoughwashedawaytwicefromthere,managedtorepairthedoor.Throughthataccidentourdinnerwasnotreadytilllate,butitdidn''tmatterintheendbecauseKnowles,whowenttofetchit,gotknockeddownbyaseaandthedinnerwentovertheside.Theship''scaptain,lookingmorehardandthin-lippedthanever,wouldnotnoticethattheship,askedtodotoomuch,appearedtoloseheartaltogetherforthefirsttimesinceweknewher.【中文】出孟買灣之后的第32天開始就透著些許的不祥。清晨，海浪先是將一扇船門砸壞。我們冒著濃濃的霧氣沖了進(jìn)去，發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師渾身濕透，正在對這條船大發(fā)牢騷。"它變得一天比一天不中用了。它愣是要想法子把我淹死在這爐灶前。"他顯得異常的憤怒。我們設(shè)法讓他平靜下來，而木工盡管被海水沖走過兩次，但還是努力把門修好。由于發(fā)生了這一變故，我們的晚飯直到很晚才弄好，但這一點(diǎn)最終也變得無關(guān)緊要，因?yàn)榍叭N房端飯菜的Knowles被洶涌的波濤掀倒在地，飯菜順著船舷全都撒入海中。船長臉上的表情變得愈發(fā)嚴(yán)峻，雙唇緊咬。他全然沒能意識到，整條船由于被要求去完成許多它力所不能及的任務(wù)，打從我們認(rèn)識它以來，首次出現(xiàn)了力不從心的跡象。

【英文】IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent-e.g.inpaintingandmusic-theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan"Englishtradition"afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEnglandwillbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown-andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.【中文】在某種程度上，我贊同我那假想中的英國讀者的觀點(diǎn)。美國文學(xué)史家或許慣于過分狹隘地看待其本國文壇，誤將卓著當(dāng)作獨(dú)特。他們確實(shí)會用過多的筆墨來渲染其本國文學(xué)，至少，對其次要作家他們肯定會這樣做。此外，美國人確實(shí)會走極端，要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文學(xué)，要么進(jìn)行著同樣不幸的亦步亦趨式的頂禮膜拜。但反過來說，英國人自己在其文學(xué)鑒賞中也顯得有些狹隘愚陋。此外，在他們并無上乘表現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域--例如繪畫與音樂，他們也會走極端，不是吹噓他們本國的作品，就是大肆模仿歐洲大陸的作品。有多少幅英國繪畫試圖看上去仿佛是在巴黎完成的;但我們又有多少次曾在文章中讀到它們真正代表著一種"英國式的傳統(tǒng)"呢?那么，要談?wù)撁绹膶W(xué)，倒并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學(xué)全然大相徑庭。廣而言之，美國與歐洲一直同步發(fā)展，協(xié)調(diào)一致。在任何一個(gè)特定的時(shí)刻，旅行者在兩地均能目睹同一樣式的建筑實(shí)例，相同款式的服飾，書架上相同的書籍。在大西洋兩岸，思想如同人員與貨物往來一樣自由交流，盡管有時(shí)會略顯遲緩。當(dāng)我提及美國式的習(xí)慣、思想等概念時(shí)，我意欲在"美國式的"這一詞匯之前加上某種限定，因?yàn)闅W美(尤其是英美之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異而已，并且有時(shí)候僅僅只是微乎其微的一點(diǎn)程度差異而已。差異的多寡是件極為微妙的事務(wù)，這極容易使一個(gè)英國人在審視美國時(shí)大惑不解。他所審視的那個(gè)國家，從某些重要的意義上來說，誕生于他自己的國家，并在某些方面仍與他自己的國家相差無幾--然而，它卻實(shí)實(shí)在在是一個(gè)異邦。兩者間存在著某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感;親緣關(guān)系已讓位于一種突如其來的異化與疏遠(yuǎn)，這種情景仿佛就像我們隔著馬路向另一個(gè)人打招呼，結(jié)果卻從這個(gè)人漠無表情的反應(yīng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們原來竟然錯(cuò)將生人當(dāng)成了熟人。

【中文】來美國求學(xué)的中國學(xué)生與其他亞裔學(xué)生一樣，大多非?？炭嗲趭^，周末也往往會抽出一天甚至兩天的時(shí)間去實(shí)驗(yàn)室加班，因而比起美國學(xué)生來，成果出得較多。我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來自德國外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門上貼一醒目招牌："本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間必須全力以赴。"這位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顧別人勸阻，硬著頭皮接受了導(dǎo)師的資助，從此開始了艱難的求學(xué)旅程?！居⑽摹縇ikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuefurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.Mysupervisor(advisor/tutorisofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp(anirritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,"Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours."Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringtheremonstrations(admonishments/dissuasionsfromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor''ssponsorshipandembarkedonthedifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit(undertakingfurtherstudiesintheUnitedStates.

【英文】Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety''spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.【中文】聆聽歌劇，無疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的事物并非必定屬于富人的范疇，除非我們放棄社會的選擇權(quán)。我們可以選擇去使歌劇以及其他某些昂貴的文化形式也能為那些不具備個(gè)人支付能力的人所享受。但問題是，我們有必要這么做嗎?沒人會否認(rèn)食物、居所、防護(hù)、健康與教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前時(shí)代的洞穴中，人類伸出手來，早就不單純是為了吃、喝或搏殺，而且亦進(jìn)行繪畫創(chuàng)作。人類對于文化的沖動(dòng)，通過形象思維和再現(xiàn)手段來表現(xiàn)并探索世界的欲望，乃亙古有之。在歐洲，這一欲望在我們的音樂、藝術(shù)、文學(xué)和戲劇杰作中尋找到了其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式。這些杰作構(gòu)成了我們?nèi)颗Φ脑嚱鹗?。作為試金石，它們能衡量出人類的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它們攜帶著最寓意深刻的主題，可在人類彼此間相互傳遞。

【中文】近讀報(bào)紙，對國內(nèi)名片和請柬的議論頗多，于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常見到的法國人手中的名片和請柬，隨筆記下來，似乎不無借鑒之處。在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會、冷餐會是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會。在這種場合陌生人相識，如果是亞洲人，他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會主動(dòng)掏出名片。二話不說先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。法國人的名片講究樸素大方，印制精美，但很少有鑲金邊兒的，閃光多色的或帶香味兒的，名片上的字體纖細(xì)秀麗，本人的名字也不過分突出，整張紙片上空白很大，毫無擁擠不堪的感覺?！居⑽摹縄nreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationletters.ThishastriggeredmyreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownthoserandomreminiscences,Ibelievethattheymightprovidesomeusefulinformationforustolearnfrom.InParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette.Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteerstopresenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casualchat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involvedintheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.TheFrenchtendtotakeextraordinaryprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssimpleyetelegant.Exquisitelydesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldomgolden-framed,orcolorfullyshiny,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Thelettersasappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlyprominent/salient.Theentirecardcontainsmuchemptyspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.

【英文】Fourmonthsbeforetheelectionday,fivemengatheredinasmallconferenceroomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthatmarkedtheremainingdaysofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSaturdayinJuneandatteno’’clockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspracticallydeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullydrawn.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountryforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategythatwouldguaranteeRonaldReagan’’sresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation’’seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceededmorethananypresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.【中文】在離選舉日還有四個(gè)月的時(shí)間，有五個(gè)人聚集在里根-布什總部的一個(gè)小型會議室里，翻著看一張碩大無比的日歷，日歷上清晰地標(biāo)識出了1984年總統(tǒng)競選剩下的日子。這是六月份的最后一個(gè)星期六的上午10時(shí)，整幢辦公樓的其他部分幾近人去樓空。即便如此，這幾個(gè)人仍將大門緊閉，小心翼翼地拉下窗簾。三個(gè)主要人物及其二個(gè)副手從美國的不同地方匯聚在一起，召開一個(gè)殊為重要的會議。他們的目標(biāo)是構(gòu)思出一種策略，來確保里根能再次當(dāng)選，在第二任期內(nèi)再度入主白宮。要謀求再次當(dāng)選理應(yīng)輕而易舉。這是一些久經(jīng)沙場的退伍老兵，與里根有著千絲萬縷的漫長聯(lián)系，與共和黨的聯(lián)系甚至更為久遠(yuǎn)。這些人深諳總統(tǒng)政治，一如他們熟知這個(gè)國家中的所有政治事務(wù)那樣。競選的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美國正置身于太平盛世之中;作為選舉的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，整個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)在步出蕭條期之后正強(qiáng)勁反彈。此外，競選本身所籌得的款項(xiàng)更是不計(jì)其數(shù)。用于支付一流水平的競爭班子工作人員工資、進(jìn)行巡回造勢、以及制作播放電視廣告的錢款綽綽有余。最為重要的是，他們所推介的總統(tǒng)候選人是羅納爾德·里根(RonaldReagan，一位風(fēng)度翩翩，魅力無窮，又極具迷人溝通技巧的執(zhí)政總統(tǒng)。與約翰·F·肯尼迪(JohnF.Kennedy以來的任何一位歷屆總統(tǒng)相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅廣闊的關(guān)于美國未來的前景--美國將成了一個(gè)重振軍事雄風(fēng)、民眾富于個(gè)人進(jìn)取心、聯(lián)邦政府更加精簡高效的國家。

【英文】約翰·施特勞斯的故居在一條大街上，是一座沿街的粉紅色的四層樓老公寓房子。施特勞斯曾住在這座房子二層樓上的兩套房間里，于1886年末到1867年初在這里譜寫了《藍(lán)色的多瑙河》這支名曲。那時(shí)他已經(jīng)42歲了，在維也納音樂界中負(fù)有盛名，但只是在這支樂曲問世以后，才奠定了他"圓舞曲之王"的地位。這座房子距多瑙河不遠(yuǎn)，步行約半個(gè)多小時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)還是一片大森林，施特勞斯常常穿過森林到河邊去散步，現(xiàn)在房屋已鱗次櫛比，成為熱鬧的大街了。【中文】TheformerresidenceofJohnStraussissituatedonabigstreet,insideanoldpink-coloredfour-storyapartmentbuildingalongthestreet.Strausslivedintwosuitesonthesecondfloorofthisbuildinginwhichhecomposedfromtheendof1866tothebeginningof1867thefamousTheBlueDanubeWaltz.Atthattimehewasalready42yearsoldandenjoyedahighreputationwithinthemusicalcircleofVienna.However,itwasnotuntilthecompositionofthismelodythathebecamefirmlyestablishedastheKingofWaltz.ThehouseinwhichhelivedwasnotfarawayfromtheDanubeRiver,whichwaswithinthereachofhalfanhour''swalk.Atthattime,therewasahugeforestbetweentheriverandhishouseandStrausswouldfrequentlygothroughtheforesttohaveawalkbythesideoftheriver.Nowtheforesthasbeenreplacedbyrowsandrowsofdenselyadjacenthousesandbuildings,turningtheplaceintonoisystreets.

【英文】Thoughfondofmanyacquaintances,Idesireanintimacyonlywithafew.TheManinBlack,whomIhaveoftenmentioned,isonewhosefriendshipIcouldwishtoacquire,becausehepossessesmyesteem.Hismanners,itistrue,aretincturedwithsomestrangeinconsistencies,andhemaybejustlytermedahumoristinanationofhumorists.Thoughheisgenerouseventoprofusion,heaffectstobethoughtaprodigyofparsimonyandprudence;thoughhisconversationberepletewiththemostsordidandselfishmaxims,hisheartisdilatedwiththemostunboundedlove.Ihaveknownhimprofesshimselfaman-hater,whilehischeekwasglowingwithcompassion;and,whilehislooksweresoftenedintopity,Ihaveheardhimusethelanguageofthemostunboundedill-nature.Someaffecthumanityandtenderness,othersboastofhavingsuchdispositionsfromNature;butheistheonlymanIeverknewwhoseemedashamedofhisnaturalbenevolence.Hetakesasmuchpainstohidehisfeelings,asanyhypocritewouldtoconcealhisindifference;butoneveryunguardedmomentthemaskdropsoff,andrevealshimtothemostsuperficialobserver.【中文】盡管我喜歡廣交朋友，但我只愿與為數(shù)不多的幾人成為至交。我所提及的那位黑衣男士，就是那樣一個(gè)我希冀與其成為莫逆之交的人，因?yàn)樗畹梦业木把?。誠然，其行為舉止不乏某些怪異的出爾反爾，他全然可被稱為幽默家王國中的幽默大師。雖然他慷慨大方，乃至奢靡無度，但他仍假惺惺地希望人們將其視作節(jié)儉與審慎之奇才。盡管其言談之中滿是污穢和自私的格言，其內(nèi)心卻充盈著最博大無際的愛心。據(jù)我所知，他常宣稱自己是人類憎惡者;然而，他的臉龐上卻總漾溢著憐憫之情。雖然其神情會柔化為一片慈悲，我卻聽到過他使用最為惡劣的言辭，其惡劣程度可謂無以復(fù)加。有些人佯裝人道與柔情，也有一些人則夸耀說這樣的秉性乃天性使然。但在我所有認(rèn)識的人當(dāng)中，唯有他似乎羞恥于其與生俱有的慈悲之心。他會竭力掩飾其真情，一如任何一個(gè)偽君子會掩飾其冷漠那樣。然則，在每一個(gè)毫無防范的瞬間，那戴著的假面具便會脫落下來，使其畢露于哪怕是最為膚淺的觀察者。

【中文】加拿大的溫哥華1986年剛剛度過百歲生日，但城市的發(fā)展令世界矚目。以港立市，以港興市，是許多港口城市生存發(fā)展的道路。經(jīng)過百年開發(fā)建設(shè)，有著天然不凍良港的溫哥華，成為舉世聞名的港口城市，同亞洲、大洋洲、歐洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班輪，年貨物吞吐量達(dá)到8，000萬噸，全市就業(yè)人口中有三分之一從事貿(mào)易與運(yùn)輸行業(yè)。溫哥華(Vancouver的輝煌是溫哥華人智慧和勤奮的結(jié)晶，其中包括多民族的貢獻(xiàn)。加拿大地廣人稀，國土面積比中國還大，人口卻不足3000萬。吸收外來移民，是加拿大長期奉行的國策?？梢哉f，加拿大除了印第安人外，無一不是外來移民，不同的只是時(shí)間長短而已。溫哥華則更是世界上屈指可數(shù)的多民族城市。現(xiàn)今180萬溫哥華居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4個(gè)居民中就有一個(gè)是亞洲人。而25萬華人對溫哥華的經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型起著決定性的作用。他們其中有一半是近5年才來到溫哥華地區(qū)的，使溫哥華成為亞洲以外最大的中國人聚居地?！居⑽摹縄n1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheusualpracticethatportcitiesresorttofortheirexistenceanddevelopment.Afteracentury''sconstructionanddevelopment,Vancouver,whichboastsofanaturally-formedice-freeharbor,hasbecomeaninternationallycelebratedportcity,operatingregularoceanlinerswithAsia,Oceania,EuropeandLatinAmerica.Itsannualcargo-handlingcapacityreaches80milliontons,withonethirdofthecity''semployedpopulationengagedintradeandtransportationbusiness.ThegloriousachievementsofVancouveristhecrystallization(fruitionofthewisdom(intelligenceandtheindustryoftheVancouverpeopleasawhole,includingthecontributionsmadebyadiversityofethnicminorities.Canadaisalargecountrywithasmallpopulation.AlthoughitsterritoryisbiggerthanthatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomeanationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,exceptforIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouvereconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfiveyears,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseconcentrate.

【英文】Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormalesisathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.【中文】在某些社會中，人們希望擁有孩子是出于所謂的家庭原因：傳宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖輩的歡心，使那些涉及到整個(gè)家族的宗教儀式得以發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用。此類原因在現(xiàn)代世俗化的社會中似顯蒼白，但它們在其他地方曾一度構(gòu)成并確實(shí)仍在構(gòu)成強(qiáng)有力的理由。此外，有一類家庭原因與下列類別不無共通之處，這便是：生兒育女是為著維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于無所事事;修復(fù)婚姻或?yàn)榛橐鲎⑷胄碌幕盍?多子多孫，以為家庭幸福，惟系于此。這一點(diǎn)更可因其相反情形而得以凸現(xiàn)：在某些社會中，無法生兒育女(或無法生育男孩于婚姻而言可構(gòu)成一種威脅，并可作為離婚的一個(gè)順理成章的(或現(xiàn)成的緣由。除了所有這一切以外，還有一個(gè)原因，那就是后代對于家庭這一體制本身所具有的深遠(yuǎn)意義。對許多人來說，夫婦兩人尚不足以構(gòu)成一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子來豐富其兩人小天地，賦予該小天地以真正意義上的家庭性質(zhì)，并從子孫后代身上獲取某種回報(bào)。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作為一種社會體制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少從原則上說，可在一個(gè)變幻莫測、常常是充滿敵意的世界中讓人從中獲取某種安全、慰藉、保障，以及價(jià)值取向。于大多數(shù)人而言，這樣的一個(gè)家庭基礎(chǔ)，即使從其表層意義上來講，也需要不至一個(gè)人來維持其存在，并使其世代相傳，生生不息。

【英文】TheReaganadministration''smostseriousforeignpolicyproblemsurfacedneartheendofthepresident''ssecondterm.In1987AmericanslearnedthattheadministrationhadsecretlysoldarmstoIraninanattempttowinfreedomforAmericanhostagesheldinLebanonbyradicalorganizationscontrolledbyIran''sKhomeinigovernment.InvestigationalsorevealedthatfundsfromthearmssaleshadbeendivertedtotheNicaraguancontrasduringaperiodwhenCongresshadprohibitedsuchmilitaryaid.TheensuingIran-contrahearingsbeforeajointHouse-SenatecommitteeexaminedissuesofpossibleillegalityaswellasthebroaderquestionofdefiningAmericanforeignpolicyinterestsintheMiddleEastandCentralAmerica.Inalargersense,theIran-contrahearings,likethecelebratedSenateWatergatehearings14yearsearlier,addressedfundamentalquestionsaboutthegovernment''saccountabilitytothepublic,andtheproperbalancebetweentheexecutiveandlegislativebranchesofgovernment.【中文】里根政府最嚴(yán)重的對外政策問題在總統(tǒng)第二任期行將結(jié)束之際浮出水面。1987年，美國人得知里根政府曾秘密向伊朗出售武器，試圖為那些美國人質(zhì)換取人身自由，這些人質(zhì)被伊朗霍梅尼政府所控制的激進(jìn)組織囚禁于黎巴嫩。此外，調(diào)查也披露，這些武器交易中所得的款項(xiàng)被轉(zhuǎn)移到尼加拉瓜反政府武裝組織的手里，但在這一時(shí)期，美國國會早已禁止此類性質(zhì)的軍事援助。隨后所舉行的參眾兩院聯(lián)合委員會的有關(guān)"伊朗-反政府武裝組織事件"聽證會審議了有可能存在的非法問題，以及對美國在中東和中美洲對外政策利益進(jìn)行界定這一更為廣泛的問題。從某種較為寬泛的意義上說，有關(guān)"伊朗-反政府武裝組織事件"的聽證會，猶如14年前著名的參議員水門事件聽證會那樣，所涉及到的都是某些根本性問題，即政府應(yīng)如何向公眾負(fù)責(zé)，以及政府行政與立法部門之間如何才能達(dá)成某種恰如其分的平衡。

【中文】科學(xué)就是探求真理。在探求真理的過程中，人們對客觀規(guī)律的認(rèn)識要經(jīng)過艱苦曲折的過程。常常有這樣的情形：由于研究的角度不同，掌握資料的差異，認(rèn)識方法的不同，就會出現(xiàn)"橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰，遠(yuǎn)近高低各不同"的情況，以至引起學(xué)術(shù)上的爭論。因此，有作為的科學(xué)工作者都把反對的意見看作對自己的莫大的幫助，把對自己的批評當(dāng)作最珍貴的友誼。正如歌德所說，"我們贊同的東西使我們處之泰然，我們反對的東西才使我們的思想獲得豐產(chǎn)。"這都是因?yàn)椋澩囊庖娢幢卣_，反對的意見未必錯(cuò)誤。退一步說，即使錯(cuò)誤的反對意見，對自己的科學(xué)研究也是很有好處的?！居⑽摹縎ciencemeanstheexplorationoftruth.Intheprocessofexploringtruth,peoplewillhavetoexperiencetremendoushardshipsanddifficultiesbeforetheycancometounderstandtheobjectivelaws.Itisoftenthecasethatthedifferencesintheresearchperspectives,thematerialsmastered,andthewaysofunderstandingwouldleadtototallydifferentresults-aswemightsay,"amountainbecomesahillwhenviewedhorizontallyandaridgewhenviewedvertically,anditassumestotallydifferentshapeswhenviewedfromashortoralongdistance,orfromahighoralowposition."-andevenleadtoacademicdisputes.Therefore,anaccomplishedscientistwouldregardopposingargumentsashismosttremendousbenefitandtakeothers''criticismofhimasthemostpreciousfriendshipthathecaneverobtain.InGothe''swords,"Wetakeforgrantedwhatweareinfavorof.However,onlywhatweareopposedtocanenrichourthoughts."Thisisallbecausetheapprovingopinionsarenotnecessarilyjustifiedwhiletheopposingargumentsarenotnecessarilyunfounded.Toputitintheleastway,eventheopposingargumentsthataremistakenwillbeimmenselybeneficialtoone''sownscientificresearch.

【英文】AlthoughtheAmericaneconomyhastransformeditselfovertheyears,certainissueshavepersistedsincetheearlydaysoftherepublic.Oneisthecontinuingdebateovertheproperroleforgovernmentinwhatisbasicallyamarketplaceeconomy.Aneconomybasedonfreeenterpriseisgenerallycharacterizedbyprivateownershipandinitiative,witharelativeabsenceofgovernmentinvolvement.However,governmentinterventionhasbeenfoundnecessaryfromtimetotimetoensurethateconomicopportunitiesarefairandaccessibletothepeople,topreventflagrantabuses,todampeninflationandtostimulategrowth.Eversincecolonialtimes,thegovernmenthasbeeninvolved,tosomeextent,ineconomicdecision-making.Thefederalgovernment,forexample,hasmadehugeinvestmentsininfrastructure,andithasprovidedsocialwelfareprogramsthattheprivatesectorwasunableorunwillingtoprovide.Inamyriadofwaysandovermanydecades,thegovernmenthassupportedandpromotedthedevelopmentofagriculture.【中文】雖然美國經(jīng)濟(jì)在過去幾年中已實(shí)現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)型，但某些問題自美國建國之初以來一直持續(xù)至今，依然懸而未決。其中之一便是圍繞著政府在一個(gè)基本上屬于市