語法體系之句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句子成分 學(xué)案 高考英語

“高考英語經(jīng)典課程”語法體系之句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句子成分課程內(nèi)容（教學(xué)目標(biāo)）句子結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)：主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)表同是什么？謂語動(dòng)詞是什么？非謂語動(dòng)詞是什么？有哪些從句？怎樣快速拆解閱讀BCD篇長難句？15篇高考英語真題長難句分析。30組長難句的仿寫讓你的作文大放異彩。知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧：10大詞性4大動(dòng)詞詞性：在英語中根據(jù)詞匯的語法特征將單詞劃分為以下十類：詞類英語全稱（縮寫）作用例詞實(shí)詞名詞（n.）表示人或事物的名稱party政黨China中國代詞(pron.)用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等He他that那數(shù)詞(num.)表示數(shù)量或順序one一first第一形容詞（adj.）用來修飾名詞表示人或事物的特性、性質(zhì)safe安全great偉大副詞(adv.)用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，表示動(dòng)作或形狀的特性quickly迅速地here這里動(dòng)詞(v.)表示人或事物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)eat吃fly飛虛詞冠詞(art.)用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物an，a，the介詞(prep.)用在名詞、代詞等前面說明句子中詞與詞之間的關(guān)系under在……下in在……里連詞(conj.)用來連接詞、短語或句子and和but但是感嘆詞(interj.)表示說話時(shí)的感情或口氣Hello喂Emm呃，嘿Tips:“一詞多性”bookmilkfarmmean“一詞多義”springn.fann.giftn.point“形修名，副修動(dòng)”：在十類詞性中______修飾_______；_______修飾________。Look!Thereisa______(good/well)picture.Lucycanplaybasketball_______(good/well).系動(dòng)詞：3be5官3保持5變得3其他專題精講A.句子成分英語的句子成分主要有以下幾種：即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語和同位語。（可以熟記為：主謂賓表，定狀補(bǔ)同）。具體成分及作用如下。成分作用例句主語主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.謂語謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。Weareyoung.定語定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“……的”表示。ThetallboyunderthetreeisJohn.狀語狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.補(bǔ)語賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說，在意思上，賓語相當(dāng)于賓補(bǔ)的主語。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Hewaselectedmonitor.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后的并列名詞或代詞，對(duì)前者加以說明，近乎于后置定語。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.句子成分分析：ImetmybestfriendTomwhoistallandhandsomeatthestationyesterday.___________________________________________________________________________________________我剛剛看見我的同班同學(xué)Lisa在教室里認(rèn)真地看書。___________________________________________________________________________________________主語主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)?？梢宰髦髡Z的詞性或語法結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.名詞 2.代詞 3.數(shù)詞4.不定式 5.動(dòng)名詞 6.主語從句等表示。

7.名詞化的形容詞（如therich） 在英語中，形容詞、副詞和介詞短語是不能作主語的。如果它們?cè)诰涫讜r(shí)，句子可能是倒裝句，真正的主語在后面。在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線，并說出由什么充當(dāng)。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.4.HisjobistoteachEnglish.5.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.謂語謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.復(fù)合謂語：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.

Hehascaughtabadcold.

Mysisteriscryingoverthere.

Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.

Iwouldstayathomeallday.

Hashecomeback?

Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：

Wearestudents.

Yourideasoundsgreat.表語表語多是形容詞，用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。畫出下列句中的表語，并說明由什么充當(dāng)。Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwenty-one.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語。畫出下列句中的賓語,并說明由什么充當(dāng)。Theyplantedmanytreesyesterday.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Iwantedtobuyacar.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.Hegavemesomebooks.定語:前置定語和后置定語定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用“……的”表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點(diǎn)與漢語習(xí)慣不同，也是許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長句的主要原因。定語后置常見的有以下幾種情況：Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標(biāo)出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是由什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(認(rèn)真地寫，慢慢地走，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）Herunsveryslowly.（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，作狀語）Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.（修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞，作狀語）A.幾個(gè)并列狀語的先后順序：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間一個(gè)句中有幾個(gè)并列狀語時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。如：Ifoundalostpenoutsideourschoolyesterdaymorning.Hewaswalkingslowlyoutsidetheparkatthatmoment.B.英語中時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的排列一般是從小到大先寫時(shí)間，再寫上/下午，再寫星期幾，再寫幾月幾號(hào)。最后寫幾幾年。Iinvitedhimtowatchamovieat5p.m.onThursday,August28th,2015.Iwasbornat6a.m.,March16,2000.Helivesat

1120Green

Street,London.C.頻度副詞often,always,usually,sometimes,never等在句中要放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。Youcannevertellwhathewilldo.Heisoftenlate.Heisalwayshelpingothers.Heoftencamelate.D.狀語按意義分類在句子成分中，主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語都比較好辨認(rèn)，如果這幾個(gè)成分都不是，那很可能就是狀語了。因此，狀語的種類很多，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。指出下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.Theboyreallyneedsapen.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.考點(diǎn)7：補(bǔ)語主語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。賓語補(bǔ)足語：補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1.Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.2.Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.考點(diǎn)8：同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子成分，后者就叫做前者的同位語。Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.Iwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend.總結(jié)：句子成分思維導(dǎo)圖活學(xué)活用：句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(三)挑出下列句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.B.十種簡單句（基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)）一:ＳＶ(主＋謂)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋謂＋賓)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ))六：ＳＶA(主＋謂+狀)七：ＳＶＯA(主＋謂＋賓+狀)八:ＳＶｏＯA(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓+狀)九:ＳＶＯＣA(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)+狀)十：Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)基本句型一:Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物動(dòng)詞)謂語:不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒有賓語,形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系動(dòng)詞)│Ｐ(表語)therebe1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三:Ｓ│Ｖ(及物動(dòng)詞)│Ｏ(賓語)此句型的特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語,即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。1.Whoknowstheanswer?2.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.3.Heenjoysreading.4.Hesaid“Goodmorning.”5.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.基本句型四：Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.2.Hebroughtyouadictionary.3.Ishowedhimmypictures.4.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.5.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ))1感2聽3讓4看半幫助此句型的特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語:位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,介詞短語等。1.Thewarmadehimasoldier.2.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.3.Ioftenfindhimatwork.4.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.基本句型六：ＳＶA(主＋謂+狀)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞后不可以直接接賓語，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語,構(gòu)成主謂狀句型。常見的動(dòng)詞如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：Herunseverymorning.(時(shí)間狀語)Theywereswimminginthesea.(地點(diǎn)狀語)基本句型七：ＳＶＯA(主＋謂＋賓+狀)這種句型中的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,后接賓語，賓語后面跟副詞、介詞短語等作狀語,說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，構(gòu)成主謂賓狀句型。例：Iboughtabookyesterday.Shelikesdancingverymuch.八:ＳＶｏＯA(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓+狀)此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。這種句型中，直接賓語為主要賓語，表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰做的或?yàn)檎l做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名詞來充當(dāng)；間接賓語也被稱之為第二賓語，去掉之后，對(duì)整個(gè)句子的影響不大，多由指“人”的名詞或代詞承擔(dān)。引導(dǎo)這類雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresentyesterday.TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.九:ＳＶＯＣA(主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)+狀)此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。這種句型中的“賓語＋補(bǔ)語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語的特點(diǎn)、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的動(dòng)作等。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。常見的動(dòng)詞有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.（形容詞）Wemadehimourmonitor.(名詞)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(過去分詞)十：Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)此句型是由there+be+主語+狀語構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在有。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞be之后，there僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語。Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如，現(xiàn)在有

thereis/are…過去有

therewas/were…將來有

therewillbe…/thereis/aregoingtobe...現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有

therehas/havebeen…可能有

theremightbe...

肯定有

theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...過去一直有

thereusedtobe…

似乎有

thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有

therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等?；顚W(xué)活用【Practice】指出下面句子分別屬于哪個(gè)句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,over-crowdednessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.Icanalsobuysomefreshvegetablesformyparents.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________句子擴(kuò)展練習(xí)：加時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，加形容詞，加定語從句常用的英語句子除了基本句型的成分不變通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。Wefoundthehallfull.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告?；顚W(xué)活用1：我看見我的最好朋友Lisa。我剛剛看見我的最好朋友Lisa在教室里。我剛剛看見我的最好朋友Lisa在教室里認(rèn)真地復(fù)習(xí)功課。我剛剛看見我的最好朋友Lisa在教室里認(rèn)真地復(fù)習(xí)今日學(xué)的功課?；顚W(xué)活用2：Isawflowers.當(dāng)堂過手訓(xùn)練十種簡單句翻譯：我們學(xué)生可以從讀書中獲益很多。我剛剛看見一個(gè)出名的藝術(shù)家在公園里認(rèn)真地畫畫。昨天我的鑰匙在辦公室突然消失了。前幾天我的哥哥給我買了一輛新自新車。到目前為止，我的錢已經(jīng)用完了。他即將前往北京度假。下周，我們學(xué)校里將有一場(chǎng)足球賽。我們選他當(dāng)班長。他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁長了一個(gè)晚上。這只小鳥每天早上在花園里唱歌特別動(dòng)聽。學(xué)英語最好的方法就是用心學(xué)習(xí)。你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。昨天我在街上和兩個(gè)美國人合照了一張照片。拓展練習(xí)（語法填空+短文改錯(cuò)限時(shí)訓(xùn)練）一．閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.二．短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Toeveryone`ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.作文高端句仿寫假定你是李華，暑假在倫敦學(xué)習(xí)，得知當(dāng)?shù)孛佬g(shù)館要舉辦中國畫展。請(qǐng)寫一封信申請(qǐng)做志愿者，內(nèi)容包括：1．寫信目的：2．個(gè)人優(yōu)勢(shì)：3．能做的事情。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．結(jié)束語已為你寫好。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)基本句型與句子成分一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1．In______(conclude),parentshavetochangesomeoftheirbeliefsabouthowchildrenshouldberaised.2．Tobeagoodreporter,oneneedstobecurious,which_________(enable)onetoaskmanydifferentquestionsandacquirealltheinformationheneedstoknow.3．Due________carelessness,yourmistakesmayhaveseriousresults.4．Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear“Itis______（I）”.5．Mother’sDayiscoming.I’msorrythatIamabroadandcan’tsend________(your)f