2021年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題試卷（三）

2021年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題試卷（三）本試題來源于考生回憶，僅供廣大考生參考，請(qǐng)勿用作其他用途！作文Supposeyouhavejustparticipatedinaschoolprojectofcollectingusedbooksoncampus.Youarenowtowriteareportabouttheproject,whichmayincludeitsaim,organizers,participantsandactivities.Youwillhave30minutestowritethereport.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【正確答案】AReportontheProjectofUsedBooksCollectingToWhomItMayConcern,Aschoolprojectofcollectingusedbookswasheldlastweekend.Theproject,organizedbyStudentUnion,targetedmainlyjuniorandseniorstudentsandattractedmanysophomores,too.Thefollowingaresomeofthedetails.Aimedatraisingstudents,awarenessofrecyclingandhelpingthemdevelopahabitofthrifty,theprojectconsistsofthreeactivities.Thefirstoneisbarterinwhichstudentsbringtheirusedbooksinexchangeforbookstheyneed.Thesecondisdonation,inwhichbooks,mainlycartoonsandmagazines,aredonatedtoaremoteruralschoollibrary.Inthethirdactivity,books,mainlyreferenceonesandmaterialsforCET_4,CET-6andgraduateentranceexam,aregivenawaytostudentsinneedforfree.Iamveryhappytoreportthatabout500usedbookshavefoundnewreaders,that800havebeencollectedfortheruralschoollibrary,andthatthenumberofthelatterisstillgrowing.Onthisaccount,Isuggestthatactivitiesofthiskindbeheldonceasemester.Yourssincerely,LiMing詞匯理解Thesheetsaredampwithsweat.You'recold,butyourheartisracingasifaki1lerjustchasedyoudownadarkstreet.Itwasjustanightmare,youtellyourself;there，snothingtobeafraidof.Butyou*restillfilledwith[Cl].Givenhowunsettlingandhauntingnightmarescanbe,isthereawayfordreamersto[C2],oreventurnoff,thesebaddreamsastheyhappen?Researchis[C3] ,butsomestudiessuggestthatpeoplewhocanmasterluciddreaming-thatis,theabilitytobe[C4]thatanightmareishappeningandpossiblyevencontrolitwithoutwakingup-mayholdthe[C5].Nightmaresarepartofthehumanexperience,especiallyforkids.Doctors[C6]don，tconsideroccasionalnightmaresaproblem.Theycanjustbesymptomsofasleepdisorderthatcan[C7]fromanunpleasantexperience,stress,orcertaindrugs.Totreatthedisorder,thereareanumberofmedicinesandtherapiesthatarebackedby[C8]research,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine,whichanalyzedtheavailableresearchonthetreatmentofnightmaredisorderinarecent[C9]publishedintheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.However,nightmaresarecomplicated,andresearchersarestillstrugglingtounderstandthem,saidDr.RachelSalas,anexpertonsleepdisordersandanassociateprofessoratJohnsHopkinsMedicineinBaltimore.Whatwedoknowisthatpeople[CIO]tohavedifferentkindsofnightmaresatdifferentpointsduringthesleepcycle.A)amountB)answerC)avoidD)awareE)departF)drasticallyG)fearH)limitedI)mechanicalJ)resultK)reviewL)rigorousM)tendN)timidity0)typically【正確答案】[Cl]【正確答案】G【試題解析】空格前的結(jié)構(gòu)是befilledwith,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。本句意為：但你仍然充滿.由前一句可知，你知道只是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)，沒什么可怕的。本句與前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“害怕”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為G)fear。N)timidity表示“膽怯”，指缺乏勇氣，與句意不符，因此排除。[C2]【正確答案】C【試題解析】空格前的結(jié)構(gòu)是awayto—,結(jié)合下文與空格處構(gòu)成選擇關(guān)系的turnoff,空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。本句意為：考慮到噩夢(mèng)是多么令人不安和揮之不去，做夢(mèng)的人有沒有辦法,甚至在這些糟糕的夢(mèng)發(fā)生時(shí)關(guān)掉它們?空格后的or表示選擇關(guān)系，even表示程度加深，因此空格處應(yīng)填入與turnoff意義相近的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為C)avoid。備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形的詞義與tunoff無關(guān)，因此排除。[C3]【正確答案】H【試題解析】空格前有is,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的-ed形式或-ing形式。本句意為：研究是.本句信息較少，無法直接推斷出答案。根據(jù)后一分句“但有一些研究表明……”可知，空格處所表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)與后一分句成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可以推出目前的研究還有限，結(jié)合備選形容詞詞義，可確定答案為H)limited。另外幾個(gè)備選詞中,D)aware的主語是人，Dmechanical不能修飾research,rigorous與后面的分句不能構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故排除。[C4]【正確答案】D【試題解析】空格前有be,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞或動(dòng)詞的-ed形式或-ing形式。本句意為：那些能夠掌握清醒夢(mèng)的人也就是能夠 噩夢(mèng)正在發(fā)生，甚至可能在不醒來的情況下控制噩夢(mèng)。破折號(hào)之間的部分是插入語，對(duì)前面luciddreaming“清醒夢(mèng)”進(jìn)行解釋。由此可知，所謂“清醒夢(mèng)”就是知道噩夢(mèng)在發(fā)生，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“知道，意識(shí)到"意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為D)aware。[C5]【正確答案】B【試題解析】空格前有定冠詞the,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。本句意為：那些能夠掌握清醒夢(mèng)的人也就是能夠意識(shí)到噩夢(mèng)正在發(fā)生，甚至可能在不醒來的情況下控制噩夢(mèng)可能就有了。本段是對(duì)第二段提出的問題“有沒有方法避免甚至關(guān)掉噩夢(mèng)？”所做的回答。很明顯，會(huì)清醒地做夢(mèng)的人就可以關(guān)掉噩夢(mèng)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“答案，辦法”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為B)answer。[C6]【正確答案】0【試題解析】空格后面是謂語動(dòng)詞don'tconsider,因此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞。本句意為：醫(yī)生一 不認(rèn)為偶爾做噩夢(mèng)是個(gè)問題。前一句提到，噩夢(mèng)是人類經(jīng)歷的一部分，后一句提到，它們可能只是睡眠障礙的癥狀。由此可知，在醫(yī)生看來，噩夢(mèng)是比較正常的，通常不會(huì)是大問題。因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“通常”意義的副詞，由此確定答案為0)typically?另外一個(gè)備選副詞F)drastically"急劇地"不符合句意，因此排除。8.[C7]【正確答案】J【試題解析】空格前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞原形。本句意為：它們可能只是睡眠障礙的癥狀，可能是由不愉快的經(jīng)歷、壓力或某些藥物。空格所在的that從句是定語從句，修飾sleepdisorder。由句意可知，that從句里提到的因素可以導(dǎo)致sleepdisorder,因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有''由……引起”意義的動(dòng)詞原形，由此確定答案為J)resulto備選的其他動(dòng)詞原形中，除E)depart之外，其他均不能與介詞from連用，但是departfrom表示“出發(fā)：違反(常規(guī))”的意思，不符合句意，因此排除。[C8]【正確答案】L【試題解析】空格后有名詞research,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞。本句意為：為了治療睡眠障礙，有很多得到了研究支撐的藥物和療法。本題可以用排除法。在備選形容詞中，D)aware不能作名詞的定語，即不能位于名詞之前，Dmechanical不能修飾research,意義不通，因此排除這兩項(xiàng)。H)limited意思是"有限的"，與句中anumberof“大量的"相矛盾，因此排除。由此確定本題答案為L(zhǎng))rigorous,rigorousresearch表示“嚴(yán)格的研究”。[C9]【正確答案】K【試題解析】空格前有形容詞recent,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞。本句意為：最近發(fā)表在《臨床睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上的一篇,分析了關(guān)于治療噩夢(mèng)障礙的現(xiàn)有研究。由句意可知，發(fā)表在《臨床睡眠醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上的這篇文章是對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究的梳理，在學(xué)術(shù)寫作中，這類文章屬于綜述性質(zhì)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入含有“綜述”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為K)review。[CIO]【正確答案】M【試題解析】分析空格所在句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞，且能與后面的tohave構(gòu)成todo結(jié)構(gòu)。本句意為：我們所知道的就是，人們?cè)谒咧芷诘牟煌瑫r(shí)間做不同類型的噩夢(mèng)。備選項(xiàng)中符合要求的只有M)tend“往往”使句意通順，故答案為M)。備選的其他動(dòng)詞均沒有此含義，而且都不能與t。d。連用，因此排除。長(zhǎng)篇閱讀WhyitmattersthatteensarereadinglessA)Mostofusspendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmediathanwedidadecadeago.Buttoday*steenshavegrownupwithsmartphones.Comparedwithteensacoupleofdecadesago,thewaytheyinteractwithtraditionalmedialikebooksandmoviesisfundamentallydifferent.B)AnalysisofsurveysofoveronemillionteensintheUnitedStatescollectedsince1976revealsamajorshiftinhowteensarespendingtheirleisuretime.Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens.Digitaldevicesarechangingotherbehaviors,too.Moreandmore,youngpeoplechoosespendingtimeontheirelectronicdevicesoverengaginginotheractivities,regardlessofthetype.Indeed,by2016,theaverageAmericanhighschoolseniorsaidtheyspentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonlineduringtheirfreetime.Andthatcoversjustthreeactivities,andifotherdigitalmediaactivitieswereincluded,thatestimatewouldnodoubtrise.C)Teensdidnotalwaysspendthatmuchtimewithdigitalmedia.Onlinetimehasdoubledsince2006,andsocialmediausehasmovedfromaperiodicactivitytoadailyoneinthesameperiod.By2016,nearlynineoutoftenyoungwomeninthe12thgradesaidtheyvisitedsocialmediasiteseveryday.Meanwhile,timespentplayingvideogamesrosefromunderanhouradaytoanhourandahalfonaverage.OneoutoftenAmerican8thgradestudentsin2016spent40hoursaweekormoreplayingvideogames.Letmeemphasizethatthisisequaltothetimemostadultsspendperweekatwork.D)Ifteensarespendingsomuchtimeusingelectronicdevices,doesthatmeantheyhavetogiveupsomeotheractivities?Maybenot.Overtheyears,manyscholarshaveinsistedthattimeonlinedoesnotnecessarilytakeawaytimespentengagingwithtraditionalmediaoronotheractivities.Somepeople,theyargue,arejustmoreinterestedincertainkindsofmediaandentertainment.Thus,usingmoreofonetypeofmediadoesnotnecessarilymeanlessoftheother.E)Thatmaybetrue,butthatstilldoesnottellusmuchaboutwhathappensacrossawholegenerationofpeoplewhentimespentondigitalmediagrows.LargesurveysconductedoverthecourseofmanyyearstellusthatAmericanyoutharenotgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast.While70percentof8thand10thgradestudentsusedtogotothemoviesonceamonthormore,nowonlyabouthalfdothis.Moreandmore,watchingamovieissomethingteenschoosetodoontheirelectronicdevices.Whyisthisaproblem?Onereasonisthatgoingtothecinemaisgenerallyasocialactivity.Now,watchingmoviesissomethingthatmostteensdoalone.Thisfitsalargerpattern.Inanotheranalysis,researchersfoundthattoday*steensgooutwiththeirfriendsmuchlessoftenthanpreviousgenerationsdid.F)Butthetrendsrelatedtomoviesarelessdisturbingcomparedwiththechangeinhowteensspendtheirtime.Researchhasrevealedanenormousdeclineinreading.In1980,about60percentofseniorhighschoolstudentssaidtheyreadabook,newspaperormagazineeverydaythatwasnotassignedforschool.By2016,only16percentdid.Thisisahugedropanditisimportanttonotethatthiswasnotmerelyadeclineinreadingpaperbooks,newspapersormagazines.Thesurveyallowedforreadingmaterialsonadigitaldevice.G)Indeed,thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentswhosaidtheyhadnotreadanybooksforpleasureinthelastyearwasoneoutofthreeby2016.Thatistriplethenumberfromtwodecadesago.Fortoday*syouth,books,newspapersandmagazineshavelessandlessofapresenceintheirdailylives.Ofcourse,teensarestillreading.Buttheyaregenerallyreadingshorttexts.Mostofthemarenotreadinglongarticlesorbooksthatexploredeepthemesandrequirecriticalthinkingandreflection.Perhapsnotaccidentally,in2016readingscoreswerethelowesttheyhaveeverbeensince1972.H)Thismightpresentproblemsforyoungpeoplelateron.Whenhighschoolstudentsgoontocollege,theirpastandcurrentreadinghabitswillinfluencetheiracademicperformance.Imaginegoingfromreadingtextsasshortasoneortwosentencestotryingtoreadentirebookswrittenincomplexlanguageandcontainingsophisticatedideas.Readingandcomprehendinglongerbooksandchapterstakespractice,andAmericanteensarenolongergettingthatpractice.I)Sohowcanthisproblembesolved?Shouldparentsandteacherstakeawayteens'smartphonesandreplacethemwithpaperbooks?Probablynot.ResearchhasshownthatsmartphonesarecurrentlyAmericanteens'mainformofsocialcommunication.Thismeansthat,withoutasmartphone,teensarelikelytofeelisolatedfromtheirpeers.However,thatdoesnotmeanteensneedtouseelectronicdevicesasoftenastheydonow.Dataconnectingexcessivedigitalmediatimetomentalhealthissuessuggestsa1imitoftwohoursadayoffreetimespentwithscreens,arestrictionthatwi11alsoallowtimeforotheractivities-likegoingtothemovieswithfriendsorreadinglonger,morecomplicatedtexts.J)Thelatterisespeciallyimportant.Iwouldarguethatofallthechangesbroughtaboutbythewidespreaduseofdigitaldevices,thehugedeclineinreadingislikelytohavethebiggestnegativeimpactontoday'steensbecausereadingbooksandlongerarticlesisoneofthebestwaystolearncriticalthinking.Ithelpspeopletounderstandcomplexissuesandtoseparatefactfromfiction.Thus,deepreadingiscrucialforbeingagoodcitizen,asuccessfulcollegestudentandaproductiveemployee.Ifseriousreadingdies,alotwillgowithit.【正確答案】Manyyears,surveysrevealthatyoungpeopleinAmericaaregoingtothecinemamuchlessoftenthantheyusedto.【正確答案】E【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，多年來進(jìn)行的大型調(diào)查告訴我們，美國(guó)年輕人去電影院的頻率不像過去那么高了。題干中的goingtothecinemamuchlessoftenthantheyusedto對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的notgoingtothecinemanearlyasoftenastheydidinthepast,故答案為E）。SurveyanalysisshowsAmericanteensnowspendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks.【正確答案】B【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，對(duì)自1976年以來在美國(guó)收集的一百多萬個(gè)青少年的調(diào)研進(jìn)行分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們度過休閑時(shí)間的方式發(fā)生了巨大變化。紙質(zhì)書籍正在被忽視，而電子屏幕卻備受喜愛。題干中的Surveyanalysis和spendtheirleisuretimeondigitaldevicesratherthanreadingprintedbooks分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的Analysisofsurveys和Paperbooksarebeingignored,infavorofscreens,故答案為B）。Thenumberofseniorhighschoolersnotreadingbooksforpleasureinayearincreasedthreetimesover20years.【正確答案】G【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，事實(shí)上，截至2016年，表示過去的一年沒有因?yàn)闃啡ざx過任何書籍的高中生人數(shù)達(dá)到了三分之一。這個(gè)數(shù)字是20年前的三倍。題干中的increasedthreetimes和over20years分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的triple和twodecadesago,故答案為G）oManyscholarsclaimthatspendingtimeonelectronicdevicesdoesn'tnecessarilymeanadecreaseoftimeforotheractivities.【正確答案】D【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，多年來，很多學(xué)者堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間不一定會(huì)占用花在傳統(tǒng)媒體或者其他活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間。題干中的timeonelectronicdevices和adecreaseoftime分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的timeonline和takeawaytime,故答案為D）。Mostpeoplespendmuchmoretimeinteractingwithdigitalmediathantheydidtenyearsago.【正確答案】A【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，與十年前相比，我們大多數(shù)人在數(shù)字媒體上花的時(shí)間更多了。題干中的interactingwithdigitalmedia對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的spendmuchmoretimewithdigitalmedia。題干中的tenyearsago對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的adecadeago。同時(shí)題干中的Mostpeople是指原文中的Mostofus,故答案為A）。Theauthorclaimsthatitwillbeagreatlossifwenolongerreadbooksandlongerarticles.【正確答案】J【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。J）段第二句指出，閱讀量的大幅下降可能對(duì)當(dāng)今青少年產(chǎn)生最大的負(fù)面影響。該段最后一句指出，如果嚴(yán)肅的閱讀消失了，很多東西也會(huì)隨之消失。題干中的agreatloss和booksandlongerarticles分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的gowithit和seriousreading,故答案為J）。Overadecadeorso,Americanteens'socialmediauseshiftedfromanoccasionalactivitytoaroutineone.【正確答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到青少年并不是一直花那么多時(shí)間在數(shù)字媒體上的。白2006年以來，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間翻了一番，而與此同時(shí)，數(shù)字媒體的使用也己經(jīng)從定期活動(dòng)變成了日?；顒?dòng)。題干中的shiftedfrom和anoccasionalactivitytoaroutineone對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的movedfrom和aperiodicactivitytoadailyone,故答案為C）。AmoredisturbingtrendinAmericatodayisthatteensarespendingfarlesstimereadingthanaroundfourdecadesago.【正確答案】F【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，但與青少年如何分配時(shí)間的變化相比，與電影相關(guān)的趨勢(shì)沒有那么令人不安。研究顯示，青年人的閱讀量大幅下降。題干中的Amoredisturbingtrend和farlesstimereading分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的lessdisturbing和anenormousdeclineinreading,故答案為F）。Somefiveyearsago,highschoolseniorsinAmericagenerallyspentmorethansixhoursadayonelectronicdevices.【正確答案】B【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，事實(shí)上，截至2016年，美國(guó)高中高年級(jí)學(xué)生說他們?cè)诳臻e時(shí)間里平均每天要花6個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間用于寫短信、上社交媒體以及上網(wǎng)。題干中的Somefiveyearsago和spentmorethansixhoursadayonelectronicdevices對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的by2016和spentsixhoursadaywritingtextmessages,onsocialmedia,andonline,故答案為B）。22.ItwasfoundthatAmericanyoungsterstodaydon'tsocializenearlyasmuchastheearliergenerations.【正確答案】E【試題解析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，在另一項(xiàng)分析中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如今的青少年與朋友外出的次數(shù)比前幾代人少得多。題干中的youngsterstoday、socialize和earliergenerations分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的today'steens、gooutwiththeirfriends和previousgenerations,故答案為E）。仔細(xì)閱讀Haveyoueverwonderedhowacceptableitistohugortouchsomeone?Whileitmaysoundsafetoavoidallphysicalcontactsoasnottooffendanyone,thelackoftouchingmightimplycoldattitudesorindifferenceininterpersonalrelationships.So,whatshouldwedo?Thesimpleansweristothoroughlylearnuniqueculturalnormsforphysicalcontact.Innonverbalcommunicationterminology(術(shù)語)，physicalcontactandthestudyoftouchingaregenerallyreferredtoashaptics.Hapticsincommunicationoftensuggestthelevelofintimacy.Theyareusuallyclassifiedintotwogroups:high-contactandlow-contact.AsiaandquitesurprisinglytheUnitedStates,CanadaandBritainbelongtolow-contactcultures.Peoplefromtherestoftheworld,suchasLatinAmerica,areconsideredtobeinhigh-contactcultures,wheretheytendtoexpecttouchinginsocialinteractionsandfeelmorecomfortablewithphysicalcloseness.Despitetheclassification,therearemorecomplexfactorssuchasrelationalcloseness,gender,age,andcontextthatcanaffecthowsomeoneviewsphysicalcontact.OnecommonFrenchcustomofgreetingsischeekkissing,butitismostlyrestrictedtofriends,closeacquaintancesandfamilymembers.Whilecheek-kissingforLatinAmericansisalsoauniversalgreetingform,itdoesnotrequiresuchahighdegreeofrelationalcloseness.However,gendermattersmoreforthembecausecheek-kissingoftenonlyhappensbetweenwomenoramanandawomanbutnottwomen.Incontrast,incertainArabian,African,andAsiancountries,mencanpubliclyholdhandsorshowphysicalaffectionassignsofbrotherhoodorfriendshipwhilethesebehaviorsmaysuggestaromanticrelationshipinotherpartsoftheworld.Althoughmen'stouchingismorenormalinthesecultures,physicalcontactbetweenpersonsofoppositesexeswhoarenotfamilymembersisnegativelyperceivedinArabiancountries.Thesefactorscoulddefinitelyaffectthedegreetowhichsomeoneiscomfortablewithtactile(觸覺的)communicationandphysicalintimacy.Therefore,ifyouaresomeonewholovestoshowphysicalaffection,youshouldnotbeafraidtoshowitordrasticallychangeyourbehaviors-justaskforconsentbeforehand!【正確答案】Whatdoestheauthorsayinthefirstparagraphaboutphysicalcontact?(A)Itsroleininterpersonalrelationshipsisgettingincreasinglyimportant.(B)Itisbecomingmoreacceptabletomanywhousedtothinkitoffensive.Itsabsencemightsuggestalackofwarmthininterpersonalrelationships.Itmightpromptdifferentresponsesfrompeopleofdifferentsocialbackgrounds.【正確答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，雖然避免一切身體接觸以免冒犯任何人聽起來很穩(wěn)妥，但缺乏接觸可能意味著人際關(guān)系中的冷淡態(tài)度或漠不關(guān)心。由此可見，缺少身體接觸會(huì)讓人覺得你在人際交往中表現(xiàn)得不夠熱情，故答案為C)。第一段未提到身體接觸越來越重要的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故排除A)；第一段第二句表明，有些人會(huì)為了避免冒犯別人而避免所有的身體接觸，但并未提及這些人現(xiàn)在是否接受身體接觸的行為，故排除B)；第一段沒有提到身體接觸會(huì)引發(fā)不同背景的人的不同反應(yīng)，故排除D)。Whatdoesphysicalcontactinconununicationsuggest?Whatsocialclasspeoplebelongto.Howcivilizedthecommunicatorsare.Whatfamilybackgroundpeoplecomefrom.Howclosethecommunicators'relationshipsare.【正確答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句可知，觸覺指的就是身體接觸和對(duì)觸碰的研究。第三段第一句提到，交流中的觸覺通常暗示著親密程度。由此可知，答案為D)。文章中未提及社會(huì)階層和身體接觸之間的關(guān)系，故排除A)；B)中提到的有禮貌并未在文中出現(xiàn)，故排除；文章第五、六段提及家庭成員之間的身體接觸，但不涉及家庭背景，故排除C)oWhatdowelearnaboutpeopleinhigh-contactcultures?Theyaresensitivetothewaypeopleexpresstheiremotions.Theytaketouchingasaculturalnorminsocialinteractions.Theyattachgreatimportancetoclosetiesamongpeople.Theytendtobemoreopenininterpersonalrelationships.【正確答案】B【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，來自世界其他地區(qū)的人，如拉丁美洲人，被認(rèn)為處于高接觸文化中，他們往往會(huì)在社交互動(dòng)中期待接觸，并對(duì)身體上的親近感到更舒適。由此推斷出，觸摸是高接觸文化中的人在社交時(shí)的一種典型行為和習(xí)慣，屬于一種文化規(guī)范，故答案為B)。A)在文中未提及，故排除；定位句中提到高接觸文化中的人對(duì)身體上的親近感到更舒適，而C)提到的是看重人與人之間的親密關(guān)系，與定位句中身體上的親近不是一個(gè)概念，故排除C)：D)中的更開放沒有在文中提及，故排除。WhatdowelearnaboutsocialcustomsinArabiancountries?Mencanshowfriendshipinpublicthroughphysicalaffection.Non-traditionalromanticrelationshipsaresimplyunacceptable.Physicalcontactbetweenunfami1iarpeopleisnegativelyperceived.Peopleofdifferentagesandgendersshowaffectionindifferentways.【正確答案】A【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，在某些阿拉伯、非洲和亞洲國(guó)家，男性可以公開握手或有身體上的親近行為，并將其視為兄弟情誼或友誼的象征，而在世界其他地區(qū)這些行為可能暗示戀愛關(guān)系。由此可見，在阿拉伯國(guó)家，男性可以在公共場(chǎng)合通過身體接觸來表達(dá)友誼，故答案為A)。B)在文中并未提及，故排除；C)中的negativelyperceived在第六段最后一句中出現(xiàn)，該句指出非家庭成員的異性之間的身體接觸會(huì)被消極地理解，并非不熟悉的人之間的身體接觸，因此該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文不相符，故排除：第四段最后一句提到還有一些更復(fù)雜的因素，如關(guān)系親密度、性別、年齡和背景，可能會(huì)影響人們對(duì)身體接觸的看法，而不是影響人們表達(dá)喜愛的方式，因此排除D)。Whatdoestheauthortellustodoconcerningtactilecommunication?Layemphasisonnonverbalcommunication.Learntouseappropriatebodylanguagefirst.Payattentiontothedifferencesbetweengenders.Takeotherpeople,spreferenceintoconsideration.【正確答案】D【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，有些因素會(huì)影響人們對(duì)觸覺交流和身體親密的舒適程度。這就意味著不同人對(duì)身體接觸的接受度是不一樣的。因此，作者在下一句提出建議，如果你是一個(gè)喜歡表現(xiàn)身體親近的人，要在有身體接觸之前征得對(duì)方允許，故答案為D)oA)“重視非語言交流”和B)“首先學(xué)會(huì)使用合適的身體語言”在文中沒有提及，故排除；C)提及的性別差異只是影響人們對(duì)身體接觸接受度的眾多因素之一，除此之外，還有年齡、背景等。因此，僅僅注意性別差異是不夠的，故排除C)。Fromclimatechangetotheongoingpandemic(大流行病)andbeyond,theissuesfacingtoday*sworldareincreasinglycomplexanddynamic.Yetsolvingproblemsliketheserequiresnewapproachesthatextendbeyondtraditionalwaysofthinking.AstudyledbyYaleProfessorofPsychology,PaulO'Keefe,foundthathavingagrowthmindset(思維傾向)ofinterestmaysparkthistypeofinnovation.ProfessorO'Keefeestablishedinearlierstudiesthatpeopleholddifferentbeliefsaboutthenatureofinterest.Thosewithagrowthmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestscanbedevelopedandcultivated,whilethosewithafixedmindsetofinteresttendtobelievethatinterestsareinherent(與生俱有的)andsimplyneedtobe'found.'Buildingonthesefindings,thelatestresearchexaminedhowagrowthmindsetofinterestcanboostintegrativethinkingacrossthetraditionaldisciplinaryboundariesofartsandsciences.Forexample,inonetask,researchparticipantswereinstructedtocreatenewcollegemajorsbycombiningtwoormoreexistingacademicArtsorScienceprogramsattheiruniversity.Aftercodingandanalyzingtheideastheygenerated,theteamfoundthatpeoplewithagrowthmindsetofinterestweremore1ikelytobridgeprogramsacrosstheartsandsciencestocreatenewmajorslikecomputationaleconomicsratherthancreatingmajorsthatdrewfromonlyoneofthoseareas,likecomputationalchemistry.AsProfessorO'Keefepointedout,“Thisresearchprovidesausefuldirectionfororganizationswhoseproductsandservicescallforintegratedandcreativesolutions.Takesmartphonesforexample.Youneednotonlycomputerscienceandengineeringknowledge,butalsoanunderstandingofpsychologyandvisualdesigntocreateabetterproduct.Employeeswithagrowthmindsetmaybemorelikelytodeviseinnovativeideasthatbridgemultipleareasofknowledgetoachievebettersolutions."Thebenefitsofagrowthmindsetofinterestmayalsoextendtothoseseekingemployment.ThisisapressingissuebecausemanypeoplearebecomingunemployedduetotheCOVID_19pandemic.Havingagrowthmindsetofinterestcanhelpjobseekersexpandtheirinterestsandbecomemoreadaptabletodifferentfields,andtaketheinitiativetolearnnewskills.【正確答案】Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheworldtoday?Itfacesproblemsthataregettingmorevariedandcomplicated.Ithasdoneawaywithmanyofthetraditionalwaysofthinking.Itisundergoingradicalandprofoundchanges.(D)Itiswitnessingvarioustypesofinnovations.【正確答案】A【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，從氣候變化到目前的大流行病以及其他問題，當(dāng)今世界的問題越來越復(fù)雜和多變。A)中的variedandcomplicated對(duì)應(yīng)原文中complexanddynamic,故答案為A)。文章第一段第二句提到解決這些問題需要超越傳統(tǒng)思維方式的新方法，并未說明傳統(tǒng)思維己經(jīng)被廢除，故排除B)；C)“它正在經(jīng)歷徹底而深刻的變革”和D)“它正在見證多種多樣的創(chuàng)新”在文中未提及，故排除.WhatdidProfessorO'Keefefindinhisearlierstudies?People*sintereststendtochangewithage.People，sinterestsdeterminetheirmindsets.Peoplearedividedaboutthenatureofinterest.Peopleofdifferentageshavedifferentmindsets.【正確答案】C【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，奧基夫教授在早期的研究中證實(shí)，人們對(duì)興趣的本質(zhì)持有不同的看法，即存在分歧。C)中的divided對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的different,故為答案。文章第二段第二句提到那些具有興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維的人傾向于認(rèn)為興趣是可以發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)的，并不是說興趣會(huì)隨年齡而改變，故排除A)；B)“人們的興趣決定他們的思維方式”和D)“不同年齡的人有不同的思維方式”均未在文中提及，故排除。WhatisthefocusofProfessorO'Keefe'srecentresearch?Howboundariescanberemovedbetweenartsandsciencedisciplines.Howfeasibleitistocreatenewdisciplineslikecomputationaleconomics.Howstudentsinartsandsciencesviewthetwotypesofmindsetofinterest.Howagrowthmindsetofinterestcancontributetocross-disciplinarythinking.【正確答案】D【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，最新的研究檢驗(yàn)了興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維是如何促進(jìn)跨人文和科學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)學(xué)科邊界的綜合性思維的。因此，奧基夫最近的研究重點(diǎn)即興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維模式如何促進(jìn)跨學(xué)科思維，故答案為D)。定位句中提及跨越學(xué)科界限的綜合性思維，而不是消除學(xué)科之間的界限，故排除A)；B)中提到的創(chuàng)造像計(jì)算經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)這樣的新學(xué)科只是研究參與者的一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，并非奧基夫教授的研究主題，故排除B)；C)在文中未提及，故排除。Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleofsmartphones?Hi-techproductsareneededininterdisciplinaryresearch.Improvedtechnologygivesbirthtohighlypopularproducts.Makinginnovativeproductsneedsmultidisciplinaryknowledge.Hi-techproductscanboostpeople'sintegrativethinking.【正確答案】C【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位句提到以智能手機(jī)為例，而舉例子的目的可在下文找到。該段后兩句提到，你不僅需要計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)和工程知識(shí)，還需要對(duì)心理學(xué)和視覺設(shè)計(jì)有所理解，才能創(chuàng)造出更好的產(chǎn)品。而具有成長(zhǎng)型思維的員工更可能謀劃出跨越多個(gè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)新想法，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的解決方案。由此可見，制造創(chuàng)新性產(chǎn)品需要具備多學(xué)科知識(shí)，故答案為0。A)“跨學(xué)科研究中需要高科技產(chǎn)品”和B)”技術(shù)改進(jìn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生受歡迎的產(chǎn)品”在文章中并未提及，故排除；結(jié)合第四段內(nèi)容，可推斷出是人的綜合性思維會(huì)促進(jìn)一些高科技產(chǎn)品的誕生，因此可排除D)。Whatistheauthor'ssuggestiontothosewhoareseekingemployment?Learningpracticalskills.Broadeningtheirinterests.Stayingsafeinthepandemic.Knowingtheirpressingissues.【正確答案】B【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維的好處也可能延伸到那些尋求就業(yè)的人身上。該段最后解釋說，擁有興趣增長(zhǎng)型思維可以幫助求職者拓展興趣，更好地適應(yīng)不同領(lǐng)域。由此可知，求職者應(yīng)當(dāng)拓展興趣，以增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，故答案為B)。文中并未提及A)“學(xué)習(xí)一些實(shí)用技能”和C)“在大流行病期間注意安全”，故排除；最后一段第二句提到就業(yè)是一個(gè)緊迫的問題，因?yàn)樵S多人由于COVID-19疫情而失業(yè)，而不是說找工作的人要了解他們的緊迫問題，故排除D)。翻譯-漢譯英36.都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市約50公里，始建于公元前三世紀(jì)。它的獨(dú)特之處在于無需用堤壩調(diào)控水流。兩千多年來，都江堰一直有效地發(fā)揮著防洪與灌溉作用，使成都平原成為旱澇保收的沃土和中國(guó)最重要的糧食產(chǎn)地之一。都江堰工程體現(xiàn)了我國(guó)人民與自然和諧共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、無壩控水的水利工程?！菊_答案】DujiangyanislocatedontheMinjiangRiverinthewesternpartoftheChengduPlain,about50kilometersfromChengdu.ItsconstructionbeganinthethirdcenturyBC.Whatcharacterizesitmostisthatitcanregulatetheflowofwaterwithoutadam.Formorethan2,000years,Dujiangyanhaseffectivelyservedthepurposesoffloodpreventionandirrigation,makingtheChengduPlainafertilelandthatensuresstableyieldsdespitedroughtorexcessiverainandoneofthemajorgrain-producingareasinChina.ThisprojectembodiesthewisdomoftheChinesepeopletocoexistinharmonywithnatureandistheoldestwaterconservancyprojectintheworldthatisstillinuseandcontrolswaterwithoutadam.短篇新聞37.Shewaspiercedbyachickenbone.Shewascoughingallthetime.(C)Shesufferedfromlungcancer.(D)Shesufferedfromshock.【正確答案】B【聽力原文］A22-yeaLoldChinesewomanwhosufferedfromapersistentcou^hwasshockedtolearnthatshehadapieceofchickenbonelodgedinherlung.Theunnamedwoman,fromtheprovinceofShandong,startedtohavecoughingproblemswhenshewas7or8yearsold.For14years,shemadenumeroushospitalvisits.However,nodoctorcouldidentifyanyproblem.Heruncontrollablecoughingwasamystery.Finally,thewomangotafullbodyscanatahospitalinthecityofQingdao.Thisspecialmedicalprocedurerevealedshehadachickenbonestuckinherlung.Doctorsperformedsurgeryandremovedthebone.Thesimpleprocedurewentsmoothlyandthewomanhasrecoveredfully.Withthebonefinallyremovedfromherlung,thewomanisveryhappythatshenolongersuffersfromthatannoyingcough.1.Whatwasthewoman*sproblem?2.Howwasthewoman'sproblemeventuallysolved?【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。新聞開頭提到，一位22歲的女士持續(xù)咳嗽，竟是因?yàn)橛幸粔K雞骨頭卡在了她的肺部。由此可知，女士曾經(jīng)受久咳的折磨。因此，答案為B)。Byeatingchickensoupdaily.Throughregularexercising.Throughasurgicaloperation.ByusingtraditionalChinesemedicine.【正確答案】C【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。新聞中提到，醫(yī)生通過手術(shù)移除了卡在女士肺部的雞骨頭，女士得以完全康復(fù)。因此，答案為0。Itwasborn13yearsago.ItwasAliceGray'slovelypet.Itgotinjuredinabigbushfire.(D)Itranawayintoanearbyforest.【正確答案】D［聽力原文］AwhilesheepnamedPricklesihalranawayfromanAustralianfarmduringthe2013bushfires,recentlyreturnedhome.AccordingtofarmerAliceGray,Prickleswasonlyalambwhensheranaway.Thebushfiresthathittheareabackthendestroyedalargepartofherfamily'smassiveproperty.TheythoughtPrickleshaddiedinthefire.Butinstead,theyoungsheepescapedintoa200-acreforestnearthefarm.Oncethefireswereover,thefamilyhadtofixthedamagedonetothefarm,asitwassuchalargoproperty.Thisincludedrebuildingabout50kilometersoffencing.ItwasthishugefencingthatpreventedPricklesfromfindingherwayback.Overtheyears,thefamilyspottedherafewtimes.Theyevenrecordedherwithcamerasinstalledtomonitordeeractivity.ButwhiletheyknewPrickleswasalive,theycouldn，tfindherandneverexpecte