《面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計》答案

實驗一熟悉VC++IDE開發(fā)環(huán)境一、實驗?zāi)康?熟悉VC++6.0集成開發(fā)環(huán)境，熟練掌握VC++6.0項目工作區(qū)、各種編輯器、菜單欄和工具欄的使用。2、掌握如何編輯、編譯、連接和運行一個 C++程序。3、 通過運行簡單的C++程序，初步了解C++源程序的結(jié)構(gòu)和特點。二、實驗要求1分析下列程序運行的結(jié)果。程序一：intadd(intx,inty=8);voidmain()intadd(intx,inty=8);voidmain(){intx=4;cout<<add(x)<<",";cout<<add(x,add(add(x,add(x))))<<endl;}intadd(intx,inty){ returnx+y;}〃12,28程序二：#inelude<iostream.h>voidmain(){int*p,i;i=5;p=&i;i=*p+10;cout<<"i="<<i<<endl;}〃i=15程序三：#inelude<iostream.h>void main(void){inti=10;int &r=i;r++;cout<<"i="<<i<<",r="<<r<<'\n';i=88;cout<<"i="<<i<<",r="<<r<<'\n';}〃i=11,r=11i=88,r=88程序四：#inelude<iostream.h>intf(inti){staticintk=1;for(;i>0;i--)k+=i;returnk;}voidmain(){inti;for(i=0;i<5;i++)eout<<f(i)<<"";}//1 2 5 11 21程序五：#inelude<iostream.h>voidfunc();intn=1;voidmain(){staticinta;intb=-9;cout<<"a:"<<a<<"b:"<<b<<"n："<<n<<endl;b+=4;func();cout<<"a:"<<a<<"b:"<<b<<"n:"<<n<<endl;n+=10;func();}voidfunc(){staticinta=2;intb=5;a+=2;n+=12;b+=5;cout<<"a:"<<a<<"b:"<<b<<"n："<<n<<endl;}//a:0b:-9n:1a:4b:10n:13a:0b:-5n:13a:6b:10n:35實驗二C++對C的擴充、實驗?zāi)康?、了解在面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計過程中 C++對C功能的擴充與增強，并善于在編寫程序的過程中應(yīng)用這些新功能。2、進一步熟悉編輯、編譯、連接和運行 C++程序的方法。3、 進一步熟悉C++程序的結(jié)構(gòu)和編程方法。二、實驗要求1分析下列程序運行的結(jié)果。#inelude<iostream.h>intvoid{amount=123;intvoid{main()intamount=456;cout<<::amount<<',';cout<<amount<<',';::amount=789;eout<<::amount<<',';cout<<amount<<'\n';}II123,456,789,4562、編寫一個程序，用來求 2個或3個正整數(shù)中的最大數(shù)。①用不帶默認參數(shù)的函數(shù)實現(xiàn)。include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmax(inta,intb,intc){if(b>a)a=b;if(e>a)a=e;returna;}include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmax(inta,intb,intc){if(b>a)a=b;if(e>a)a=e;returna;}intmax(inta,intb){if(a>b)returna;elsereturnb;}intmain(){inta=7,b=-4,c=9;cout<<max(a,b,c)<<endl;cout<<max(a,b)<<endl;return0;}②用帶默認參數(shù)的函數(shù)實現(xiàn)?！ㄇ?個整數(shù)中的最大者II求兩個整數(shù)中的最大者II輸出3個整數(shù)中的最大者II輸出兩個整數(shù)中的最大者#inelude<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){intmax(inta,intb,inte=0);inta,b,c;cin>>a>>b>>c;cout<<"max(a,b,c)="<<max(a,b,c)<<endl;cout<<"max(a,b)="<<max(a,b)<<endl;return0;}intmax(inta,intb,intc){if(b>a)a=b;if(c>a)a=c;returna;}3、有5個字符串，要求對它們按由小到大順序排列，用 string方法。#include<iostream>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){inti;stringstr[5]={"BASIC","C","F0RTRAN","C++","PASCAL"};voidsort(string[]);sort(str);cout<<"thesortedstrings:"<<endl;for(i=0;i<5;i++)cout<<str[i]<<"";cout<<endl;return0;}voidsort(strings[]){inti,j;stringt;for(j=0;j<5;j++)for(i=0;i<5-j;i++)if(s[i]>s[i+1]){t=s[i];s[i]=s[i+1];s[i+1]=t;}}4、定義一個求兩個數(shù)中較小值的函數(shù)模板 min()，要求在main()函數(shù)中進行調(diào)用求兩個浮點型數(shù)據(jù)和兩個整型數(shù)據(jù)中較小的數(shù)。#include"iostream"#include"string"usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>Tmin(Ta,Tb){returna<b?a:b;}intmain(){inta=1,b=9;floatc=1.23471,d=32.431564;cout<<"Theminof"<<a<<"and"<<b<<"is"<<min(a,b)<<endl<<"Theminof"<<c<<"and"<<d<<"is"<<min(c,d)<<endl;return0;}實驗三類和對象（一）、實驗?zāi)康?掌握聲明類的方法，類和類的成員的概念以及定義對象的方法。2、 掌握類的構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的概念和使用方法。3、 初步掌握用類和對象編制基于對象的程序。二、實驗要求1、分析下面的程序，寫出其運行時的輸出結(jié)果。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classDate{public:Date(int,int,int);Date(int,int);Date(int);Date();voiddisplay();private:intmonth;intday;intyear;};Date：：Date(intm,intd,inty):month(m),day(d),year(y){}Date：：Date(intm,intd):month(m),day(d){year=2005;}Date:Date(intm):month(m){day=1;year=2005;}Date:Date(){month=1;day=1;year=2005;}voidDate::display(){cout<<month<<〃/〃<<day<<"/〃<<year<<endl;}intmain()

Dated1(10,13,2005);Dated2(12,30);Dated3(10);Dated4;d1.display();d2.display();d3.display();d4.display();return0;}//}//10/13/200512/30/200510/1/20051/1/20052、建立一個名為Student2、#include"iostream"#include"string"usingnamespacestd;classstudent{public:student();voiddisplay();private:stringsName,sNum;charchSex;intiAge;｝；student::student(stnngna,stringnum,chars,inta):sName(na),sNum(num),chSex(s),iAge(a){}voidstudent::display(){cout<<" THEINFORMATIONOFSTUDENT \n";cout<<"name:"<<sName<<endl<<"number: "<<sNum<<endl<<"sex: "<<chSex<<endl<<"age: "<<iAge<<endl;}intmain(){students("WangFang","0811045263",'w',20);

s.display（）;return0;}3、類Person的定義如下，請實現(xiàn)該類，并在主函數(shù)中創(chuàng)建對象 obj，然后使用構(gòu)造函數(shù)為obj賦予初始值（內(nèi)容自定）。classPerson{private:charname[10];intage;intsalary;chartel[8];public:Person(char*xname,intxage,intxsalary,char*xtel);voiddisp();};解:#inelude<iostream.h>#include<string.h>Person::person(char*Xname,intXage,intXsalary,char *Xtel){strcpy(name,xname);姓名：”<<name<<endl;年齡”：<<age<<endl;工資”：<<salary<<endl:電話”：<<tel<<endl;age=xage;salary=xsalary;strcpy(tel,xtel);}voidPerson::disp(){cout<<姓名：”<<name<<endl;年齡”：<<age<<endl;工資”：<<salary<<endl:電話”：<<tel<<endl;}voidmain(){Personobj(張三”，25，850,“45678912”)；obj.disp()}實驗四類和對象（二）一、實驗?zāi)康?進一步加深對類和對象的理解。2、 掌握對類的對象數(shù)組、對象的指針及其使用方法。3、 掌握友元的概念和使用。4、 了解類模板的使用方法。二、實驗要求1分析并比較下列程序運行的結(jié)果。程序一:#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>classsmallone{public:smallone(intsma){cout<<"smconstr:"<<sma<<"\n";}};voidfn(intn){smallonesm(n);cout<<"infunctionfnwithn="<<n<<endl;}intmain(){ fn(10);fn(20);return0;}//smconstr:10infunctionfnwithn=10smconstr:20infunctionfnwithn=20程序二：#include<iostream.h>#include<iostream.h>classsmallone{public:smallone(intsma){cout<<"smconstr:"<<sma<<"\n";}};voidfn(intn){staticsmallonesm(n);cout<<"infunctionfnwithn="<<n<<endl;}intmain(){ fn(10);fn(20);return0;}//smconstr:10infunctionfnwithn=10infunctionfnwithn=202、建立一個對象數(shù)組，內(nèi)放5個學生的數(shù)據(jù)（學號、成績），設(shè)立一個函數(shù)max，用指向?qū)ο蟮闹羔樧骱瘮?shù)參數(shù)，在max函數(shù)中找出5個學生中成績最高者，并輸出其學號。#inelude<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classStudent{public:Student(intn,floats):num(n),score(s){}intnum;floatscore;};voidmain(){Studentstud[5]={Student(101,78.5),Student(102,85.5),Student(103,98.5),Student(104,100.0),Student(105,95.5)};voidmax(Student*);Student*p=&stud[0];max(p);reyurn0;}voidmax(Student*arr){floatmax_score=arr[0].score;intk=0;for(inti=1;i<5;i++)if(arr[i].score>max_score){max_score=arr[i].score;k=i;}cout<<arr[k].num<<""<<max_score<<endl;}3、聲明一個類模板，禾U用它分別實現(xiàn)兩個整數(shù)、浮點數(shù)和字符的比較，求出大數(shù)和小數(shù)。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;template<classnumtype〉classCompare{public:Compare(numtypea,numtypeb){x=a;y=b;}numtypemax(){return(x>y)?x:y;}numtypemin(){return(x<y)?x:y;}private:numtypex,y;};intmain(){Compare<int>emp1(3,7);cout<<cmp1.max()<<"istheMaximumoftwointedernumbers."<<endl;cout<<cmp1.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwointedernumbers."<<endl<<endl;Compare<float>emp2(45.78,93.6);

cout<<cmp2.max()<<"istheMaximumoftwofloatnumbers."<<endl;cout<<cmp2.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwofloatnumbers."<<endl<<endl;Compare<char>cmp3('a','A');cout<<cmp3.max()<<"istheMaximumoftwocharacters."<<endl;cout<<cmp3.min()<<"istheMinimumoftwocharacters."<<endl;return0;}實驗五運算符重載、實驗?zāi)康?進一步了解運算符重載的概念和使用方法。2、掌握幾種常用的運算符重載的方法。二、實驗要求1、定義一個復(fù)數(shù)類Complex，重載運算法“+”，使之能用于復(fù)數(shù)的加法運算。將運算符重載為普通函數(shù)(非成員、非友元)、成員函數(shù)、友元函數(shù)。根據(jù)要求修改通過函數(shù)來實現(xiàn)復(fù)數(shù)相加的示例，分別編寫程序，求兩個復(fù)數(shù)之和。#include<iostream>//定義//定義Complex類classComplex//構(gòu)造函數(shù)//構(gòu)造函數(shù)//聲明復(fù)數(shù)相加函數(shù)CompIex(floatx=0,floaty=O){real=x;imag=y;}Complexcompiex_add(Complex&c2);void display(){cout<<real<<'+'<<imag<<'i'<<endl;};//實部//實部//虛部floatreal;floatimag;};Complexc;c.real=real+c2.real;Complexc;c.real=real+c2.real;c.imag=imag+c2.imag;returnc;}int{}int{main()//定義//定義3個復(fù)數(shù)對象//進行兩個復(fù)數(shù)的加運算compiex=plex_add(compIex2);compiex.display();return0;}//16.14+10i〃普通函數(shù)(非成員、非友元)#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplex{public:Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}CompIex(doubler,doublei){real=r;imag=i;}doubleget_real();doubleget_imag();voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;};doubleCompIex::get_real(){returnreal;}doubleCompIex::get_imag(){returnimag;}voidComplex::display(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}Complexoperator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2){returnCompIex(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(),c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag());}intmain(){Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c3=";c3.display();return0;}//運算符重載為成員函數(shù)#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplex{public:Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}CompIex(doubler,doublei){real=r;imag=i;}Complexoperator+(Complex&c2);voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;};ComplexCompIex::operator+(Complex&c2){Complexc;c.real=real+c2.real;c.imag=imag+c2.imag;returnc;}voidComplex::display(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}intmain(){Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c1=";c1.display();cout<<"c2=";c2.display();cout<<"c1+c2=";c3.display();return0;}//將運算符重載為友元函數(shù)#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classComplex{public:Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}CompIex(doubler){real=r;imag=0;}CompIex(doubler,doublei){real=r;imag=i;}friendComplexoperator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2);voiddisplay();private:doublereal;doubleimag;};Complexoperator+(Complex&c1,Complex&c2){returnCompIex(c1.real+c2.real,c1.imag+c2.imag);}voidComplex::display(){cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;}intmain(){Complexc1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;c3=c1+c2;cout<<"c1=";cl.display();cout<<"c2=";c2.display();cout<<"c1+c2=";c3.display();return0;}實驗六繼承和派生、實驗?zāi)康?、 了解繼承在面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計中的重要作用。2、 進一步理解繼承與派生的概念。3、 掌握通過繼承派生出一個新的類的方法。4、 了解虛基類的作用和用法。二、實驗要求1、運行程序，分析構(gòu)造函數(shù)與析構(gòu)函數(shù)的調(diào)用順序。程序一：#include<iostream.h>classA{public:A(){cout<<"A:Constructor"<<endl;}~A(){cout<<"A:Destructor"<<endl;}};classB:publicA{public:B(){cout<<"B:Constructor"<<endl;}~B(){cout<<"B:Destructor"<<endl;}};voidmain(){Bb;}//A:ConstructorB:ConstructorB:DestructorA:Destructor程序二：#include<iostream.h>classA{inta;public:A(intaa=0) {a=aa;}~A() {cout<<”DestructorA!”<<a<<endl;}};

classB:PublicA{intb;public:B(intaa=0,intbb=0):classB:PublicA{intb;public:B(intaa=0,intbb=0):A(aa){b=bb;}~B() {cout<<”DestructorB!”};voidmain(){Bx(5),y(6,7);}//DestructorB!7DestructorA!6DestructorB!0DestructorA!5調(diào)用順序：構(gòu)造x.Aa=5構(gòu)造X.Ba=5y.Ba=6 b=7析構(gòu)y.BB!72、分別聲明Teacher(教師)類和類Teacher_Cader類。要求：在兩個基類種豆包含姓名、年齡、在Teacher類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員<<b<<endl;b=0構(gòu)造y.A//不匹配，不調(diào)用A（）構(gòu)造A!6析構(gòu)X.BB!0析構(gòu)x.AA!5析構(gòu)y.ACadre（干部）類，采用多重繼承方式由這兩個類派生出新性別、地址、電話等數(shù)據(jù)成員。title（職稱），在Cader類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員post（職務(wù)）。在Teacher_Cader類中還包含數(shù)據(jù)成員wages(工資)。在對兩個基類中的姓名、年齡、性別、地址、電話等數(shù)據(jù)成員用相同的名字，在引用這些數(shù)據(jù)成員時，指定作用域。在類體中聲明成員函數(shù)，在類外定義數(shù)據(jù)成員。在派生類Teacher_Cade啲成員函數(shù)show中調(diào)用Teacher類中的display函數(shù)，輸出姓名、年齡、性別、職稱、地址、電話，然后再調(diào)用 cout語句輸出職務(wù)和工資。#include<string>#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classTeacher{public:Teacher(stringnam,inta,chars,stringtit,stringad,stringt);voiddisplay();protected:stringname;intage;charsex;stringtitle;stringaddr;stringtel;};Teacher::Teacher(stringnam,inta,chars,stringtit,stringad,stringt):name(nam),age(a),sex(s),title(tit),addr(ad),tel(t){}voidTeacher::display(){cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"age"<<age<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"title:"<<title<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl;}classCadre{public:Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringp,stnngad,stringt);voiddisplay();protected:stringname;intage;charsex;stringpost;stringaddr;stringtel;};Cadre::Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringp,stnngad,stringt):name(nam),age(a),sex(s),post(p),addr(ad),tel(t){}voidCadre::display(){cout<<"name:"<<name<<endl;cout<<"age:"<<age<<endl;cout<<"sex:"<<sex<<endl;cout<<"post:"<<post<<endl;cout<<"address:"<<addr<<endl;cout<<"tel:"<<tel<<endl;}classTeacher_Cadre:publicTeacher,publicCadre{public:Teacher_Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringtit,stringp,stnngad,stringt,floatw);voidshow();private:floatwage;};Teacher_Cadre::Teacher_Cadre(stringnam,inta,chars,stringt,stringp,stringad,stringtel,floatw):Teacher(nam,a,s,t,ad,tel),Cadre(nam,a,s,p,ad,tel),wage(w){}voidTeacher_Cadre::show(){Teacher::display();cout<<"post:"<<Cadre::post<<endl;cout<<"wages:"<<wage<<endl;}intmain(){Teacher_Cadrete_ca("Wang-li",50,'f,"prof.","president","135BeijingRoad,Shanghai","(021)61234567",1534.5);te_ca.show();return0;}實驗七多態(tài)性和虛函數(shù)、實驗?zāi)康?、 了解多態(tài)性的概念。2、 了解虛函數(shù)的作用及其使用方法。3、 了解靜態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)和動態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)的概念和用法。4、 了解純虛函數(shù)和抽象類的概念和用法。二、實驗要求1、分析程序運行結(jié)果，掌握虛函數(shù)的使用。程序一：#include<iostream.h>classONE{public:virtualvoidf(){cout<<"l"<<endl;}};classTWO:publicONE{public:TWO(){cout<<"2"<<endl;}};classTHREE:publicTWO{public:virtualvoidf(){TWO::f();cout<<"3";}};voidmain(){ONEaa,*p;TWObb;THREEcc;p=&CC；p->f();}〃2213程序二:#include<iostream.h>classBase{public:virtualvoidfn(){cout<<"InBaseClass'n";}};classSubClass:publicBase{public:virtualvoidfn(){cout<<"InSubClass\n";}};voidmain(){Basebc,*p;SubClasssc;p=&bc; p->fn();p=≻ p->fn();}//InBaseClassInSubClass2、實現(xiàn)一個類A，在A中有兩個私有的整型變量a和b，定義構(gòu)造函數(shù)對a和b進行初始化，并實現(xiàn)成員函數(shù)geta()取得a的值和getb()取b的值。實現(xiàn)類B從A繼承，覆蓋geta()，使其返回a的2倍。主函數(shù)中聲明類B對象，調(diào)用類B中的geta()并將結(jié)果輸出。#include"iostream"usingnamespacestd;classA{private:inta;intb;public:A(intm,intn){a=m;b=n;}intgeta(){returna;}intgetb(){returnb;}};classB:publicA{public:B(intm,intn):A(m,n){}intgeta(){returnA::geta()*2;}};voidmain(){Bb(2,2);cout<<b.geta()<<endl;return0;}3、聲明抽象基類Shape,由它派生出3個派生類：Cirle(圓形)、Rectangle(矩形)、Triangle(三角形)，用一個函數(shù)printArea分別輸出以上三者的面積，3個圖形的數(shù)據(jù)在定義對象是給定。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;〃定義抽象基類ShapeclassShape{public:virtualdoublearea()const=0;};//定義Circle類classCircle:publicShape{public:Circle(doubler):radius(r){}//純虛函數(shù)//結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)virtualdoublearea()const{return3.14159*radius*radius;};protected:doubleradius;};//定義Rectangle類classRectangle:publicShape{public:Rectangle(doublew,doubleh):width(w),height(h){}virtualdoublearea()const{returnwidth*height;}protected:doublewidth,height;};classTriangle:publicShape{public:Triangle(doublew,doubleh):width(w),height(h){}virtualdoublearea()const{return0.5*width*height;}protected:doublewidth,height;};//輸出面積的函數(shù)voidprintArea(constShape&s){cout<<s.area()<<endl;}〃定義虛函數(shù)//半徑//寬與高//寬與高〃輸出S的面積〃結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)//定義虛函數(shù)//結(jié)構(gòu)函數(shù)//定義虛函數(shù)intmai