Unit 1 語法和寫作學(xué)案含答案 人教新課標(biāo)必修一

必修一第二講語法與寫作必修一第二講語法與寫作一、知識梳理一、知識梳理一．聽力訓(xùn)練一．聽力訓(xùn)練一．Gramma一．Grammar語法一、分清句子成分根據(jù)英語詞匯在英語句子中的地位和作用，英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語及獨立成分等。1．主語：表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，置于句首。①Theteacherisverykindtous.老師對我們很好。②Idon'tlikepopmusic.我不喜歡流行音樂。2．謂語：說明或描述主語的動作、狀態(tài)或特征，由動詞或動詞短語充當(dāng)，位于主語之后。①Wehavefinishedourworkalready.我們已經(jīng)完成了工作。②Iwillwaitforyouattheschoolgate.我要在校門口等你。3．表語：表示主語的身份、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當(dāng)，位于連系動詞之后，與連系動詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語。①Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生氣。②Sheisaclevergirl.她是一位聰明的女孩。4．賓語：指動作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或句子充當(dāng)，位于動詞之后。Hewrotemanyplays.他寫了許多劇本。Shelovesswimming.她喜歡游泳。5．賓語補足語：用來對賓語進(jìn)行補充和說明，一般由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。①I'veneverseenherdancing.我從未看見過她跳舞。②Iwishyouahappyweekend.我祝愿你周末愉快。6．定語：對名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制或說明，一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及句子等充當(dāng)，位置可在所修飾的詞之前，也可在所修飾的詞之后。①It'saninterestingstory.那是一個有趣的故事。②Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有時間幫助我們嗎？7．狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或句子充當(dāng)。①WelikeEnglishverymuch.我們非常喜歡英語。②HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。③Shewaslyinginbedreading.她躺在床上看書。8．同位語：若兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且句法功能也一樣，那么后一項稱為前一項的同位語。①Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。②LiHua,amiddleschoolstudent,comesfromtheUSA.李華是一名來自美國的中學(xué)生。二、八種基本句式句子成分構(gòu)成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句式只有八種，其他各種句式都是由這八種基本句式演變而來。八種基本句式如下：①主語＋謂語(不及物動詞)；②主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語；③主語＋系動詞＋表語；④主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋間接賓語＋直接賓語；⑤主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語＋賓語補足語；⑥主語＋謂語(不及物動詞)＋狀語；⑦主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語＋狀語；⑧Therebe...[句式一]主語＋謂語(不及物動詞)該句式常用來表示主語的動作或狀態(tài)。其特點為：句子的謂語動詞能表達(dá)完整的意思，這類動詞叫作不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。eq\o(Howtime,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(flies,\s\do14(謂語))！時間過得真快呀！Andeq\o(I,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(canplay,\s\do14(謂語))outsidetoo!我也可以在外面玩耍。[句式二]主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語在此句式中，謂語為及物動詞。及物動詞本身需要一個動作的承受者(即賓語)才可以表達(dá)完整的意思。作賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句等。eq\o(Ourschool,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(isgoingtohold,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(aspokenEnglishmatch,\s\do14(賓語)).我們學(xué)校準(zhǔn)備舉行一場英語口語比賽。eq\o(MyfriendsandI,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(haveplanted,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(manytrees,\s\do14(賓語)).我朋友和我已經(jīng)種了許多棵樹。[句式三]主語＋系動詞＋表語該句式中，謂語動詞不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語才能表達(dá)完整的意思，這類動詞叫系動詞。eq\o(Thethemeoftheshow,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(is,\s\do14(系動詞))eq\o(environmentalprotection,\s\do14(表語)).本次展出的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。eq\o(This,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(is,\s\do14(系動詞))eq\o(surelyagoodchanceformorepeopletosee,\s\do14(表語))them.這對更多的人來說當(dāng)然是一次欣賞它們的好機(jī)會。[句式四]主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋間接賓語＋直接賓語該句式中的謂語動詞必須跟兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。一個是表示人的間接賓語；一個是表示物的直接賓語。一般間接賓語在前面，直接賓語在后面。Atthesametime,eq\o(parents,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(aregiving,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(theirchildren,\s\do14(間接賓語))eq\o(toomuch,\s\do14(直接))eq\o(protection,\s\do14(賓語)).[句式五]主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語＋賓補(賓語補足語)本句式中的謂語動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分，如形容詞、名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞等。eq\o(I,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(wouldliketoinvite,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(you,\s\do14(賓語))eq\o(tojoinus,\s\do14(賓補))foravisittothenearbynursinghomenextSaturday.我想邀請你下周六和我們一起去拜訪附近的敬老院。eq\o(Mike,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(hadasked,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(theyoungman,\s\do14(賓語))eq\o(nottoplaythepianoatmidnight,\s\do14(賓補)).邁克已經(jīng)請求這個年輕人不要在半夜彈鋼琴。[句式六]主語＋謂語(不及物動詞)＋狀語本句式中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，后可跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。eq\o(Thetime,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(passed,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(veryquickly,\s\do14(狀語)).時間過得很快。eq\o(Thelittleboy,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(willcry,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(ifhecan'tseehismother,\s\do14(條件狀語)).這個小男孩看不到他的媽媽就會哭。[句式七]主語＋謂語(及物動詞)＋賓語＋狀語eq\o(He,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(settled,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(theproblem,\s\do14(賓語))eq\o(inaneasyway,\s\do14(狀語)).他用一種很簡單的方法解決了這個問題。eq\o(I,\s\do14(主語))eq\o(wouldhave,\s\do14(謂語))eq\o(aface-to-facetalkwithmyparents,\s\do14(賓語))eq\o(inmyfreetime,\s\do14(狀語)).我有空會和我的父母進(jìn)行一次面對面的交流。[句式八]Therebe...本句式中的be單復(fù)數(shù)要與最近的主語一致。Therearemanystudentsintheplayground.操場上有許多學(xué)生。Therewasapenandtwobooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支筆兩本書。Enjoyandpractice!一.按照要求，寫出下列加黑句子的成分1．Thetheatreticketshavesoldout.2．Thiskindofclothwasheswell.3．Whatyousaidjustnowmademeveryhappy.4．Couldyougivemetheletter？5．IwillstudyhardtolearnEnglishwell.6．ProfessorSmith,ourmathteacher,willreturntohiscountrytomorrow.7．AsfarasIknow,Maryisagoodstudent.8．Heisaverykindlady二.寫出下列句子所屬的類型1．Inotherwords,wearethemasterofourownfuture.2．ThismorningourteachertoldussomethingabouttheHopeProjectinclass.Anoldmanwaswalkingslowlyandcarefully.Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.Friendsmademylifefullofexcitement.6．Thesunwasshining.7．Thebossmadehimdotheworkdayandnight.Therearetenboysintheclassroom.二、如何二、如何寫建議信

經(jīng)典例題經(jīng)典例題

假定你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對中國文化感興趣，計劃明年來北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1.

表示歡迎；

2.

推薦他上哪所大學(xué)；

3.

建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。

注意：詞數(shù)100左右（開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)）。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

LiHua【寫作指導(dǎo)】一、審題定調(diào)

該寫作任務(wù)要求給英國朋友Jim回一封郵件，主要就他來中國上大學(xué)的問題給出建議，屬于建議信。二、謀篇布局

因本寫作任務(wù)的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，所以我們只需要寫出正文部分即可。正文部分可分為三部分：

第一部分：引出話題，說明寫信目的。

第二部分：根據(jù)要點提示，提出合理的建議并說明理由。

第三部分：希望對方采納建議并表達(dá)心愿。三、組織語言第一部分：引出話題，說明寫信目的。普通表達(dá)?I’mveryhappytoknowthatyouwillstudyinBeijing.?YouarewelcometoBeijingandIbelieveyouwillliveanunforgettablelifehere.高級表達(dá)第二部分：根據(jù)要點提示，提出合理的建議并說明原因。普通表達(dá)?BecauseyouareinterestedinChineseculture,Iadviseyoutochoose...,whichisoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.?Its...majorisverygood.?Asforthepreparations,youneedtolearn...,becausetheywillbeveryusefulforyouwhenyouareinBeijing.?Ifyouhavemuchknowledgeof...,itwillbeeasyforyoutolivehere.高級表達(dá)第三部分：希望對方采納建議并表達(dá)心愿。普通表達(dá)?Ihopeyouwillfindmyadvice/suggestionsuseful/helpful.

?Ihopeyouwillconsidermyadvice/suggestions.?I’dbegladtoshowyouaround...whenyoucome.高級表達(dá)課堂訓(xùn)練課堂訓(xùn)練

假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Jack給你發(fā)來電子郵件，說他厭煩學(xué)校生活，想輟學(xué)找工作。請你用英文給他回一封郵件，要點如下：

1.

表示同情；2.

提出可行性建議并說明理由。

注意：1.

詞數(shù)100左右；2.

可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、課后自主訓(xùn)練三、課后自主訓(xùn)練一．閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AVacationingintheOceanCityarea?SavetimeandmoneywithourOceanCityrestaurantguide.HigginsCrabHouseLetHigginsCrabHouseshowyouwhatitisallaboutsteamedcrabsandtraditionalMarylandfood.Withover4decadesofexperience,weofferthebestandfreshestcrabsforourcustomers.Sevendaysaweekwearebuyingsoftcrabs,freshcrabsandcrabmeatdirectlyfromthementhatcatchthem.Openeverydayallyearround.TheGreeneTurtleTheGreeneTurtlecombinesthebestofasportsbarandacasualrestaurantintoadifferentkindofneighborhoodgatheringplace,wherefriendsandfamilycangathertogrababite,watchagame,orjustenjoyabeertogether.It'sasportsfan'sdreamwithTVseverywhere.Openeverydayallyearround.Macky'sBaysideBarMacky'sisabarservinggreatfoodanddrinkinarelaxingsetting.Ourwaterfrontrestaurantandbarisopenair,andhasaprivatewhitesandybeach.Tablesandchairsaresettothewater'sedge.AtnightMacky'sheatsup!Beautifulbayviews,spectacularsunsets,excellentfareandabsolutelythebestservicemakeMacky'sBaysideBartheplacetomeetyourfriendsandmakenewones.Openeverydayallyearround.Thrasher'sFrenchFriesThrashersFrenchFriesisanOceanCity,Marylandtradition.AvisittotheOceanCityisnotcompletewithoutstoppingforthoseamazingFrenchfries.Thereisareasonwhythereisalwaysalonglinedowntheboardwalkforthesefries.Theyarejustamazing!Thrasher'sfriesarefreshcut,andjusthitthespot!OpeneverydayexceptonChristmas.1. WhowouldprefertogototheGreeneTurtle?A.Animallovers. B.Moviegoers. C.Footballfans. D.Caveexplorers.2. WhatdoweknowaboutMacky's?A.ItsFrenchfriesareveryfamous. B. Itstablesandchairsaresetinwater.C.Ithasapublicwhitesandybeach. D. Itservesfoodanddrinkoutdoors.3. ThrashersFrenchFriesisdifferentfromtheothersinthat .A.itonlyofferslocalcrabs B. itisclosedonChristmasC.itislocatedbythewater D. itprovidesvariousfoodsBWhatshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.AgirlwhospellswellandlikesEnglishmaybegoodatofficework.Soitisimportanttodowellatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyoumusthavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.Yourschoolmayhavetaughtyouskills,suchastypingortechnicaldrawing,whichyoucanuseinyourwork.Youmaybegoodatmetalworkorcookery(烹飪術(shù))andlookforajobwhereyoucanimprovetheseskills.Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonweekendsorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideofapart-timejob.Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbettertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeashamedofitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoestheauthorencourageustodo?A.Haveaspeciallystrongsubject.B.Useschoolperformancetohelptochooseacareer.CMakeeffortstobegoodatallsubjects.D.Takeuppart-timejobsasmuchaspossible.5.Wecanlearnfromthethirdparagraphthatasastudent,havingapart-timejob__________.A.maybeusefulforthefutureworkB.ishelplesstofindouttheweakpointsC.isagoodwaytoearnextramoneyD.isamusttoexperiencevariousjobs6.Ifastudent’sschoolrecordisnotgood,he__________.A.mustregretnothavingworkedharderatschoolB.willbeafailureinhisfutureworksoonerorlaterC.maydowellinhisfutureworkifhechoosestherightcareerD.shouldreceivefurthereducationaftergraduation二．完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AgroupofpatientsatChildren'sHealthcareofAtlanta（CHOA）wereinforaspecialtreatwhentheyhadtheopportunitytovisitFatherChristmasatthe"NorthPole".WiththehelpofDeltaAirLines,43kids,1childhoodcancersandblooddisordersattheAflacCancer&BloodDisordersCenterofCHOA,"flew”tothe"NorthPole"foramagical2Acoupleofpolicemen3thepatientstotheHartsfield-JacksonAtlantaInternationalAirport,whereDeltapilotsand"elves（精靈）”4greetedthemandhelpedthem"checkin".Ticketsinhand,thekidsboardeda5flighttothe"NorthPole".Theplanemovedslowlyaroundthetarmac（停機(jī)坪）forabout45minutesto6theillusion（錯覺）oflong-distancetravel,afterwhichthepatients7theplaneandweregreetedbyevenmoreDeltaemployees8aselves.Atthe“NorthPole**,thekidsdanced,madecraftsand9FatherChristmashimself.Therewasevena10—indoorsnowfall.**ltisverymuchapartofthecultureatDeltato11_thecommunitieswhereweliveandwork.AndwithAtlantabeingourhometown,wegreatly12ourpartnershipwithChildren'sHealthcareofAtlantaandlookforwardto__13theNorthPoleeventeveryyear；"Deltaemployeeand“HeadElf'volunteerAliceMcnultysaid."Ittrulyisanunforgettableholidayformanyofus,_14ourvolunteersgetalldressedupintheirelfclothestomakethisamagical15forthesechildrenandtheirfamilies；"sheadded.1.A.attackingB.spreadingC.battlingD.studying2.A.eventB.treatmentC.destinationD.power3.A.introducedB.ledC.invitedD.followed4.A.seriouslyB.anxiouslyC.carefullyD.warmly5.A.modemB.comfortableC.strangeD.special6.A.createB.preventC.practiceD.adjust7.A.appreciatedB.exitedC.changedD.approached8.A.knownB.consideredC.rememberedD.dressed9.A.recognizedB.metC.playedD.described10.A.surpriseB.dreamC.secretD.pity11.A.putupwithB.getawayfromC.givebacktoD.dropinat12.A.recommendB.missC.valueD.improve13.A.celebratingB.advertisingC.inventingD.hosting14.A.untilB.asC.ifD.although15.A.experienceB.adventureC.lessonD.opportunity三．語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asteenagers,youhavemany___1___(dream).Thesedreamscanbeverybig,suchaswinningtheNobelPrize,ortheycanbeverysmall,forexample,youmayjustwant___2___(become)thebeststudentinyourclass.Onceyoufindadream,whatdoyoudowithit?Doyouevertrytomakeyourdreamcometrue?AndrewMathews,___3___Australianwriter,tellsusthatmakingourdreamscometrueisthebiggestchallenge(挑戰(zhàn))inourli